1
|
El-Zahaby SA, Kaur L, Sharma A, Prasad AG, Wani AK, Singh R, Zakaria MY. Lipoplexes' Structure, Preparation, and Role in Managing Different Diseases. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:131. [PMID: 38849687 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based vectors are becoming promising alternatives to traditional therapies over the last 2 decades specially for managing life-threatening diseases like cancer. Cationic lipids are the most prevalent non-viral vectors utilized in gene delivery. The increasing number of clinical trials about lipoplex-based gene therapy demonstrates their potential as well-established technology that can provide robust gene transfection. In this regard, this review will summarize this important point. These vectors however have a modest transfection efficiency. This limitation can be partly addressed by using functional lipids that provide a plethora of options for investigating nucleic acid-lipid interactions as well as in vitro and in vivo nucleic acid delivery for biomedical applications. Despite their lower gene transfer efficiency, lipid-based vectors such as lipoplexes have several advantages over viral ones: they are less toxic and immunogenic, can be targeted, and are simple to produce on a large scale. Researchers are actively investigating the parameters that are essential for an effective lipoplex delivery method. These include factors that influence the structure, stability, internalization, and transfection of the lipoplex. Thorough understanding of the design principles will enable synthesis of customized lipoplex formulations for life-saving therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally A El-Zahaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Lovepreet Kaur
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Aprameya Ganesh Prasad
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rattandeep Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Mohamed Y Zakaria
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, 42526, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras Sudr, 46612, South Sinai, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tae H, Park S, Tan LY, Yang C, Lee YA, Choe Y, Wüstefeld T, Jung S, Cho NJ. Elucidating Structural Configuration of Lipid Assemblies for mRNA Delivery Systems. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11284-11299. [PMID: 38639114 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The development of mRNA delivery systems utilizing lipid-based assemblies holds immense potential for precise control of gene expression and targeted therapeutic interventions. Despite advancements in lipid-based gene delivery systems, a critical knowledge gap remains in understanding how the biophysical characteristics of lipid assemblies and mRNA complexes influence these systems. Herein, we investigate the biophysical properties of cationic liposomes and their role in shaping mRNA lipoplexes by comparing various fabrication methods. Notably, an innovative fabrication technique called the liposome under cryo-assembly (LUCA) cycle, involving a precisely controlled freeze-thaw-vortex process, produces distinctive onion-like concentric multilamellar structures in cationic DOTAP/DOPE liposomes, in contrast to a conventional extrusion method that yields unilamellar liposomes. The inclusion of short-chain DHPC lipids further modulates the structure of cationic liposomes, transforming them from multilamellar to unilamellar structures during the LUCA cycle. Furthermore, the biophysical and biological evaluations of mRNA lipoplexes unveil that the optimal N/P charge ratio in the lipoplex can vary depending on the structure of initial cationic liposomes. Cryo-EM structural analysis demonstrates that multilamellar cationic liposomes induce two distinct interlamellar spacings in cationic lipoplexes, emphasizing the significant impact of the liposome structures on the final structure of mRNA lipoplexes. Taken together, our results provide an intriguing insight into the relationship between lipid assembly structures and the biophysical characteristics of the resulting lipoplexes. These relationships may open the door for advancing lipid-based mRNA delivery systems through more streamlined manufacturing processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhyuk Tae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Soohyun Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Li Yang Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Chungmo Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yong-An Lee
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Younghwan Choe
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Torsten Wüstefeld
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pemberton JG, Tenkova T, Felgner P, Zimmerberg J, Balla T, Heuser J. Defining the EM-signature of successful cell-transfection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.07.583927. [PMID: 38496608 PMCID: PMC10942431 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.07.583927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In this report, we describe the architecture of Lipofectamine 2000 and 3000 transfection- reagents, as they appear inside of transfected cells, using classical transmission electron microscopy (EM). We also demonstrate that they provoke consistent structural changes after they have entered cells, changes that not only provide new insights into the mechanism of action of these particular transfection-reagents, but also provide a convenient and robust method for identifying by EM which cells in any culture have been successfully transfected. This also provides clues to the mechanism(s) of their toxic effects, when they are applied in excess. We demonstrate that after being bulk-endocytosed by cells, the cationic spheroids of Lipofectamine remain intact throughout the entire time of culturing, but escape from their endosomes and penetrate directly into the cytoplasm of the cell. In so doing, they provoke a stereotypical recruitment and rearrangement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and they ultimately end up escaping into the cytoplasm and forming unique 'inclusion-bodies.' Once free in the cytoplasm, they also invariably develop dense and uniform coatings of cytoplasmic ribosomes on their surfaces, and finally, they become surrounded by 'annulate' lamellae' of the ER. In the end, these annulate-lamellar enclosures become the ultrastructural 'signatures' of these inclusion-bodies, and serve to positively and definitively identify all cells that have been effectively transfected. Importantly, these new EM-observations define several new and unique properties of these classical Lipofectamines, and allow them to be discriminated from other lipoidal or particulate transfection-reagents, which we find do not physically break out of endosomes or end up in inclusion bodies, and in fact, provoke absolutely none of these 'signature' cytoplasmic reactions.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chountoulesi M, Pippa N, Forys A, Trzebicka B, Pispas S. Structure-Based Evaluation of Hybrid Lipid-Polymer Nanoparticles: The Role of the Polymeric Guest. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:290. [PMID: 38276698 PMCID: PMC10818590 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The combination of phospholipids and block-copolymers yields advanced hybrid nanoparticles through the self-assembly process in an aqueous environment. The physicochemical features of the lipid/polymer components, like the lipid-polymer molar ratio, the macromolecular architecture of the block copolymer, the main transition temperature of the phospholipid, as well as the formulation and preparation protocol parameters, are some of the most crucial parameters for the formation of hybrid lipid/polymer vesicles and for the differentiation of their morphology. The morphology, along with other physicochemical nanoparticle characteristics are strictly correlated with the nanoparticle's later biological behavior after being administered, affecting interactions with cells, biodistribution, uptake, toxicity, drug release, etc. In the present study, a structural evaluation of hybrid lipid-polymer nanoparticles based on cryo-TEM studies was undertaken. Different kinds of hybrid lipid-polymer nanoparticles were designed and developed using phospholipids and block copolymers with different preparation protocols. The structures obtained ranged from spherical vesicles to rod-shaped structures, worm-like micelles, and irregular morphologies. The obtained morphologies were correlated with the formulation and preparation parameters and especially the type of lipid, the polymeric guest, and their ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chountoulesi
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Aleksander Forys
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.F.); (B.T.)
