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Inouye S, Sato JI, Sahara-Miura Y, Hisada S. The calcium-binding photoprotein clytin II: Expression of the preferred human codon-optimized clytin II gene in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells and its use in the G-protein-coupled receptor assays. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 220:106481. [PMID: 38583788 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Clytin II (CLII) is a Ca2+-binding photoprotein and has been identified as an isotype of clytin I (CLI). CLII consists of apoCLII (an apoprotein) and 2-peroxide of coelenterazine (an adduct of molecular oxygen to coelenterazine), which is identical to the widely used Ca2+-binding photoprotein, aequorin (AQ). However, CLII triggered by Ca2+ exhibits a 4.5-fold higher maximum luminescence intensity (Imax) compared to both AQ and CLI, and it is approximately 5 times less sensitive to Ca2+ than AQ. To confirm the suitability of the preferred human codon-optimized CLII (pCLII) gene for cell-based G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) assays, a transformant stably expressing apoprotein of pCLII using the pCLII gene in the mitochondria of CHO-K1 cells was established and in situ regenerated pCLII in the cells were applied to the high-throughput screening system. An ATP-stimulated GPCR assay for endogenous P2Y purinergic receptors was confirmed using the established stable transformant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inouye
- Yokohama Research Center, JNC Co., 5-1 Okawa, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-8605, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Sato
- Yokohama Research Center, JNC Co., 5-1 Okawa, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-8605, Japan
| | - Yuiko Sahara-Miura
- Yokohama Research Center, JNC Co., 5-1 Okawa, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-8605, Japan
| | - Sunao Hisada
- Hamamatsu Photonics, K.K. Systems Division, Joko-cho, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3196, Japan
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2
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Natashin PV, Burakova LP, Kovaleva MI, Shevtsov MB, Dmitrieva DA, Eremeeva EV, Markova SV, Mishin AV, Borshchevskiy VI, Vysotski ES. The Role of Tyr-His-Trp Triad and Water Molecule Near the N1-Atom of 2-Hydroperoxycoelenterazine in Bioluminescence of Hydromedusan Photoproteins: Structural and Mutagenesis Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076869. [PMID: 37047842 PMCID: PMC10095345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydromedusan photoproteins responsible for the bioluminescence of a variety of marine jellyfish and hydroids are a unique biochemical system recognized as a stable enzyme-substrate complex consisting of apoprotein and preoxygenated coelenterazine, which is tightly bound in the protein inner cavity. The binding of calcium ions to the photoprotein molecule is only required to initiate the light emission reaction. Although numerous experimental and theoretical studies on the bioluminescence of these photoproteins were performed, many features of their functioning are yet unclear. In particular, which ionic state of dioxetanone intermediate decomposes to yield a coelenteramide in an excited state and the role of the water molecule residing in a proximity to the N1 atom of 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine in the bioluminescence reaction are still under discussion. With the aim to elucidate the function of this water molecule as well as to pinpoint the amino acid residues presumably involved in the protonation of the primarily formed dioxetanone anion, we constructed a set of single and double obelin and aequorin mutants with substitutions of His, Trp, Tyr, and Ser to residues with different properties of side chains and investigated their bioluminescence properties (specific activity, bioluminescence spectra, stopped-flow kinetics, and fluorescence spectra of Ca2+-discharged photoproteins). Moreover, we determined the spatial structure of the obelin mutant with a substitution of His64, the key residue of the presumable proton transfer, to Phe. On the ground of the bioluminescence properties of the obelin and aequorin mutants as well as the spatial structures of the obelin mutants with the replacements of His64 and Tyr138, the conclusion was made that, in fact, His residue of the Tyr-His-Trp triad and the water molecule perform the "catalytic function" by transferring the proton from solvent to the dioxetanone anion to generate its neutral ionic state in complex with water, as only the decomposition of this form of dioxetanone can provide the highest light output in the light-emitting reaction of the hydromedusan photoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Natashin
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Ludmila P Burakova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Margarita I Kovaleva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Mikhail B Shevtsov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Daria A Dmitrieva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Elena V Eremeeva
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Markova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Alexey V Mishin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Valentin I Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - Eugene S Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
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3
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Serrat R, Oliveira-Pinto A, Marsicano G, Pouvreau S. Imaging mitochondrial calcium dynamics in the central nervous system. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 373:109560. [PMID: 35320763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium handling is a particularly active research area in the neuroscience field, as it plays key roles in the regulation of several functions of the central nervous system, such as synaptic transmission and plasticity, astrocyte calcium signaling, neuronal activity… In the last few decades, a panel of techniques have been developed to measure mitochondrial calcium dynamics, relying mostly on photonic microscopy, and including synthetic sensors, hybrid sensors and genetically encoded calcium sensors. The goal of this review is to endow the reader with a deep knowledge of the historical and latest tools to monitor mitochondrial calcium events in the brain, as well as a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in brain mitochondrial calcium signaling. We will discuss the main calcium probes used in the field, their mitochondrial targeting strategies, their key properties and major drawbacks. In addition, we will detail the main roles of mitochondrial calcium handling in neuronal tissues through an extended report of the recent studies using mitochondrial targeted calcium sensors in neuronal and astroglial cells, in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Serrat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Alexandre Oliveira-Pinto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Sandrine Pouvreau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France.
