1
|
Watanabe Y, Haneda T, Kimishima A, Kuwae A, Suga T, Suzuki T, Iwabuchi Y, Honsho M, Honma S, Iwatsuki M, Matsui H, Hanaki H, Kanoh N, Abe A, Asami Y, Ōmura S. PurA is the main target of aurodox, a type III secretion system inhibitor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322363121. [PMID: 38640341 PMCID: PMC11046696 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322363121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-microbial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to global health. The continual battle between the emergence of AMR and the development of drugs will be extremely difficult to stop as long as traditional anti-biotic approaches are taken. In order to overcome this impasse, we here focused on the type III secretion system (T3SS), which is highly conserved in many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. The T3SS is known to be indispensable in establishing disease processes but not essential for pathogen survival. Therefore, T3SS inhibitors may be innovative anti-infective agents that could dramatically reduce the evolutionary selective pressure on strains resistant to treatment. Based on this concept, we previously identified a polyketide natural product, aurodox (AD), as a specific T3SS inhibitor using our original screening system. However, despite its promise as a unique anti-infective drug of AD, the molecular target of AD has remained unclear. In this paper, using an innovative chemistry and genetic biology-based approach, we show that AD binds to adenylosuccinate synthase (PurA), which suppresses the production of the secreted proteins from T3SS, resulting in the expression of bacterial virulence both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Our findings illuminate the potential of PurA as a target of anti-infective drugs and vaccination and could open a avenue for application of PurA in the regulation of T3SS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Watanabe
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
| | - Takeshi Haneda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
| | - Aoi Kimishima
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
| | - Asaomi Kuwae
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
| | - Takuya Suga
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Iwabuchi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan
| | - Masako Honsho
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
| | - Sota Honma
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
| | - Masato Iwatsuki
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
| | - Hidehito Matsui
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hanaki
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
| | - Naoki Kanoh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo142-8501, Japan
| | - Akio Abe
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Asami
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ōmura
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-8641, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Servillo L, Balestrieri C, Quagliuolo L, Iorio EL, Giovane A. tRNA fluorescent labeling at 3' end inducing an aminoacyl-tRNA-like behavior. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 213:583-9. [PMID: 7682946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent tRNA derivative labeled at 3'-O position of the ultimate adenosine residue by reaction, under mild conditions, of tRNA with isatoic anhydride [3,1-benzoxazine-2,4(1H)-dione] was obtained. The labeling selectivity was determined by several criteria: digestion with RNase, followed by HPLC of the digest, produces only one labeled nucleoside, identified as 3'-O-anthraniloyladenosine; the ratio of the absorbance at 260 nm to 332 nm also suggests a 1:1 molar ratio between the nucleic acid and the fluorophore; finally, the incapacity of the labeled tRNA to be charged by the specific aminoacyltransferase further demonstrates the engagement of the 3'-O position. Although the 3'-O-anthraniloyl-labeled tRNA does not seem to be functionally active, as far as the aminoacyl charging activity is concerned, surprisingly we found that it is able to form the ternary complex with elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) and GTP with an affinity consistently higher than uncharged tRNA. From fluorescence anisotropy measurements the ternary complex dissociation constant was estimated as 73 nM for Escherichia coli and 140 nM for yeast anthraniloyl-tRNA(Phe). These results may be interpreted in terms of the particular structure of the anthraniloyl group that makes the labeled tRNA similar to an aminoacyl-tRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Servillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tezuka M, Chládek S. The elongation factor Tu.GTPase reaction: effect of 2'(3')-O-aminoacyl oligoribonucleotides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1988; 950:463-5. [PMID: 2844263 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(88)90147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The activity of synthetic (2'(3')-O-aminoacyl trinucleotides, C-C-A-Phe, C-C-U-Phe, C-U-A-Phe, U-C-A-Phe and C-A-A-Phe, in promoting the EF-Tu.70 S ribosome-catalyzed GTP hydrolysis was investigated. It was found that the activity decreases in the order C-C-A-Phe greater than C-U-A-Phe greater than U-C-A-Phe greater than C-A-A-Phe much greater than C-C-U-Phe. Thus, the substitution in 'natural' C-C-A sequence with other nucleobases weakens binding of 2'(3')-O-aminoacyl trinucleotides to EF-Tu, with the substitution at the 3'-position having the most profound effect. Since the 2'(3')-O-aminoacyl oligonucleotides mimic the effect of the aa-tRNA 3'-terminus on EF-Tu.GTPase, it follows that EF-Tu probably directly recognizes structure of nucleobases in the aa-tRNA 3'-terminus, with the 3'-terminal adenine playing the most important role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Tezuka
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Cancer Foundation, Detroit 48201
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Picone D, Parmeggiani A. Transfer ribonucleic acid deprived of the C-C-A 3'-extremity can interact with elongation factor Tu. Biochemistry 1983; 22:4400-5. [PMID: 6138092 DOI: 10.1021/bi00288a009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work we describe that uncharged tRNAs or modified tRNAs lacking all or part of the C-C-A end (i.e., tRNA minus pCpCpA, tRNA minus pA, and tRNA minus A) can still influence the GTPase activity of the elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), thus showing that, besides the aminoacylated 3'-end, other regions of the aa-tRNA interact with EF-Tu. The existence of an interaction between EF-Tu and truncated tRNAs was also confirmed by examining the dissociation of the EF-Tu-GTP complex: the rate of this reaction is decreased upon addition of tRNAVal1 minus pCpCpA. The effect on the EF-Tu GTPase activity of tRNAs deprived of the C-C-A 3'-end is still evident in the presence of C-C-A-aa. The stimulatory pattern obtained with C-C-A-Val at 5 mM MgCl2 is decreased upon addition of tRNAVal1 minus pCpCpA, tRNAVal1 minus pA, or tRNAVal1 minus A. This shows that the effect of the aminoacylated C-C-A 3'-end can be influenced via EF-Tu by the remaining regions of the tRNA, after cleavage of a bond in the 3'-extremity. However, also with an excess of tRNAVal1 minus pCpCpA over C-C-A-Val, no "aa-tRNA-like" effect, i.e., no inhibition of the EF-Tu GTPase, was obtained, suggesting that, upon binding with EF-Tu, a specific conformational change in the aa-tRNA molecule also takes place, regulating the expression of the GTPase activity. Our results unequivocally show that different regions of the aa-tRNA are needed for a coordinated interaction with EF-Tu.