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.F.); (B.T.)
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pozzi D, Caracciolo G. Looking Back, Moving Forward: Lipid Nanoparticles as a Promising Frontier in Gene Delivery. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1561-1573. [PMID: 37974625 PMCID: PMC10644400 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown remarkable success in delivering genetic materials like COVID-19 LNP vaccines, such as mRNA-1273/SpikeVax by Moderna and BNT162b2/Comirnaty by BioNTech/Pfizer, as well as siRNA for rare inherited diseases, such as Onpattro from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. These LNPs are advantageous since they minimize side effects, target specific cells, and regulate payload delivery. There has been a surge of interest in these particles due to their success stories; however, we still do not know much about how they work. This perspective will recapitulate the evolution of lipid-based gene delivery, starting with Felgner's pioneering 1987 PNAS paper, which introduced the initial DNA-transfection method utilizing a synthetic cationic lipid. Our journey takes us to the early 2020s, a time when advancements in bionano interactions enabled us to create biomimetic lipoplexes characterized by a remarkable ability to evade capture by immune cells in vivo. Through this overview, we propose leveraging previous achievements to assist us in formulating improved research goals when optimizing LNPs for medical conditions such as infectious diseases, cancer, and heritable disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pozzi
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department
of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University
of Rome, Viale Regina
Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department
of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University
of Rome, Viale Regina
Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Design and development of DSPC:DAP:PDMAEMA-b-PLMA nanostructures: from the adumbration of their morphological characteristics to in vitro evaluation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
7
|
Carvalho BG, Garcia BBM, Malfatti-Gasperini AA, Han SW, de la Torre LG. Hybrid polymer/lipid vesicle synthesis: Association between cationic liposomes and lipoplexes with chondroitin sulfate. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 210:112233. [PMID: 34838413 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The association of cationic carriers with different anionic mucoadhesive biopolymers has been widely explored as an alternative to improve their delivery routes and specific targeting. This work presents a complete analysis of the association between chondroitin sulfate (CS) and cationic liposomes (CLs)/lipoplex (CL-pDNA). In this study, plasmid DNA (pDNA) was used as a genetic cargo for association with carriers. Firstly, we measured the stoichiometry of pseudo complexes and evaluated their colloidal properties, structural and morphological characteristics. Optimized CL-pDNA lipoplexes (positive z-potential) and CL-CS / CL-pDNA-CS (negative z-potential with CS mass ratio of 9% (w/w)) were further studied in detail. Small-angle X-ray scattering analysis and cryo-transmission electron microscopy micrographs revealed that the electrostatic interaction between CS and CL / CL-pDNA easily reorganized the lipid bilayers resulting in nanoscale uni/multilamellar vesicles. A high CS mass ratio (9% (w/w)) led to the reassembly of liposomal structure, wherein the pDNA was easily exchanged for CS chains, forming more than 50% of dense multilamellar vesicles. This data evidenced that the association between CS and CLs is not a conventional coating process since it generates complex and hybrid structures. We believe that these obtained colloidal data may be used in the future to investigate polymer-tailored nanocarriers and their production process. In brief, the colloidal study of hybrid structures may open interesting perspectives for developing novel carriers for drug and gene delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna G Carvalho
- Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bianca B M Garcia
- Center for Cell Therapy and Molecular, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-010 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio A Malfatti-Gasperini
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sang W Han
- Center for Cell Therapy and Molecular, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-010 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucimara G de la Torre
- Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ewert KK, Scodeller P, Simón-Gracia L, Steffes VM, Wonder EA, Teesalu T, Safinya CR. Cationic Liposomes as Vectors for Nucleic Acid and Hydrophobic Drug Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1365. [PMID: 34575441 PMCID: PMC8465808 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic liposomes (CLs) are effective carriers of a variety of therapeutics. Their applications as vectors of nucleic acids (NAs), from long DNA and mRNA to short interfering RNA (siRNA), have been pursued for decades to realize the promise of gene therapy, with approvals of the siRNA therapeutic patisiran and two mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 as recent milestones. The long-term goal of developing optimized CL-based NA carriers for a broad range of medical applications requires a comprehensive understanding of the structure of these vectors and their interactions with cell membranes and components that lead to the release and activity of the NAs within the cell. Structure-activity relationships of lipids for CL-based NA and drug delivery must take into account that these lipids act not individually but as components of an assembly of many molecules. This review summarizes our current understanding of how the choice of the constituting lipids governs the structure of their CL-NA self-assemblies, which constitute distinct liquid crystalline phases, and the relation of these structures to their efficacy for delivery. In addition, we review progress toward CL-NA nanoparticles for targeted NA delivery in vivo and close with an outlook on CL-based carriers of hydrophobic drugs, which may eventually lead to combination therapies with NAs and drugs for cancer and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai K. Ewert
- Materials, Physics, and Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Departments, and Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (V.M.S.); (E.A.W.)
| | - Pablo Scodeller
- Laboratory of Precision- and Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 14b, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (P.S.); (L.S.-G.)
| | - Lorena Simón-Gracia
- Laboratory of Precision- and Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 14b, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (P.S.); (L.S.-G.)
| | - Victoria M. Steffes
- Materials, Physics, and Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Departments, and Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (V.M.S.); (E.A.W.)
| | - Emily A. Wonder
- Materials, Physics, and Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Departments, and Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (V.M.S.); (E.A.W.)
| | - Tambet Teesalu
- Laboratory of Precision- and Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 14b, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (P.S.); (L.S.-G.)