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Malikova NP, Eremeeva EV, Gulnov DV, Natashin PV, Nemtseva EV, Vysotski ES. Specific Activities of Hydromedusan Ca 2+ -Regulated Photoproteins. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:275-283. [PMID: 34727376 DOI: 10.1111/php.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays the recombinant Ca2+ -regulated photoproteins originating from marine luminous organisms are widely applied to monitor calcium transients in living cells due to their ability to emit light on Ca2+ binding. Here we report the specific activities of the recombinant Ca2+ -regulated photoproteins-aequorin from Aequorea victoria, obelins from Obelia longissima and Obelia geniculata, clytin from Clytia gregaria and mitrocomin from Mitrocoma cellularia. We demonstrate that along with bioluminescence spectra, kinetics of light signals and sensitivities to calcium, these photoproteins also differ in specific activities and consequently in quantum yields of bioluminescent reactions. The highest specific activities were found for obelins and mitrocomin, whereas those of aequorin and clytin were shown to be lower. To determine the factors influencing the variations in specific activities the fluorescence quantum yields for Ca2+ -discharged photoproteins were measured and found to be quite different varying in the range of 0.16-0.36. We propose that distinctions in specific activities may result from different efficiencies of singlet excited state generation and different fluorescence quantum yields of coelenteramide bound within substrate-binding cavity. This in turn may be conditioned by variations in the amino acid environment of the substrate-binding cavities and hydrogen bond distances between key residues and atoms of 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia P Malikova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elena V Eremeeva
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Gulnov
- Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Pavel V Natashin
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elena V Nemtseva
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Eugene S Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Tomilin FN, Rogova AV, Burakova LP, Tchaikovskaya ON, Avramov PV, Fedorov DG, Vysotski ES. Unusual shift in the visible absorption spectrum of an active ctenophore photoprotein elucidated by time-dependent density functional theory. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:10.1007/s43630-021-00039-5. [PMID: 33834429 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Active hydromedusan and ctenophore Ca2+-regulated photoproteins form complexes consisting of apoprotein and strongly non-covalently bound 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine (an oxygenated intermediate of coelenterazine). Whereas the absorption maximum of hydromedusan photoproteins is at 460-470 nm, ctenophore photoproteins absorb at 437 nm. Finding out a physical reason for this blue shift is the main objective of this work, and, to achieve it, the whole structure of the protein-substrate complex was optimized using a linear scaling quantum-mechanical method. Electronic excitations pertinent to the spectra of the 2-hydroperoxy adduct of coelenterazine were simulated with time-dependent density functional theory. The dihedral angle of 60° of the 6-(p-hydroxy)-phenyl group relative to the imidazopyrazinone core of 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine molecule was found to be the key factor determining the absorption of ctenophore photoproteins at 437 nm. The residues relevant to binding of the substrate and its adopting the particular rotation were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix N Tomilin
- Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Akademgorodok 50/38, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79 pr., Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
- National Research Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 36, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Rogova
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79 pr., Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
| | - Ludmila P Burakova
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79 pr., Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Akademgorodok 50/50, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Olga N Tchaikovskaya
- National Research Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 36, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Pavel V Avramov
- Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Dmitri G Fedorov
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Eugene S Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Akademgorodok 50/50, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.
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6
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Astani EK, Ersali S, Lee YC, Lin PJ, Huang YC, Huang PY, Jafarian V, Hosseinkhani S, Chen CJ. Determination and evaluation of secondary structure content derived from calcium-induced conformational changes in wild-type and mutant mnemiopsin 2 by synchrotron-based Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140528. [PMID: 32853773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mnemiopsin 2 from a luminous ctenophore with two functional EF-hand motifs is a calcium-regulated photoprotein that is responsible for emitting a bright blue bioluminescence upon reacting with coelenterazine and calcium ions in Mnemiopsis leidyi. Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared (SR-FTIR) spectroscopy was applied to analyze the distribution of secondary structures, the conformational changes resulting from calcium binding and the structural stabilities in wild-type mnemiopsin 2, as well as its mutant type that possesses three EF-hand motifs. The distribution of secondary structures of these proteins indicates that mutant apo-mnemiopsin 2 has a more stable secondary structure than the wild-type. Analyses of the SR-FTIR spectra revealed that the conformational changes at the secondary structures of both mnemiopsin 2 depend on the calcium concentrations, such that the most noticeable changes in structures of wild-type and mutant mnemiopsin 2 occur at optimum concentrations 6 and 2 mM of calcium chloride, respectively. The addition of calcium to both proteins increases the proportions of their secondary structures in the amide I and II regions. The major amide I bands in the IR spectra of both mnemiopsin‑calcium complexes shift towards smaller wavenumbers, whereas their main amide II bands are identified at larger wavenumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe K Astani
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran
| | - Sara Ersali
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania
| | - Yao-Chang Lee
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Lin
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan; Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chieh Huang
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Huang
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Vahab Jafarian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran.
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan; Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
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7
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Burakova LP, Vysotski ES. Recombinant Ca 2+-regulated photoproteins of ctenophores: current knowledge and application prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5929-5946. [PMID: 31172204 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bright bioluminescence of ctenophores is conditioned by Ca2+-regulated photoproteins. Although they share many properties characteristic of hydromedusan Ca2+-regulated photoproteins responsible for light emission of marine animals belonging to phylum Cnidaria, a substantial distinction still exists. The ctenophore photoproteins appeared to be extremely sensitive to light-they lose the ability for bioluminescence on exposure to light over the entire absorption spectrum. Inactivation is irreversible because keeping the inactivated photoprotein in the dark does not recover its activity. The capability to emit light can be restored only by incubation of inactivated photoprotein with coelenterazine in the dark at alkaline pH in the presence of oxygen. Although these photoproteins were discovered many years ago, only the cloning of cDNAs encoding these unique bioluminescent proteins in the early 2000s has provided a new impetus for their studies. To date, cDNAs encoding Ca2+-regulated photoproteins from four different species of luminous ctenophores have been cloned. The amino acid sequences of ctenophore photoproteins turned out to completely differ from those of hydromedusan photoproteins (identity less than 29%) though also similar to them having three EF-hand Ca2+-binding sites. At the same time, these photoproteins reveal the same two-domain scaffold characteristic of hydromedusan photoproteins. This review is an attempt to systemize and critically evaluate the data scattered through various articles regarding the structural features of recombinant light-sensitive Ca2+-regulated photoproteins of ctenophores and their bioluminescent and physicochemical properties as well as to compare them with those of hydromedusan photoproteins. In addition, we also discuss the prospects of their biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila P Burakova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Eugene S Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.