Collapse
|
10
|
Guesnet J, Parlato G, Parmeggiani A. Interaction between the different domains of aminoacyl-tRNA and the elongation-factor-Tu x kirromycin complex. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1983; 133:499-507. [PMID: 6134616 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have studied the effect of aa-tRNA and derived 3' aminoacylated fragments on the EF-Tu GTPase in the presence of kirromycin, using two systems: without and with ribosomes. The aa-tRNA fragments were obtained by enzymatic digestion. Procedures for the enzymatic preparation of C-A-Val and Val-tRNA Val1 3' half molecule, as well as a purification method for short 3' aminoacylated fragments based on the amino group charge, were newly developed for this work. Aminoacyl-adenosine was found to be able to stimulate the EF-Tu x kirromycin GTPase, but only to a very small extent. Increasing the length of the aminoacylated fragments increased the stimulatory effect as follow: A-Val much less than C-A-Val less than C-C-A-Val less than 3' valyladenosine dodecanucleotide much less than Val-tRNA Val1 3' half molecule less than Val-tRNA Val1. The presence of ribosomes did not affect the order of effectiveness, but increased the basic GTPase activity of EF-Tu x kirromycin and the stimulation by aa-tRNA, its 3' half molecule and even more by its 3' short fragments. The effect of aa-tRNA and derived 3' fragments in the absence of ribosomes was not influenced by MgCl2 concentrations of 5-30 mM whereas, in the presence of ribosomes, low concentrations of MgCl2 (5 mM) greatly reduced the stimulation of aa-tRNA and, to a lesser extent, also the effect of the C-C-A-aa as well as the basic activity of the EF-Tu x kirromycin GTPase. The extent of the stimulation by aa-tRNA, and even more by C-C-A-aa, depends on the nature of the amino acid. Among the aminoacyl side chains tested (Arg-, Phe-, Val-, Met-, Leu-, Lys-) arginine was found to be the most active and leucine the least. Our results show that (a) the 3' aminoacylated extremity is of prime importance for the stimulation of the EF-Tu GTPase, (b) in the 3' extremity there are critical sequences for the interaction with EF-Tu and (c) other domains of the aa-tRNA molecule are capable of influencing this reaction: one of the most important is the region including the T psi C loop and stem.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bhuta P, Chládek S. Effect of thiostrepton and 3'-terminal fragments of aminoacyl-tRNA on EF-Tu and ribosome-dependent GTP hydrolysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1982; 698:167-72. [PMID: 6127109 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(82)90132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the antibiotics thiostrepton and micrococcin on EF-Tu-catalyzed (ribosome-dependent) GTP hydrolysis in the presence of A-Phe, C-A-Phe, or C-C-A-Phe (related to the sequence of the 3'-terminus of aminoacyl-tRNA)(System I) or by methanol ('uncoupled GTPase', System II) was investigated. In System I, thiostrepton increases the binding affinities of the effectors to the EF-Tu.GTP.70 S ribosome complex, as well as the extent of the GTP hydrolysis, while the KmGTP is virtually unchanged. Similarly, in the uncoupled system (System II) and in the absence of effectors, thiostrepton significantly increases VmaxGTP, whereas KmGTP remains unaffected. Micrococcin is without any effect in both systems. The 'uncoupled GTPase' (in System II) is also strongly inhibited by C-A-Phe. The results indicate the crucial role of the EF-Tu site which binds the aminoacylated C-C-A terminus of aminoacyl-tRNA in promoting GTP hydrolysis. It follows that the binding of the model effectors (such as C-C-A-Phe) to that site is favorably influenced by the interaction of thiostrepton with the 50 S ribosomal subunit, whereas thiostrepton, per se, does not influence the affinity of EF-Tu for GTP.
Collapse
|