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Cyrus R. Safinya
- Materials, Physics, and Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Departments, and Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (V.M.S.); (E.A.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The assessment of the efficient binding between a nucleic acid and its associated nanoparticle is crucial for gene delivery. Emerging from the extensive search for versatile gene carriers, are complexes formed between nucleic acids and nonviral nanocarriers that promise to be viable alternatives to the predominantly viral-based gene delivery vehicles. However, much is still to be known about the exact structure and physico-chemical properties of such nanocomplexes. This chapter will concentrate on cationic lipid, polymer, and functionalized metal nanoparticles and their interaction with nucleic acids by direct conjugation or electrostatic interaction. Methods commonly employed to evaluate the nature and extent of nucleic acid interactions with cationic nanocarriers, such a nucleic acid binding, nuclease protection, and dye displacement assays will be described. In addition, the ultrastructural morphology, size, and zeta potential of these nanocomplexes, which are crucial for their cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking, will be assessed using electron microscopy, fluorescent detection, and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). These assays have the ability to visualize and quantify the interaction and can also be used to complement each other, in addition to providing confirmation of the formation of the relevant nanocomplexes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bulk and Microfluidic Synthesis of Stealth and Cationic Liposomes for Gene Delivery Applications. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2020; 2197:253-269. [PMID: 32827142 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0872-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This chapter describes the synthesis of stealth and cationic liposomes and their complexation with plasmid DNA to generate lipoplexes for gene delivery applications. Two techniques are presented: a top-down approach which requires a second step of processing for downsizing the liposomes (i.e., ethanol injection method) and a microfluidic technique that explores the diffusion of ethanol in water to allow the proper lipid self-assembly. The synthesis of stealth liposomes is also a challenge since the use of poly(ethylene glycol) favors the formation of oblate micelles. In this protocol, the stealth cationic liposome synthesis by exploring the high ionic strength to overcome the formation of secondary structures like micelles is described. Finally, the electrostatic complexation between cationic liposomes and DNA is described, indicating important aspects that guarantee the formation of uniform lipoplexes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pal Singh P, Vithalapuram V, Metre S, Kodipyaka R. Lipoplex-based therapeutics for effective oligonucleotide delivery: a compendious review. J Liposome Res 2019; 30:313-335. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2019.1652645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pirthi Pal Singh
- Department of Formulation Research and Development, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, India
| | - Veena Vithalapuram
- Department of Formulation Research and Development, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, India
| | - Sunita Metre
- Department of Formulation Research and Development, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, India
| | - Ravinder Kodipyaka
- Department of Formulation Research and Development, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu K, Zheng L, Ma C, Göstl R, Herrmann A. DNA-surfactant complexes: self-assembly properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:5147-5172. [PMID: 28686247 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00165g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, DNA-surfactant complexes have gained traction as unique and powerful materials for potential applications ranging from optoelectronics to biomedicine because they self-assemble with outstanding flexibility spanning packing modes from ordered lamellar, hexagonal and cubic structures to disordered isotropic phases. These materials consist of a DNA backbone from which the surfactants protrude as non-covalently bound side chains. Their formation is electrostatically driven and they form bulk films, lyotropic as well as thermotropic liquid crystals and hydrogels. This structural versatility and their easy-to-tune properties render them ideal candidates for assembly in bulk films, for example granting directional conductivity along the DNA backbone, for dye dispersion minimizing fluorescence quenching allowing applications in lasing and nonlinear optics or as electron blocking and hole transporting layers, such as in LEDs or photovoltaic cells, owing to their extraordinary dielectric properties. However, they do not only act as host materials but also function as a chromophore itself. They can be employed within electrochromic DNA-surfactant liquid crystal displays exhibiting remarkable absorptivity in the visible range whose volatility can be controlled by the external temperature. Concomitantly, applications in the biological field based on DNA-surfactant bulk films, liquid crystals and hydrogels are rendered possible by their excellent gene and drug delivery capabilities. Beyond the mere exploitation of their material properties, DNA-surfactant complexes proved outstandingly useful for synthetic chemistry purposes when employed as scaffolds for DNA-templated reactions, nucleic acid modifications or polymerizations. These promising examples are by far not exhaustive but foreshadow their potential applications in yet unexplored fields. Here, we will give an insight into the peculiarities and perspectives of each material and are confident to inspire future developments and applications employing this emerging substance class.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Freeze-fracture electron microscopy (FFEM) as a cryofixation, replica, and transmission electron microscopy technique is unique in membrane bilayer and lipid monolayer research because it enables us to excess and visualize pattern such as domains in the hydrophobic center of lipid bilayer as well as the lipid/gas interface of lipid monolayer. Since one of the preparation steps of this technique includes fracturing the frozen sample and since during this fracturing process the fracture plane follows the area of weakest forces, these areas are exposed allowing us to explore pattern built up by lipids and/or intrinsic proteins but also initiated by peptides, drugs, and toxins reaching into these normally hard to access areas. Furthermore, FFEM as a replica technique is applicable to objects of a large size range and combines detailed imaging of fine structures down to nano-resolution scale within images of larger biological or artificial objects up to several tens of micrometers in size.Biological membranes consist of a multitude of components which can self-organize into rafts or domains within the fluid bilayer characterized by lateral inhomogeneities in chemical composition and/or physical properties. These domains seem to play important roles in signal transduction and membrane traffic. Furthermore, lipid domains are important in health and disease and make an interesting target for pharmacological approaches in cure and prevention of diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, cardiovascular and prion diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, and HIV. As a cryofixation technique, FFEM is a very powerful tool to capture such domains in a probe-free mode and explore their dynamics on a nano-resolution scale.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