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Fernandez-Sanz C, De la Fuente S, Sheu SS. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ concentrations in live cells: quantification methods and discrepancies. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1528-1541. [PMID: 31058316 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ signaling controls numerous cellular functions. Mitochondria respond to cytosolic Ca2+ changes by adapting mitochondrial functions and, in some cell types, shaping the spatiotemporal properties of the cytosolic Ca2+ signal. Numerous methods have been developed to specifically and quantitatively measure the mitochondrial-free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+ ]m ), but there are still significant discrepancies in the calculated absolute values of [Ca2+ ]m in stimulated live cells. These discrepancies may be due to the distinct properties of the methods used to measure [Ca2+ ]m , the calcium-free/bound ratio, and the cell-type and stimulus-dependent Ca2+ dynamics. Critical processes happening in the mitochondria, such as ATP generation, ROS homeostasis, and mitochondrial permeability transition opening, depend directly on the [Ca2+ ]m values. Thus, precise determination of absolute [Ca2+ ]m values is imperative for understanding Ca2+ signaling. This review summarizes the reported calibrated [Ca2+ ]m values in many cell types and discusses the discrepancies among these values. Areas for future research are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Fernandez-Sanz
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sergio De la Fuente
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Eremeeva EV, Vysotski ES. Exploring Bioluminescence Function of the Ca2+
-regulated Photoproteins with Site-directed Mutagenesis. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:8-23. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Eremeeva
- Photobiology Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics SB RAS; Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”; Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Eugene S. Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics SB RAS; Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”; Krasnoyarsk Russia
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10
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Sharifian S, Homaei A, Hemmati R, B Luwor R, Khajeh K. The emerging use of bioluminescence in medical research. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:74-86. [PMID: 29477474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence is the light produced by a living organism and is commonly emitted by sea life with Ca2+-regulated photoproteins being the most responsible for bioluminescence emission. Marine coelenterates provide important functions involved in essential purposes such as defense, feeding, and breeding. In this review, the main characteristics of marine photoproteins including aequorin, clytin, obelin, berovin, pholasin and symplectin from different marine organisms will be discussed. We will focused on the recent use of recombinant photoproteins in different biomedical research fields including the measurement of Ca2+ in different intracellular compartments of animal cells, as labels in the design and development of binding assays. This review will also outline how bioluminescent photoproteins have been used in a plethora of analytical methods including ultra-sensitive assays and in vivo imaging of cellular processes. Due to their unique properties including elective intracellular distribution, wide dynamic range, high signal-to-noise ratio and low Ca2+-buffering effect, recombinant photoproteins represent a promising future analytical tool in several in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Sharifian
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Roohullah Hemmati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, Level 5, Clinical Sciences Building, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Kaskova ZM, Tsarkova AS, Yampolsky IV. 1001 lights: luciferins, luciferases, their mechanisms of action and applications in chemical analysis, biology and medicine. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:6048-6077. [PMID: 27711774 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00296j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence (BL) is a spectacular phenomenon involving light emission by live organisms. It is caused by the oxidation of a small organic molecule, luciferin, with molecular oxygen, which is catalysed by the enzyme luciferase. In nature, there are approximately 30 different BL systems, of which only 9 have been studied to various degrees in terms of their reaction mechanisms. A vast range of in vitro and in vivo analytical techniques have been developed based on BL, including tests for different analytes, immunoassays, gene expression assays, drug screening, bioimaging of live organisms, cancer studies, the investigation of infectious diseases and environmental monitoring. This review aims to cover the major existing applications for bioluminescence in the context of the diversity of luciferases and their substrates, luciferins. Particularly, the properties and applications of d-luciferin, coelenterazine, bacterial, Cypridina and dinoflagellate luciferins and their analogues along with their corresponding luciferases are described. Finally, four other rarely studied bioluminescent systems (those of limpet Latia, earthworms Diplocardia and Fridericia and higher fungi), which are promising for future use, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinaida M Kaskova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia. and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Aleksandra S Tsarkova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia. and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ilia V Yampolsky
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia. and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
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12
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Bioluminescent and biochemical properties of Cys-free Ca 2+ -regulated photoproteins obelin and aequorin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 174:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Bakayan A, Domingo B, Vaquero CF, Peyriéras N, Llopis J. Fluorescent Protein-photoprotein Fusions and Their Applications in Calcium Imaging. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:448-465. [PMID: 27925224 DOI: 10.1111/php.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-activated photoproteins, such as aequorin, have been used as luminescent Ca2+ indicators since 1967. After the cloning of aequorin in 1985, microinjection was substituted by its heterologous expression, which opened the way for a widespread use. Molecular fusion of green fluorescent protein (GFP) to aequorin recapitulated the nonradiative energy transfer process that occurs in the jellyfish Aequorea victoria, from which these two proteins were obtained, resulting in an increase of light emission and a shift to longer wavelength. The abundance and location of the chimera are seen by fluorescence, whereas its luminescence reports Ca2+ levels. GFP-aequorin is broadly used in an increasing number of studies, from organelles and cells to intact organisms. By fusing other fluorescent proteins to aequorin, the available luminescence color palette has been expanded for multiplexing assays and for in vivo measurements. In this report, we will attempt to review the various photoproteins available, their reported fusions with fluorescent proteins and their biological applications to image Ca2+ dynamics in organelles, cells, tissue explants and in live organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Bakayan
- BioEmergences Unit (CNRS, USR3695), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Beatriz Domingo
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB) and Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Cecilia F Vaquero
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB) and Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Nadine Peyriéras
- BioEmergences Unit (CNRS, USR3695), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Juan Llopis
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB) and Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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Eremeeva EV, Bartsev SI, van Berkel WJH, Vysotski ES. Unanimous Model for Describing the Fast Bioluminescence Kinetics of Ca2+-regulated Photoproteins of Different Organisms. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 93:495-502. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Eremeeva
- Photobiology Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics SB RAS; Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”; Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Sergey I. Bartsev
- Theoretical Biophysics Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics SB RAS; Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”; Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | | | - Eugene S. Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics SB RAS; Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”; Krasnoyarsk Russia
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15
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Malikova NP, Borgdorff AJ, Vysotski ES. Semisynthetic photoprotein reporters for tracking fast Ca(2+) transients. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 14:2213-24. [PMID: 26508209 DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00328h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the intracellular concentration of free ionized calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) control a host of cellular processes as varied as vision, muscle contraction, neuronal signal transmission, proliferation, apoptosis etc. The disturbance in Ca(2+)-signaling causes many severe diseases. To understand the mechanisms underlying the control by calcium and how disorder of this regulation relates to pathological conditions, it is necessary to measure [Ca(2+)]i. The Ca(2+)-regulated photoproteins which are responsible for bioluminescence of marine coelenterates have been successfully used for this purpose over the years. Here we report the results on comparative characterization of bioluminescence properties of aequorin from Aequorea victoria, obelin from Obelia longissima, and clytin from Clytia gregaria charged by native coelenterazine and coelenterazine analogues f, i, and hcp. The comparison of specific bioluminescence activity, stability, emission spectra, stopped-flow kinetics, sensitivity to calcium, and effect of physiological concentrations of Mg(2+) establishes obelin-hcp as an excellent semisynthetic photoprotein to keep track of fast intracellular Ca(2+) transients. The rate of rise of its light signal on a sudden change of [Ca(2+)] is almost 3- and 11-fold higher than those of obelin and aequorin with native coelenterazine, respectively, and 20 times higher than that of the corresponding aequorin-hcp. In addition, obelin-hcp preserves a high specific bioluminescence activity and displays higher Ca(2+)-sensitivity as compared to obelin charged by native coelenterazine and sensitivity to Ca(2+) comparable with those of aequorin-f and aequorin-hcp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia P Malikova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Aren J Borgdorff
- Institut des Neurosciences Alfred Fessard, UPR 3294, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Eugene S Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
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16
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Burakova LP, Natashin PV, Markova SV, Eremeeva EV, Malikova NP, Cheng C, Liu ZJ, Vysotski ES. Mitrocomin from the jellyfish Mitrocoma cellularia with deleted C-terminal tyrosine reveals a higher bioluminescence activity compared to wild type photoprotein. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:286-297. [PMID: 27395792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The full-length cDNA genes encoding five new isoforms of Ca(2+)-regulated photoprotein mitrocomin from a small tissue sample of the outer bell margin containing photocytes of only one specimen of the luminous jellyfish Mitrocoma cellularia were cloned, sequenced, and characterized after their expression in Escherichia coli and subsequent purification. The analysis of cDNA nucleotide sequences encoding mitrocomin isoforms allowed suggestion that two isoforms might be the products of two allelic genes differing in one amino acid residue (64R/Q) whereas other isotypes appear as a result of transcriptional mutations. In addition, the crystal structure of mitrocomin was determined at 1.30Å resolution which expectedly revealed a high similarity with the structures of other hydromedusan photoproteins. Although mitrocomin isoforms reveal a high degree of identity of amino acid sequences, they vary in specific bioluminescence activities. At that, all isotypes displayed the identical bioluminescence spectra (473-474nm with no shoulder at 400nm). Fluorescence spectra of Ca(2+)-discharged mitrocomins were almost identical to their light emission spectra similar to the case of Ca(2+)-discharged aequorin, but different from Ca(2+)-discharged obelins and clytin which fluorescence is red-shifted by 25-30nm from bioluminescence spectra. The main distinction of mitrocomin from other hydromedusan photoproteins is an additional Tyr at the C-terminus. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we showed that this Tyr is not important for bioluminescence because its deletion even increases specific activity and efficiency of apo-mitrocomin conversion into active photoprotein, in contrast to C-terminal Pro of other photoproteins. Since genes in a population generally exist as different isoforms, it makes us anticipate the cloning of even more isoforms of mitrocomin and other hydromedusan photoproteins with different bioluminescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila P Burakova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Pavel V Natashin
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Svetlana V Markova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Elena V Eremeeva
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Natalia P Malikova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Chongyun Cheng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Eugene S Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
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17
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Inouye S, Sahara-Miura Y. Expression and characterization of EF-hand I loop mutants of aequorin replaced with other loop sequences of Ca2+-binding proteins: an approach to studying the EF-hand motif of proteins. J Biochem 2016; 160:59-68. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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18
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Identification of amino acid residues responsible for high initial luminescence intensity in a calcium-binding photoprotein, clytin-II. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 469:300-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Burakova LP, Natashin PV, Malikova NP, Niu F, Pu M, Vysotski ES, Liu ZJ. All Ca2+-binding loops of light-sensitive ctenophore photoprotein berovin bind magnesium ions: The spatial structure of Mg2+-loaded apo-berovin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 154:57-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Characterization of hydromedusan Ca2+-regulated photoproteins as a tool for measurement of Ca2+concentration. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5715-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Natashin PV, Ding W, Eremeeva EV, Markova SV, Lee J, Vysotski ES, Liu ZJ. Structures of the Ca2+-regulated photoprotein obelin Y138F mutant before and after bioluminescence support the catalytic function of a water molecule in the reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:720-32. [DOI: 10.1107/s1399004713032434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-regulated photoproteins, which are responsible for light emission in a variety of marine coelenterates, are a highly valuable tool for measuring Ca2+inside living cells. All of the photoproteins are a single-chain polypeptide to which a 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine molecule is tightly but noncovalently bound. Bioluminescence results from the oxidative decarboxylation of 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine, generating protein-bound coelenteramide in an excited state. Here, the crystal structures of the Y138F obelin mutant before and after bioluminescence are reported at 1.72 and 1.30 Å resolution, respectively. The comparison of the spatial structures of the conformational states of Y138F obelin with those of wild-type obelin gives clear evidence that the substitution of Tyr by Phe does not affect the overall structure of both Y138F obelin and its product following Ca2+discharge compared with the corresponding conformational states of wild-type obelin. Despite the similarity of the overall structures and internal cavities of Y138F and wild-type obelins, there is a substantial difference: in the cavity of Y138F obelin a water molecule corresponding to W2in wild-type obelin is not found. However, in Ca2+-discharged Y138F obelin this water molecule now appears in the same location. This finding, together with the observed much slower kinetics of Y138F obelin, clearly supports the hypothesis that the function of a water molecule in this location is to catalyze the 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine decarboxylation reaction by protonation of a dioxetanone anion before its decomposition into the excited-state product. Although obelin differs from other hydromedusan Ca2+-regulated photoproteins in some of its properties, they are believed to share a common mechanism.
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22
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Natashin PV, Markova SV, Lee J, Vysotski ES, Liu ZJ. Crystal structures of the F88Y obelin mutant before and after bioluminescence provide molecular insight into spectral tuning among hydromedusan photoproteins. FEBS J 2014; 281:1432-1445. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V. Natashin
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules; Institute of Biophysics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- Photobiology Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics; Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch; Krasnoyarsk Russia
- Laboratory of Bioluminescence Biotechnology; Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology; Siberian Federal University; Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Markova
- Photobiology Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics; Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch; Krasnoyarsk Russia
- Laboratory of Bioluminescence Biotechnology; Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology; Siberian Federal University; Russia
| | - John Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - Eugene S. Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics; Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch; Krasnoyarsk Russia
- Laboratory of Bioluminescence Biotechnology; Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology; Siberian Federal University; Russia
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules; Institute of Biophysics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- iHuman Institute; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai China
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Webb SE, Karplus E, Miller AL. Retrospective on the development of aequorin and aequorin-based imaging to visualize changes in intracellular free [Ca2+]. Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 82:563-86. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Webb
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Kowloon Hong Kong
| | | | - Andrew L. Miller
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Kowloon Hong Kong
- Marine Biological Laboratory; Woods Hole Massachusetts