The structural characteristics of liposomes have been widely investigated and there is certainly a strong understanding of their morphological characteristics. Imaging of these systems, using techniques such as freeze-fracturing methods, transmission electron microscopy, and cryo-electron imaging, has allowed us to appreciate their bilayer structures and factors which can influence this. However, there are few methods which all us to study these systems in their natural hydrated state; commonly the liposomes are visualized after drying, staining, and/or fixation of the vesicles. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) offers the ability to image a liposome in its hydrated state without the need for prior sample preparation. Within our studies we were the first to use ESEM to study liposomes and niosomes and we have been able to dynamically follow the hydration of lipid films and changes in liposome suspensions as water condenses on to, or evaporates from, the sample in real time. This provides insight into the resistance of liposomes to coalescence during dehydration, thereby providing an alternative assay of liposome formulation and stability.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ni R, Zhou J, Hossain N, Chau Y. Virus-inspired nucleic acid delivery system: Linking virus and viral mimicry. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:3-26. [PMID: 27473931 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of nucleic acids into disease sites of human body has been attempted for decades, but both viral and non-viral vectors are yet to meet our expectations. Safety concerns and low delivery efficiency are the main limitations of viral and non-viral vectors, respectively. The structure of viruses is both ordered and dynamic, and is believed to be the key for effective transfection. Detailed understanding of the physical properties of viruses, their interaction with cellular components, and responses towards cellular environments leading to transfection would inspire the development of safe and effective non-viral vectors. To this goal, this review systematically summarizes distinctive features of viruses that are implied for efficient nucleic acid delivery but not yet fully explored in current non-viral vectors. The assembly and disassembly of viral structures, presentation of viral ligands, and the subcellular targeting of viruses are emphasized. Moreover, we describe the current development of cationic material-based viral mimicry (CVM) and structural viral mimicry (SVM) in these aspects. In light of the discrepancy, we identify future opportunities for rational design of viral mimics for the efficient delivery of DNA and RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ni
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junli Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Naushad Hossain
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Chau
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee EY, Lee CK, Schmidt NW, Jin F, Lande R, Curk T, Frenkel D, Dobnikar J, Gilliet M, Wong GC. A review of immune amplification via ligand clustering by self-assembled liquid-crystalline DNA complexes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 232:17-24. [PMID: 26956527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We examine how the interferon production of plasmacytoid dendritic cells is amplified by the self-assembly of liquid-crystalline antimicrobial peptide/DNA complexes. These specialized dendritic cells are important for host defense because they quickly release large quantities of type I interferons in response to infection. However, their aberrant activation is also correlated with autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis and lupus. In this review, we will describe how polyelectrolyte self-assembly and the statistical mechanics of multivalent interactions contribute to this process. In a more general compass, we provide an interesting conceptual corrective to the common notion in molecular biology of a dichotomy between specific interactions and non-specific interactions, and show examples where one can construct exquisitely specific interactions using non-specific interactions.
Collapse
|
17
|
Geinguenaud F, Guenin E, Lalatonne Y, Motte L. Vectorization of Nucleic Acids for Therapeutic Approach: Tutorial Review. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1180-91. [PMID: 26950048 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides present a high therapeutic potential for a wide variety of diseases. However, their clinical development is limited by their degradation by nucleases and their poor blood circulation time. Depending on the administration mode and the cellular target, these macromolecules will have to cross the vascular endothelium, to diffuse through the extracellular matrix, to be transported through the cell membrane, and finally to reach the cytoplasm. To overcome these physiological barriers, many strategies have been developed. Here, we review different methods of DNA vectorization, discuss limitations and advantages of the various vectors, and provide new perspectives for future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Geinguenaud
- Laboratoire CSPBAT,
CNRS UMR 7244, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Erwann Guenin
- Inserm, U1148,
Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Yoann Lalatonne
- Inserm, U1148,
Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France
- Service
de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Avicenne Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris 93009 Bobigny France
| | - Laurence Motte
- Inserm, U1148,
Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Motta S, Rondelli V, Cantu L, Del Favero E, Aureli M, Pozzi D, Caracciolo G, Brocca P. What the cell surface does not see: The gene vector under the protein corona. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 141:170-178. [PMID: 26852100 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The fate of lipid-based nanovectors, used in genetic targeting inside cells, depends on their behavior in biological media. In fact, during both in vitro and in vivo transfection, nanovectors come in contact with proteins that compete for their surface and build the protein corona, their true biological identity while engaging the cell membrane. Nonetheless, after cell internalization, the efficacy of transfection may depend also on structural modifications that occurred under the protein cover, following interaction with biological fluids. Here, based on previous in vivo experiments, two widely used lipid mixtures, namely DOTAP/DOPC and DC-Chol/DOPE, were identified as paradigms to investigate the impact of the inner structure of nanovectors on the transfection efficiency, all being proficiently internalized. The evolution of the inner structure of cationic lipoplexes and nanoparticles based on such lipid mixtures, following interaction with human plasma, could be unraveled. Particles were investigated in high dilution, approaching the biosimilar conditions. Data have demonstrated that the modulation of their inner structure depends on their lipid composition and the plasma concentration, still preserving the genetic payload. Interestingly, protein contact induces a variety of inner structures with different perviousness, including reshaping into cubic phases of different porosity, sometimes observed upon interaction between carrier-lipids and cell-lipids. Cubic reshaping is of biological relevance, as lipid cubic phases have been recently associated to both fusogenicity and to the readiness in releasing the payload to the final target via endosomal escape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Motta
- Dept. Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, LITA, Via F.lli Cervi, 93, 20090, Segrate, Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Rondelli
- Dept. Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, LITA, Via F.lli Cervi, 93, 20090, Segrate, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Cantu
- Dept. Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, LITA, Via F.lli Cervi, 93, 20090, Segrate, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Del Favero
- Dept. Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, LITA, Via F.lli Cervi, 93, 20090, Segrate, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Dept. Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, LITA, Via F.lli Cervi, 93, 20090, Segrate, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 261, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 261, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Brocca
- Dept. Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, LITA, Via F.lli Cervi, 93, 20090, Segrate, Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gosangi M, Mujahid TY, Gopal V, Patri SV. Effects of heterocyclic-based head group modifications on the structure–activity relationship of tocopherol-based lipids for non-viral gene delivery. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6857-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00974c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy, a promising strategy for the delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids, is greatly dependent on the development of efficient vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vijaya Gopal
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dehshahri A, Sadeghpour H. Surface decorations of poly(amidoamine) dendrimer by various pendant moieties for improved delivery of nucleic acid materials. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 132:85-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
21
|
Cortesi R, Damiani C, Ravani L, Marvelli L, Esposito E, Drechsler M, Pagnoni A, Mariani P, Sforza F, Bergamini P. Lipid-based nanoparticles containing cationic derivatives of PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) as innovative vehicle for Pt complexes: Production, characterization and in vitro studies. Int J Pharm 2015; 492:291-300. [PMID: 26187165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aliphatic phosphine PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) is a promising ligand for metal complexes designed and developed as innovative inorganic drugs. In the present paper, an N-alkylated derivative of PTA, (PTAC16H33)X (X=I, C1, or X=PF6, C2) and its platinum coordination complex cis-[PtCl2(PTAC16H33)2](PF6)2, C3, were considered as components of cationic lipid nanoparticles (CLNs). Particularly, CLN1, CLN2 and CLN3 were obtained by adding derivatives C1, C2 or C3 during nanoparticles preparation, while CLN2-Pt were obtained by treating preformed CLN2 with Pt(II). It was demonstrated that CLN1, CLN2 and CLN3 can be produced with technological conventional methods. However, among the two here proposed protocols, the one based on the treatment of preformed nanoparticles appears more advantageous as compared to the other since it allows a quantitative association yield of Pt. As determined by ICP-OES, a content of P and Pt 2.2-fold and 2.5-fold higher in CLN2-Pt than in CLN3 was evidenced. For the first time was demonstrated that properly functionalized preformed nanoparticles can be efficiently used to obtain a post production Pt(II) complex while maintaining a cytotoxic activity toward cultured cells. In fact, the antiproliferative activity shown by CLN3, CLN2-Pt on the three model cancer cell lines was substantially similar and comparable to that of complex C3 in dmso solution. Thus N-alkylated-PTA derivatives in CLNs could be proposed as innovative biocompatible and water dispersible nanoparticles carrying lipophilic Pt complexes becoming an interesting and improved system with respect to dmso solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cortesi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Nanopharmanet: The Italian Network of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Italy.
| | - Chiara Damiani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Ravani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenza Marvelli
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Esposito
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Pagnoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Mariani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences and CNISM, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Sforza
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Bergamini
- Nanopharmanet: The Italian Network of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Y, Miao L, Satterlee A, Huang L. Delivery of oligonucleotides with lipid nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 87:68-80. [PMID: 25733311 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Since their inception in the 1980s, oligonucleotide-based (ON-based) therapeutics have been recognized as powerful tools that can treat a broad spectrum of diseases. The discoveries of novel regulatory methods of gene expression with diverse mechanisms of action are still driving the development of novel ON-based therapeutics. Difficulties in the delivery of this class of therapeutics hinder their in vivo applications, which forces drug delivery systems to be a prerequisite for clinical translation. This review discusses the strategy of using lipid nanoparticles as carriers to deliver therapeutic ONs to target cells in vitro and in vivo. A discourse on how chemical and physical properties of the lipid materials could be utilized during formulation and the resulting effects on delivery efficiency constitutes the major part of this review.
Collapse
|
23
|
de Jesus MB, Zuhorn IS. Solid lipid nanoparticles as nucleic acid delivery system: Properties and molecular mechanisms. J Control Release 2015; 201:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
24
|
Recent trends of polymer mediated liposomal gene delivery system. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:934605. [PMID: 25250340 PMCID: PMC4163454 DOI: 10.1155/2014/934605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Advancement in the gene delivery system have resulted in clinical successes in gene therapy for patients with several genetic diseases, such as immunodeficiency diseases, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) blindness, thalassemia, and many more. Among various delivery systems, liposomal mediated gene delivery route is offering great promises for gene therapy. This review is an attempt to depict a portrait about the polymer based liposomal gene delivery systems and their future applications. Herein, we have discussed in detail the characteristics of liposome, importance of polymer for liposome formulation, gene delivery, and future direction of liposome based gene delivery as a whole.
Collapse
|
25
|
Principles of electrostatic interactions and self-assembly in lipid/peptide/DNA systems: applications to gene delivery. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 205:221-9. [PMID: 24055029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, great progress has been achieved in development of a wide variety of formulations for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo, which include lipids, peptides and DNA (LPD). Additionally, application of natural histone-DNA complexes (chromatin) in combination with transfection lipids has been suggested as a potential route for gene delivery (chromofection). However, the thermodynamic mechanisms responsible for formation of the ternary lipid-peptide-DNA supramolecular structures have rarely been analyzed. Using recent experimental studies on LPD complexes (including mixtures of chromatin with cationic lipids) and general polyelectrolyte theory, we review and analyze the major determinants defining the internal structure, particle composition and size, surface charge and ultimately, transfection properties of the LPD formulations.