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Role of key residues of obelin in coelenterazine binding and conversion into 2-hydroperoxy adduct. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 127:133-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Eremeeva EV, Markova SV, Frank LA, Visser AJWG, van Berkel WJH, Vysotski ES. Bioluminescent and spectroscopic properties of His-Trp-Tyr triad mutants of obelin and aequorin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013; 12:1016-24. [PMID: 23525241 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp00002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+)-regulated photoproteins are responsible for the bioluminescence of a variety of marine organisms, mostly coelenterates. The photoproteins consist of a single polypeptide chain to which an imidazopyrazinone derivative (2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine) is tightly bound. According to photoprotein spatial structures the side chains of His175, Trp179, and Tyr190 in obelin and His169, Trp173, Tyr184 in aequorin are at distances that allow hydrogen bonding with the peroxide and carbonyl groups of the 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine ligand. We replaced these amino acids in both photoproteins by residues with different hydrogen bond donor-acceptor capacity. All mutants exhibited luciferase-like bioluminescence activity, hardly present in the wild-type photoproteins, and showed low or no photoprotein activity, except for aeqH169Q (24% of wild-type activity), obeW179Y (23%), obeW179F (67%), obeY190F (14%), and aeqY184F (22%). The results clearly support the supposition made from photoprotein spatial structures that the hydrogen bond network formed by His-Trp-Tyr triad participates in stabilizing the 2-hydroperoxy adduct of coelenterazine. These residues are also essential for the positioning of the 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine intermediate, light emitting reaction, and for the formation of active photoprotein. In addition, we demonstrate that although the positions of His-Trp-Tyr residues in aequorin and obelin spatial structures are almost identical the substitution effects might be noticeably different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Eremeeva
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Genomic organization, evolution, and expression of photoprotein and opsin genes in Mnemiopsis leidyi: a new view of ctenophore photocytes. BMC Biol 2012; 10:107. [PMID: 23259493 PMCID: PMC3570280 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-10-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcium-activated photoproteins are luciferase variants found in photocyte cells of bioluminescent jellyfish (Phylum Cnidaria) and comb jellies (Phylum Ctenophora). The complete genomic sequence from the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, a representative of the earliest branch of animals that emit light, provided an opportunity to examine the genome of an organism that uses this class of luciferase for bioluminescence and to look for genes involved in light reception. To determine when photoprotein genes first arose, we examined the genomic sequence from other early-branching taxa. We combined our genomic survey with gene trees, developmental expression patterns, and functional protein assays of photoproteins and opsins to provide a comprehensive view of light production and light reception in Mnemiopsis. Results The Mnemiopsis genome has 10 full-length photoprotein genes situated within two genomic clusters with high sequence conservation that are maintained due to strong purifying selection and concerted evolution. Photoprotein-like genes were also identified in the genomes of the non-luminescent sponge Amphimedon queenslandica and the non-luminescent cnidarian Nematostella vectensis, and phylogenomic analysis demonstrated that photoprotein genes arose at the base of all animals. Photoprotein gene expression in Mnemiopsis embryos begins during gastrulation in migrating precursors to photocytes and persists throughout development in the canals where photocytes reside. We identified three putative opsin genes in the Mnemiopsis genome and show that they do not group with well-known bilaterian opsin subfamilies. Interestingly, photoprotein transcripts are co-expressed with two of the putative opsins in developing photocytes. Opsin expression is also seen in the apical sensory organ. We present evidence that one opsin functions as a photopigment in vitro, absorbing light at wavelengths that overlap with peak photoprotein light emission, raising the hypothesis that light production and light reception may be functionally connected in ctenophore photocytes. We also present genomic evidence of a complete ciliary phototransduction cascade in Mnemiopsis. Conclusions This study elucidates the genomic organization, evolutionary history, and developmental expression of photoprotein and opsin genes in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, introduces a novel dual role for ctenophore photocytes in both bioluminescence and phototransduction, and raises the possibility that light production and light reception are linked in this early-branching non-bilaterian animal.
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Powers ML, McDermott AG, Shaner NC, Haddock SHD. Expression and characterization of the calcium-activated photoprotein from the ctenophore Bathocyroe fosteri: insights into light-sensitive photoproteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 431:360-6. [PMID: 23262181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-binding photoproteins have been discovered in a variety of luminous marine organisms [1]. Recent interest in photoproteins from the phylum Ctenophora has stemmed from cloning and expression of several photoproteins from this group [2-5]. Additional characterization has revealed unique biochemical properties found only in ctenophore photoproteins, such as inactivation by light. Here we report the cloning, expression, and characterization of the photoprotein responsible for luminescence in the deep-sea ctenophore Bathocyroe fosteri. This animal was of particular interest due to the unique broad color spectrum observed in live specimens [6]. Full-length sequences were identified by BLAST searches of known photoprotein sequences against Bathocyroe transcripts obtained from 454 sequencing. Recombinantly expressed Bathocyroe photoprotein (BfosPP) displayed an optimal coelenterazine-loading pH of 8.5, and produced calcium-triggered luminescence with peak wavelengths closely matching the 493 nm peak observed in the spectrum of live B. fosteri specimens. Luminescence from recombinant BfosPP was inactivated most efficiently by UV and blue light. Primary structure alignment of BfosPP with other characterized photoproteins showed very strong sequence similarity to other ctenophore photoproteins and conservation of EF-hand motifs. Both alignment and structural prediction data provide more insight into the formation of the coelenterazine-binding domain and the probable mechanism of photoinactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Powers
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.
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28
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Markova SV, Burakova LP, Golz S, Malikova NP, Frank LA, Vysotski ES. The light-sensitive photoprotein berovin from the bioluminescent ctenophore Beroe abyssicola: a novel type of Ca2+-regulated photoprotein. FEBS J 2012; 279:856-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Titushin MS, Feng Y, Lee J, Vysotski ES, Liu ZJ. Protein-protein complexation in bioluminescence. Protein Cell 2012; 2:957-72. [PMID: 22231355 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-011-1118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we summarize the progress made towards understanding the role of protein-protein interactions in the function of various bioluminescence systems of marine organisms, including bacteria, jellyfish and soft corals, with particular focus on methodology used to detect and characterize these interactions. In some bioluminescence systems, protein-protein interactions involve an "accessory protein" whereby a stored substrate is efficiently delivered to the bioluminescent enzyme luciferase. Other types of complexation mediate energy transfer to an "antenna protein" altering the color and quantum yield of a bioluminescence reaction. Spatial structures of the complexes reveal an important role of electrostatic forces in governing the corresponding weak interactions and define the nature of the interaction surfaces. The most reliable structural model is available for the protein-protein complex of the Ca(2+)-regulated photoprotein clytin and green-fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Clytia gregaria, solved by means of Xray crystallography, NMR mapping and molecular docking. This provides an example of the potential strategies in studying the transient complexes involved in bioluminescence. It is emphasized that structural studies such as these can provide valuable insight into the detailed mechanism of bioluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim S Titushin
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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30
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Toda Y, Okada S, Misaka T. Establishment of a new cell-based assay to measure the activity of sweeteners in fluorescent food extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:12131-12138. [PMID: 21981007 PMCID: PMC3217308 DOI: 10.1021/jf2029835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Taste receptors have been defined at the molecular level in the past decade, and cell-based assays have been developed using cultured cells heterologously expressing these receptors. The most popular approach to detecting the cellular response to a tastant is to measure changes in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration using Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent dyes. However, this method cannot be applied to food-derived samples that contain fluorescent substances. To establish an assay system that would be applicable to fluorescent samples, we tested the use of Ca(2+)-sensitive photoproteins, such as aequorin and mitochondrial clytin-II, as Ca(2+) indicators in a human sweet taste receptor assay. Using these systems, we successfully detected receptor activation in response to sweetener, even when fluorescent compounds coexisted. This luminescence-based assay will be a powerful tool to objectively evaluate the sweetness of food-derived samples even at an industry level.