Collapse
|
26
|
Divalent Metal Cations in DNA–Phospholipid Binding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-418698-9.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
27
|
Manosroi J, Khositsuntiwong N, Manosroi W, Götz F, Werner RG, Manosroi A. Potent enhancement of transdermal absorption and stability of human tyrosinase plasmid (pAH7/Tyr) by Tat peptide and an entrapment in elastic cationic niosomes. Drug Deliv 2013; 20:10-8. [PMID: 23311648 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2012.742937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancement of transdermal absorption through rat skin and stability of the human tyrosinase plasmid (P) using Tat (T) and an entrapment in elastic cationic niosomes (E) were described. E (Tween61:cholesterol:DDAB at 1:1:0.5 molar ratio) were prepared by the freeze-dried empty liposomes (FDELs) method using 25% ethanol. TP was prepared by a simple mixing method. TPE was prepared by loading T and P in E at the T:P:E ratio of 0.5:1:160 w/w/w. For gel formulations, P, TP, PE and TPE were incorporated into Carbopol 980 gel (30 µg of plasmid per 1 g of gel). For the transdermal absorption studies, the highest cumulative amounts and fluxes of the plasmid in viable epidermis and dermis (VED) were observed from the TPE of 0.31 ± 0.04 µg/cm(2) and 1.86 ± 0.24 µg/cm(2)/h (TPE solution); and 4.29 ± 0.40 µg/cm(2) and 25.73 ± 2.40 µg/cm(2)/h (TPE gel), respectively. Only plasmid from the PE and TPE could be found in the receiving solution with the cumulative amounts and fluxes at 6 h of 0.07 ± 0.01 µg/cm(2) and 0.40 ± 0.08 µg/cm(2)/h (PE solution); 0.10 ± 0.01 µg/cm(2) and 0.60 ± 0.06 µg/cm(2)/h (TPE solution); 0.88 ± 0.03 µg/cm(2) and 5.30 ± 0.15 µg/cm(2)/h (PE gel); and 1.02 ± 0.05 µg/cm(2) and 6.13 ± 0.28 µg/cm(2)/h (TPE gel), respectively. In stability studies, the plasmid still remained at 4 ± 2 °C and 25 ± 2 °C of about 48.00-65.20% and 27.40-51.10% (solution); and 12.34-38.31% and 8.63-36.10% (gel), respectively, whereas at 45 ± 2 °C, almost all the plasmid was degraded. These studies indicated the high potential application of Tat and an entrapment in elastic cationic niosomes for the development of transdermal gene delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiradej Manosroi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cortesi R, Campioni M, Ravani L, Drechsler M, Pinotti M, Esposito E. Cationic lipid nanosystems as carriers for nucleic acids. N Biotechnol 2013; 31:44-54. [PMID: 24120492 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) consisting of tristearin or tribehenin, and monoolein aqueous dispersions (MADs) consisting of glyceryl-monoolein have been studied as potential nanocarriers for nucleic acids. The cationic character of nanocarriers was obtained by adding cationic surfactants, such as diisobutylphenoxyethyl-dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (DEBDA) or PEG-15 Cocopolyamine (PCPA), to the lipid composition. The products were characterised in terms of size and morphology by Cryo-TEM and PCS. The charge properties were determined by measuring the zeta potential. Our experimental protocol enabled us to obtain homogeneous and stable cationic nanosystems within 3-6 months of production. Assessment of cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells by MTT assays indicated that MAD preparations were less toxic than SLN, and in general PCPA-containing formulations are less cytotoxic than DEBDA-containing ones. The formation of electrostatic complexes with salmon sperm or plasmid DNA, used as model nucleic acids, was evaluated by electrophoresis on agarose gel. The results confirmed that all the formulations studied are able to form the complex. Finally, we investigated the ability of SLN and MAD to deliver DNA into HepG2 cells, and to this purpose we exploited expression plasmids for green fluorescent protein or firefly luciferase. Although with reduced efficiency, the results showed that the produced nanocarriers are able to convey plasmids into cells. The data obtained encourage further study aimed at improving these new formulations and proposing them as novel in vitro transfection reagents with potential application to in vivo delivery of nucleic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cortesi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Levine RM, Pearce TR, Adil M, Kokkoli E. Preparation and characterization of liposome-encapsulated plasmid DNA for gene delivery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:9208-9215. [PMID: 23837701 DOI: 10.1021/la400859e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The success of common nonviral gene delivery vehicles, lipoplexes and polyplexes, is limited by the toxicity and instability of these charged molecules. Stealth liposomes could provide a stable, safe alternative to cationic DNA complexes for effective gene delivery. DNA encapsulations in three stealth liposomal formulations prepared by thin film, reverse phase evaporation, and asymmetric liposome formation were compared, and the thin film method was found to produce the highest yields of encapsulated DNA. A DNA quantification method appropriate for DNA encapsulated within liposomes was also developed and verified for accuracy. The effect of initial lipid and DNA concentrations on the encapsulation yield and fraction of DNA-filled liposomes was evaluated. Higher encapsulation yields were achieved by higher lipid contents, while a higher fraction of DNA-filled liposomes was produced by either lower lipid content or higher DNA concentration. Control of these parameters allows for the design of gene delivery nanoparticles with high DNA encapsulation yields or higher fraction of DNA-filled liposomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Levine
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nanostructured self assembled lipid materials for drug delivery and tissue engineering. Ther Deliv 2012; 2:1485-516. [PMID: 22826876 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Every living organism comprises of lipids as basic building blocks in addition to other components. Utilizing these lipids for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications can overcome biocompatibility and biodegradability issues. A well known example is liposomes (lipids arranged in lamellar structures), but other than that there are additional unique mesophasic structures of lipids formed as a result of lipid polymorphisms, which include cubic-, hexagonal- or sponge-phase structures. These structures provide the advantages of stability and production feasibility compared with liposomes. Cubosomes, which exist in a cubic structure, have improved stability, bioadhesivity and biocompatibility. Hexagonal phases or hexosomes exhibit hexagonal arrangements and can encapsulate different drugs with high stability. Lipids also forms tube-like structures known as tubules and ribbons that are also utilized in different biomedical applications, especially in tissue engineering. Immune stimulating complexes are nanocage-like structures formed as a result of interactions of lipid, antigen and Quillaja saponin. These lipidic mesophasic structures have been utilized for gene, vaccine and drug delivery. This article addresses lipid self-assembled supramolecular nanostructures, including cubosomes, hexosomes, tubules, ribbons, cochleates, lipoplexes and immune stimulating complexes and their biomedical applications.
Collapse
|
31
|
Rudorf S, Rädler JO. Self-assembly of stable monomolecular nucleic acid lipid particles with a size of 30 nm. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11652-8. [PMID: 22694262 DOI: 10.1021/ja302930b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design of efficient nucleic acid complexes is key to progress in genetic research and therapies based on RNA interference. For optimal transport within tissue and across extracellular barriers, nucleic acid carriers need to be small and stable. In this Article, we prepare and characterize mono-nucleic acid lipid particles (mono-NALPs). The particles consist of single short double-stranded oligonucleotides or single siRNA molecules each encapsulated within a closed shell of a cationic-zwitterionic lipid bilayer, furnished with an outer polyethylene glycol (PEG) shield. The particles self-assemble by solvent exchange from a solution containing nucleic acid mixed with the four lipid components DOTAP, DOPE, DOPC, and DSPE-PEG(2000). Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we monitor the formation of mono-NALPs from short double-stranded oligonucleotides or siRNA and lipids into monodisperse particles of approximately 30 nm in diameter. Small angle neutron and X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy experiments substantiate a micelle-like core-shell structure of the particles. The PEGylated lipid shell protects the nucleic acid core against degradation by nucleases, sterically stabilizes the mono-NALPs against disassembly in collagen networks, and prevents nonspecific binding to cells. Hence, PEG-lipid shielded mono-NALPs are the smallest stable siRNA lipid system possible and may provide a structural design to be built upon for the development of novel nucleic acid delivery systems with enhanced biodistribution in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Rudorf
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, D-80539 Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Long-chain cationic derivatives of PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) as new components of potential non-viral vectors. Int J Pharm 2012; 431:176-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
33
|
Physicochemical characterization techniques for lipid based delivery systems for siRNA. Int J Pharm 2012; 427:35-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
34
|
Bagnacani V, Franceschi V, Fantuzzi L, Casnati A, Donofrio G, Sansone F, Ungaro R. Lower rim guanidinocalix[4]arenes: macrocyclic nonviral vectors for cell transfection. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:993-1002. [PMID: 22463059 DOI: 10.1021/bc2006829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Guanidinium groups were introduced through a spacer at the lower rim of calix[4]arenes in the cone conformation to give new potential nonviral vectors for gene delivery. Several structural modifications were explored, such as the presence or absence of a macrocyclic scaffold, lipophilicity of the backbone, length of the spacer, and nature of the charged groups, in order to better understand the factors which affect the DNA condensation ability and transfection efficiency of these derivatives. The most interesting compound was a calix[4]arene unsubstituted at the upper rim and having four guanidinium groups linked at the lower rim through a three carbon atom spacer. This compound, when formulated with DOPE, showed low toxicity and transfection efficiency higher than the commercially available lipofectamine LTX in the treatment of human Rhabdomiosarcoma and Vero cells. Most of the investigated compounds showed a tendency to self-aggregate in pure water or in the presence of salts, as evidenced by NMR and AFM studies, and it was found that the ability to condense DNA plasmids in nanometric globules is a necessary but not sufficient condition for transfection. The superiority of macrocyclic vectors over linear Gemini-type analogues and of guanidinium compared to other ammonium head groups in determining the biological activity of the vectors was also ascertained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bagnacani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Effect of unsaturated alkyl chains on transfection activity of poly(amidoamine) dendron-bearing lipids. J Control Release 2012; 160:552-60. [PMID: 22516096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In an earlier study, we developed a new type of gene vector using poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendron-bearing lipids and reported that their transfection activity was affected by their structures, such as dendron generation and alkyl chain length. In this study, for improvement of their performance as gene vectors, we examined the effect of unsaturated chains of the dendron-bearing lipids using DL-G1-2C(18), which consists of PAMAM G1 dendron moiety and two octadecyl chains, and achieved the most efficient transfection activity among the dendron-bearing lipids having saturated alkyl chains, and DL-G1-2C(18)-U2, which consists of the same dendron-moiety and two octadecenyl chains. DL-G1-2C(18)-U2 showed a higher ability to form lipoplexes with plasmid DNA than DL-G1-2C(18). The DL-G1-2C(18)-U2 lipoplexes exhibited much smaller particle sizes than the DL-G1-2C(18). In addition, the DL-G1-2C(18)-U2 lipoplexes exhibited more efficient transfection of HeLa cells than DL-G1-2C(18) did. Results demonstrate the importance of unsaturated chains for the production of the dendron-bearing lipids having excellent gene transfection performance. Without the help of additional fusogenic lipids such as dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, DL-G1-2C(18)-U2 lipoplexes achieved the highly efficient transfection of the cells without marked cellular toxicity, in the presence of serum. Therefore, DL-G1-2C(18)-U2 might be promising as a potent gene vector.
Collapse
|
36
|
Angelov B, Angelova A, Filippov S, Karlsson G, Terrill N, Lesieur S, Štěpánek P. SAXS Study of Sterically Stabilized Lipid Nanocarriers Functionalized by DNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/351/1/012004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
37
|
Fluorescence methods for lipoplex characterization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2694-705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
38
|
Bibi S, Kaur R, Henriksen-Lacey M, McNeil SE, Wilkhu J, Lattmann E, Christensen D, Mohammed AR, Perrie Y. Microscopy imaging of liposomes: From coverslips to environmental SEM. Int J Pharm 2011; 417:138-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
39
|
Weissig V. From Serendipity to Mitochondria-Targeted Nanocarriers. Pharm Res 2011; 28:2657-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
40
|
Lőrincz O, Tőke ER, Somogyi E, Horkay F, Chandran PL, Douglas JF, Szebeni J, Lisziewicz J. Structure and biological activity of pathogen-like synthetic nanomedicines. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 8:497-506. [PMID: 21839051 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Here we characterize the structure, stability and intracellular mode of action of DermaVir nanomedicine that is under clinical development for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. This nanomedicine comprises pathogen-like pDNA/PEIm nanoparticles (NPs) having the structure and function resembling spherical viruses that naturally evolved to deliver nucleic acids to the cells. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated spherical 100 - 200 nm NPs with a smooth polymer surface protecting the pDNA in the core. Optical absorption determined both the NP structural stability and biological activity relevant to their ability to escape from the endosome and release the pDNA at the nucleus. Salt, pH and temperature influence nanomedicine shelf-life and intracellular stability. This approach facilitates the development of diverse polyplex nanomedicines where the delivered pDNA-expressed antigens induce immune responses to kill infected cells. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR The authors investigated DermaVir nanomedicine comprised of pathogen-like pDNA/PEIm nanoparticles with structure and function resembling spherical viruses. DermaVir delivery of pDNA expresses antigens that induce immune responses to kill HIV infected cells.