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A unique EF-hand motif in mnemiopsin photoprotein from Mnemiopsis leidyi: implication for its low calcium sensitivity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 413:164-70. [PMID: 21871870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Up to now, all reported Ca(2+)-regulated photoproteins, except for mnemiopsin, have been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. In this study, the cDNA for an isotype of mnemiopsin, from the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, has been cloned, sequenced, and functionally expressed. The full length cDNA encoding mnemiopsin of M. leidyi was 624 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 207 amino acid residues with calculated molecular mass of ∼24 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 90% and 84% identity to berovine (from ctenophore Beroe abyssicola) and bolinopsin 2 (from the ctenophore Bolinopsis infundibulum) respectively. In contrast to all known EF-hand in photoproteins, a unique EF-hand motif was found in mnemiopsin, in which a conserved glycine is substituted with glutamic acid. According to the results, the optimum pH was 9.0, time course of regeneration was 15 h and its Ca(2+) sensitivity was lower than aequorin. Results of pK(a) calculation for ionizable residues, motif scan and hydrophobic interactions of cavity aromatic residues of mnemiopsin in comparison with aequorin showed different patterns in these two photoproteins. In addition, experimental results are confirmed with the theoretical studies.
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Markova SV, Burakova LP, Frank LA, Golz S, Korostileva KA, Vysotski ES. Green-fluorescent protein from the bioluminescent jellyfish Clytia gregaria: cDNA cloning, expression, and characterization of novel recombinant protein. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:757-65. [PMID: 20442953 DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The bioluminescent systems of many marine organisms are comprised of two proteins--the Ca(2+)-regulated photoprotein and green-fluorescent protein (GFP). This work reports the cloning of the full-size cDNA encoding GFP (cgreGFP) from jellyfish Clytia gregaria, its expression and properties of the recombinant protein. The overall degree of identity between the amino acid sequence of the novel cgreGFP and the sequence of GFP (avGFP) from Aequorea victoria is 42% (similarity--64%) despite these GFPs originating from jellyfish that both belong to the same class, Hydrozoa. However although the degree of identity is low, three residues, Ser-Tyr-Gly, which form the chromophore are identical in both GFPs. The cgreGFP displayed two absorption peaks at 278 and 485 nm, and the fluorescence maximum at 500 nm. The fluorescence quantum yield was determined to be 0.86, the brightness to be 54 mM(-1) cm(-1). For the first time we have also demonstrated an efficient radiationless energy transfer in vitro between clytin and cgreGFP in solution at micromolar concentrations. The cgreGFP may be a useful intracellular fluorescent marker, as it was able to be expressed in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Markova
- Photobiology Lab, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch, Akademgorodok 50, Bldg. 50, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
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Tsuji FI. Early history, discovery, and expression of Aequorea green fluorescent protein, with a note on an unfinished experiment. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 73:785-96. [PMID: 20169618 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The bioluminescent hydromedusan jellyfish, Aequorea victoria, emits a greenish light (lambda(max) = 508 nm) when stimulated electrically or mechanically. The light comes from photocytes located along the margin of its umbrella. The greenish light depends on two intracellular proteins working in consort: aequorin (21.4 kDa) and a green fluorescent protein (27 kDa). An excited state green fluorescent protein molecule results, which, on returning to the ground state, emits a greenish light. Similarly, a green light emission may be induced in the green fluorescent protein by exposing it to ultraviolet or blue light. Because the green light can be readily detected under a fluorescence microscope, the green fluorescent protein, tagged to a protein of interest, has been used widely as a marker to locate proteins in cells and to monitoring gene expression. This article reviews the work that took place leading to the discovery, cloning, and expression of the green fluorescent protein, with a note on an unfinished experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick I Tsuji
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0202, USA.
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Abstract
Bioluminescence spans all oceanic dimensions and has evolved many times--from bacteria to fish--to powerfully influence behavioral and ecosystem dynamics. New methods and technology have brought great advances in understanding of the molecular basis of bioluminescence, its physiological control, and its significance in marine communities. Novel tools derived from understanding the chemistry of natural light-producing molecules have led to countless valuable applications, culminating recently in a related Nobel Prize. Marine organisms utilize bioluminescence for vital functions ranging from defense to reproduction. To understand these interactions and the distributions of luminous organisms, new instruments and platforms allow observations on individual to oceanographic scales. This review explores recent advances, including the chemical and molecular, phylogenetic and functional, community and oceanographic aspects of bioluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H D Haddock
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California 95039, USA.
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Expression and purification of the calcium binding photoprotein mitrocomin using ZZ-domain as a soluble partner in E. coli cells. Protein Expr Purif 2009; 66:52-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Belogurova NV, Kudryasheva NS, Alieva RR, Sizykh AG. Spectral components of bioluminescence of aequorin and obelin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2008; 92:117-22. [PMID: 18602272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Complex bioluminescence spectra of photoproteins from marine coelenterates - jellyfish Aequorea victoria and hydroid Obelia longissima, and photoluminescence spectra of the bioluminescent reaction products (Ca(2+)-discharged photoproteins) were deconvolved into components. The bioluminescence spectra of aequorin were found to include three, the bioluminescence spectra of obelin - four, and the photoluminescence spectra of the Ca(2+)-discharged photoproteins - only two components. The spectral components were assigned to one unionized and three ionized forms of coelenteramide. The changes in acidity of the excited coelenteramide molecule are discussed. The differences in bioluminescence and photoluminescence spectra are considered, with protonic environment of coelenteramide taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V Belogurova
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660043, Russia.
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Inouye S. Cloning, Expression, Purification and Characterization of an Isotype of Clytin, a Calcium-Binding Photoprotein from the Luminous Hydromedusa Clytia gregarium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 143:711-7. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvn024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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38
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Inouye S, Sahara Y. Expression, purification and characterization of a photoprotein, clytin, from Clytia gregarium. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 53:384-9. [PMID: 17275329 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel histidine-tagged secretion vector in Escherichia coli was constructed and large amounts of highly pure clytin, a calcium-binding photoprotein, was prepared. The histidine-tagged apoclytin expressed into the periplasmic space in E. coli was purified by nickel chelate affinity chromatography. Recombinant clytin was regenerated from apoclytin by incubation with coelenterazine in the presence of dithiothreitol and then purified by anion-exchange chromatography and hydrophobic chromatography. The yield of recombinant clytin was 20mg from 2L of cultured cells with purity greater than 95%. Luminescence properties of recombinant clytin were identical to that of native clytin (phialidin). The Ca(2+) sensitivity of recombinant clytin is lower than that of aequorin and clytin is suited for measuring higher concentration of Ca(2+). Semi-synthetic clytins were also prepared with coelenterazine analogues, and the initial intensity, luminescence capacity and half decay time were characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inouye
- Yokohama Research Center, Chisso Corporation, 5-1 Okawa, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8605, Japan.
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Tsuzuki K, Tricoire L, Courjean O, Gibelin N, Rossier J, Lambolez B. Thermostable Mutants of the Photoprotein Aequorin Obtained by in Vitro Evolution. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:34324-31. [PMID: 15972815 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m505303200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aequorin is a photoprotein that emits light upon binding calcium. Aequorin mutants showing increased intensity or slow decay of bioluminescence were isolated by in vitro evolution combining DNA shuffling and functional screening in bacteria. Luminescence decay mutants were isolated at the first round of screening and carried mutations located in EF-hand calcium binding sites or their vicinity. During in vitro evolution, the luminescence intensity of the population of mutants increased with the frequency of effective mutations whereas the frequency of other amino acid substitutions remained roughly stable. Luminescence intensity mutations neighbored the His-16 or His-169 coelenterazine binding residues or were located in the first EF-hand. None of the selected mutants exhibited an increase in photon yield when examined in a cell-free assay. However, we observed that two mutants, Q168R and L170I, exhibited an increase of the photoprotein lifetime at 37 degrees C that may underlie their high luminescence intensity in bacteria. Further analysis of Q168R and L170I mutations showed that they increased aequorin thermostability. Conversely, examination of luminescence decay mutants revealed that the F149S substitution decreased aequorin thermostability. Finally, screening of a library of random Gln-168 and Leu-170 mutants confirmed the involvement of both positions in thermostability and indicated that optimal thermostability was conferred by Q168R and L170I mutations selected through in vitro evolution. Our results suggest that Phe-149 and Gln-168 residues participate in stabilization of the coelenterazine peroxide and the triggering of photon emission by linking the third EF-hand to Trp-129 and His-169 coelenterazine binding residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tsuzuki
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Diversité Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7637, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 75005 Paris, France
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Deguchi R, Kondoh E, Itoh J. Spatiotemporal characteristics and mechanisms of intracellular Ca(2+) increases at fertilization in eggs of jellyfish (Phylum Cnidaria, Class Hydrozoa). Dev Biol 2005; 279:291-307. [PMID: 15733659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2004] [Revised: 11/03/2004] [Accepted: 11/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have clarified, for the first time, the spatiotemporal patterns of intracellular Ca(2+) increases at fertilization and the Ca(2+)-mobilizing mechanisms in eggs of hydrozoan jellyfish, which belong to the evolutionarily old diploblastic phylum, Cnidaria. An initial Ca(2+) increase just after fertilization took the form of a Ca(2+) wave starting from one cortical region of the egg and propagating to its antipode in all of four hydrozoan species tested: Cytaeis uchidae, Cladonema pacificum, Clytia sp., and Gonionema vertens. The initiation site of the Ca(2+) wave was restricted to the animal pole, which is known to be the only area of sperm-egg fusion in hydrozoan eggs, and the wave propagating velocity was estimated to be 4.2-5.9 mum/s. After a Ca(2+) peak had been attained by the initial Ca(2+) wave, the elevated Ca(2+) gradually declined and returned nearly to the resting value at 7-10 min following fertilization. Injection of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)), an agonist of IP(3) receptors (IP(3)R), was highly effective in inducing a Ca(2+) increase in unfertilized eggs; IP(3) at a final intracellular concentration of 12-60 nM produced a fully propagating Ca(2+) wave equivalent to that observed at fertilization. In contrast, a higher concentration of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), an agonist of ryanodine receptors (RyR), only generated a localized Ca(2+) increase that did not propagate in the egg. In addition, caffeine, another stimulator of RyR, was completely without effect. Sperm-induced Ca(2+) increases in Gonionema eggs were severely affected by preinjection of heparin, an inhibitor of Ca(2+) release from IP(3)R. These results strongly suggest that there is a well-developed IP(3)R-, but not RyR-mediated Ca(2+) release mechanism in hydrozoan eggs and that the former system primarily functions at fertilization. Our present data also demonstrate that the spatial characteristics and mechanisms of Ca(2+) increases at fertilization in hydrozoan eggs resemble those reported in higher triploblastic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusaku Deguchi
- Department of Biology, Miyagi University of Education, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan.
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Deng L, Vysotski ES, Markova SV, Liu ZJ, Lee J, Rose J, Wang BC. All three Ca2+-binding loops of photoproteins bind calcium ions: the crystal structures of calcium-loaded apo-aequorin and apo-obelin. Protein Sci 2005; 14:663-75. [PMID: 15689515 PMCID: PMC2279293 DOI: 10.1110/ps.041142905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structures of calcium-loaded apo-aequorin and apo-obelin have been determined at resolutions 1.7A and 2.2 A, respectively. A calcium ion is observed in each of the three EF-hand loops that have the canonical calcium-binding sequence, and each is coordinated in the characteristic pentagonal bipyramidal configuration. The calcium-loaded apo-protein retain the same compact scaffold and overall fold as the unreacted photoproteins containing the bound substrate, 2-hyroperoxycoelenterazine, and also the same as the Ca2+-discharged obelin bound with product, coleneteramide. Nevertheless, there are easily discerned shifts in both helix and loop regions, and the shifts are not the same between the two proteins. It is suggested that these photoproteins to sense Ca2+ concentration transients and to produce their bioluminescence response on the millisecond timescale. A mechanism of intrastructural transmission of the calcium signal is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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43
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Stepanyuk GA, Golz S, Markova SV, Frank LA, Lee J, Vysotski ES. Interchange of aequorin and obelin bioluminescence color is determined by substitution of one active site residue of each photoprotein. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:1008-14. [PMID: 15710383 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2004] [Revised: 01/03/2005] [Accepted: 01/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The bioluminescence spectra from the Ca2+-regulated photoproteins aequorin (lambdamax=469 nm) and obelin (lambdamax=482 nm) differ because aequorin has an H-bond from its Tyr82 to the bound coelenteramide, not present in obelin at the corresponding Phe88. Substitutions of this Phe88 by Tyr, Trp, or His shifted the obelin bioluminescence to shorter wavelength with F88Y having lambdamax=453 nm. Removal of the H-bond by the substitution of Y82F in aequorin shifted its bioluminescence to lambdamax=501 nm. All mutants were stable with good activity and were expressible in mammalian cells, thereby demonstrating potential for monitoring multiple events in cells using multi-color detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina A Stepanyuk
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
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Vysotski ES, Lee J. Ca2+-regulated photoproteins: structural insight into the bioluminescence mechanism. Acc Chem Res 2004; 37:405-15. [PMID: 15196050 DOI: 10.1021/ar0400037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bioluminescent jellyfish has contributed two famous proteins to modern science: green fluorescent protein or GFP, which finds wide use as a probe in cell biology studies, and aequorin, which has been used for intracellular calcium measurement for more than 30 years. More recently, obelin, a protein from the bioluminescent hydroid and also in the family of what are called "Ca2+-regulated photoproteins", has been shown to have very attractive properties both in general applications and for basic structural biology investigations. This review will survey the new information into their molecular mechanism of bioluminescence action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene S Vysotski
- Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
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Markova SV, Vysotski ES, Blinks JR, Burakova LP, Wang BC, Lee J. Obelin from the bioluminescent marine hydroid Obelia geniculata: cloning, expression, and comparison of some properties with those of other Ca2+-regulated photoproteins. Biochemistry 2002; 41:2227-36. [PMID: 11841214 DOI: 10.1021/bi0117910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding the Ca2+-regulated photoprotein of the bioluminescent marine hydroid Obelia geniculata was cloned and sequenced. The cDNA is a 774 bp fragment containing two overlapping open reading frames, one of which contained 585 bp encoding a 195 amino acid polypeptide which obviously has the primary structure of the apoprotein of a calcium-regulated photoprotein. Many of the residues are identical to those in other Ca2+-regulated photoproteins: 86% compared with that from Obelia longissima, 76% with that from Clytia (Phialidium), 64% with that from Aequorea, and 64% with that from Mitrocoma(Halistaura). The obelin from O. geniculata was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, refolded from inclusion bodies, and purified. The yield of highly purified recombinant protein was 55-80 mg/L of LB medium. O. geniculata obelin has absorption maxima at 280 and 460 nm and a shoulder at approximately 310 nm. The calcium-discharged protein loses visible absorption but exhibits a new absorption maximum at 343 nm. The bioluminescence of the obelin from O. geniculata is blue (lambda(max) = 495 nm). In contrast, the fluorescence of the calcium-discharged protein is yellow-green (lambda(max) = 520 nm; excitation at 340 nm). This is in sharp contrast to aequorin in which the bioluminescence and fluorescence emission spectra of the calcium-discharged protein are almost identical (lambda(max) = 465 nm). The Ca2+ concentration-effect curve for O. geniculata obelin is similar to those of many other photoproteins: at [Ca2+] below approximately 10(-8) M, calcium-independent luminescence is observed, and at [Ca2+] approximately 10(-3) M, the luminescence reaches a maximum. Between these extremes, the curve spans a vertical range of almost 8 log units with a maximum slope on a log-log plot of about 2.5. In the absence of Mg2+ the rate constant for the rise of bioluminescence determined by the stopped-flow technique is about 450 s(-1). The effects of Mg2+ on the kinetics of bioluminescence are complicated, but at all concentrations studied they are relatively small compared to the corresponding effects on aequorin luminescence. At least with respect to speed and sensitivity to Mg2+, the obelins from both O. longissima and O. geniculata would appear to be more suitable than aequorin for use as intracellular Ca2+ indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Markova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
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Haddock SH, Rivers TJ, Robison BH. Can coelenterates make coelenterazine? Dietary requirement for luciferin in cnidarian bioluminescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:11148-51. [PMID: 11572972 PMCID: PMC58698 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.201329798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the calcium-activated photoprotein aequorin, light is produced by the oxidation of coelenterazine, the luciferin used by at least seven marine phyla. However, despite extensive research on photoproteins, there has been no evidence to indicate the origin of coelenterazine within the phylum Cnidaria. Here we report that the hydromedusa Aequorea victoria is unable to produce its own coelenterazine and is dependent on a dietary supply of this luciferin for bioluminescence. Although they contain functional apophotoproteins, medusae reared on a luciferin-free diet are unable to produce light unless provided with coelenterazine from an external source. This evidence regarding the origins of luciferin in Cnidaria has implications for the evolution of bioluminescence and for the extensive use of coelenterazine among marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Haddock
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- S Inouye
- Yokohama Research Center, Chisso Corporation, Japan
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48
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Liu ZJ, Vysotski ES, Chen CJ, Rose JP, Lee J, Wang BC. Structure of the Ca2+-regulated photoprotein obelin at 1.7 A resolution determined directly from its sulfur substructure. Protein Sci 2000; 9:2085-93. [PMID: 11152120 PMCID: PMC2144499 DOI: 10.1110/ps.9.11.2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the photoprotein obelin (22.2 kDa) from Obelia longissima has been determined and refined to 1.7 A resolution. Contrary to the prediction of a peroxide, the noncovalently bound substrate, coelenterazine, has only a single oxygen atom bound at the C2-position. The protein-coelenterazine 2-oxy complex observed in the crystals is photo-active because, in the presence of calcium ion, bioluminescence emission within the crystal is observed. This structure represents only the second de novo protein structure determined using the anomalous scattering signal of the sulfur substructure in the crystal. The method used here is theoretically different from that used for crambin in 1981 (4.72 kDa) and represents a significant advancement in protein crystal structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA
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49
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Inouye S, Watanabe K, Nakamura H, Shimomura O. Secretional luciferase of the luminous shrimp Oplophorus gracilirostris: cDNA cloning of a novel imidazopyrazinone luciferase(1). FEBS Lett 2000; 481:19-25. [PMID: 10984608 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The deep-sea shrimp Oplophorus gracilirostris secretes a luciferase that catalyzes the oxidation of coelenterazine to emit blue light. The luciferase (M(r) approx. 106000) was found to be a complex composed of 35 kDa and 19 kDa proteins, and the cDNAs encoding these two proteins were cloned. The expression of the cDNAs in bacterial and mammalian cells indicated that the 19 kDa protein, not the 35 kDa protein, is capable of catalyzing the luminescent oxidation of coelenterazine. The primary sequence of the 35 kDa protein revealed a typical leucine-rich repeat sequence, whereas the catalytic 19 kDa protein shared no homology with any known luciferases including various imidazopyrazinone luciferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Inouye
- Yokohama Research Center, Chisso Corporation, Japan.
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50
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Griffiths MW. How novel methods can help discover more information about foodborne pathogens. Can J Infect Dis 2000; 11:142-53. [PMID: 18159282 PMCID: PMC2094761 DOI: 10.1155/2000/364050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable emphasis is being placed on quantitative risk assessment modelling as a basis for regulation of trade in food products. However, for models to be accurate, information about the behaviour of potential pathogens in foods needs to be available. The question is how to obtain this knowledge in a simple and cost effective way. One technique that has great potential is the use of reporter bacteria which have been genetically modified to express a phenotype that can be easily monitored, such as light production in luminescent organisms. Bacteria carrying these (lux) genes can easily be detected using simple luminometers or more sophisticated low light imaging equipment.By monitoring light output from these bacteria over time, it can easily be determined if the organism is growing (resulting in an increase in light emission), is dead (causing a decrease in light production) or is injured (light output remains constant). The use of imaging systems allows the response of bioluminescent bacteria to be studied directly on the food, making the technique even more useful. Applications of bioluminescence are discussed below and include use as reporters of gene expression; biocide efficacy and antibiotic susceptibility; sub-lethal injury; adhesion and biofilm formation; the microbial ecology of foods; pathogenesis; and as biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Griffiths
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario.
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