Collapse
|
41
|
da Silva ERT, de Oliveira EA, Février A, Nallet F, Navailles L. Supramolecular polymorphism of DNA in non-cationic Lα lipid phases. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2011; 34:83. [PMID: 21870217 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2011-11083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The structure of a complex between hydrated DNA and a non-cationic lipid is studied, including its phase diagram. The complex is spontaneously formed by adding DNA fragments (ca. 150 base pairs in length) to non-cationic lipids and water. The self-assembly process often leads to highly ordered structures. The structures were studied by combining X-ray scattering, fluorescence and polarized microscopy, as well as freeze-fracture experiments with transmission electron microscopy. We observe a significant increase of the smectic order as DNA is incorporated into the water layers of the lamellar host phase, and stabilization of single phase domains for large amounts of DNA. The effect of confinement on DNA ordering is investigated by varying the water content, following three dilution lines. A rich polymorphism is found, ranging from weakly correlated DNA-DNA in-plane organizations to highly ordered structures, where transmembrane correlations lead to the formation of columnar rectangular and columnar hexagonal superlattices of nucleotides embedded between lipid lamellae. From these observations, we suggest that addition of DNA to the lamellar phase significantly restricts membrane fluctuations above a certain concentration and helps the formation of the lipoplex. The alteration of membrane steric interactions, together with the appearance of interfacial interactions between membranes and DNA molecules may be a relevant mechanism for the emergence of highly ordered structures in the concentrated regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E R Teixeira da Silva
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Paul-Pascal-CNRS, 115 avenue du Docteur-Schweitzer, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Giatrellis S, Nounesis G. Nucleic acid-lipid membrane interactions studied by DSC. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2011; 3:70-6. [PMID: 21430956 PMCID: PMC3053523 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.76470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of nucleic acids with lipid membranes are of great importance for biological mechanisms as well as for biotechnological applications in gene delivery and drug carriers. The optimization of liposomal vectors for clinical use is absolutely dependent upon the formation mechanisms, the morphology, and the molecular organization of the lipoplexes, that is, the complexes of lipid membranes with DNA. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has emerged as an efficient and relatively easy-to-operate experimental technique that can straightforwardly provide data related to the thermodynamics and the kinetics of the DNA-lipid complexation and especially to the lipid organization and phase transitions within the membrane. In this review, we summarize DSC studies considering nucleic acid-membrane systems, accentuating DSC capabilities, and data analysis. Published work involving cationic, anionic, and zwitterionic lipids as well as lipid mixtures interacting with RNA and DNA of different sizes and conformations are included. It is shown that despite limitations, issues such as DNA- or RNA-induced phase separation and microdomain lipid segregation, liposomal aggregation and fusion, alterations of the lipid long-range molecular order, as well as membrane-induced structural changes of the nucleic acids can be efficiently treated by systematic high-sensitivity DSC studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarantis Giatrellis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Caracciolo G, Pozzi D, Capriotti AL, Marianecci C, Carafa M, Marchini C, Montani M, Amici A, Amenitsch H, Digman MA, Gratton E, Sanchez SS, Laganà A. Factors Determining the Superior Performance of Lipid/DNA/Protammine Nanoparticles over Lipoplexes. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4160-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200237p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlotta Marianecci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Carafa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Marchini
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Maura Montani
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Augusto Amici
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Biophysics and Nanosystems Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedelstrasse 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria
| | - Michelle A. Digman
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 3120 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2715, United States
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 3120 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2715, United States
| | - Susana S. Sanchez
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 3120 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2715, United States
- Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Fundación CNIC-Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kumazawa N, Mel'Nikova YS, Yoshikawa K. Novel method to form giant liposome entrapping DNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19961060120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
45
|
|
46
|
Primitive Membrane Formation, Characteristics and Roles in the Emergent Properties of a Protocell. ENTROPY 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/e13020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
47
|
Liu C, Zhang N. Nanoparticles in Gene Therapy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 104:509-62. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416020-0.00013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
48
|
Kher G, Trehan S, Misra A. Antisense Oligonucleotides and RNA Interference. CHALLENGES IN DELIVERY OF THERAPEUTIC GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS 2011. [PMCID: PMC7150054 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-384964-9.00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
49
|
Amenitsch H, Caracciolo G, Foglia P, Fuscoletti V, Giansanti P, Marianecci C, Pozzi D, Laganà A. Existence of hybrid structures in cationic liposome/DNA complexes revealed by their interaction with plasma proteins. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 82:141-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
50
|
Liposomes for use in gene delivery. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2010; 2011:326497. [PMID: 21490748 PMCID: PMC3066571 DOI: 10.1155/2011/326497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes have a wide array of uses that have been continuously expanded and improved upon since first being observed to self-assemble into vesicular structures. These arrangements can be found in many shapes and sizes depending on lipid composition. Liposomes are often used to deliver a molecular cargo such as DNA for therapeutic benefit. The lipids used to form such lipoplexes can be cationic, anionic, neutral, or a mixture thereof. Herein physical packing parameters and specific lipids used for gene delivery will be discussed, with lipids classified according to overall charge.
Collapse
|