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Deota S, Rathnachalam S, Namrata K, Boob M, Fulzele A, Radhika S, Ganguli S, Balaji C, Kaypee S, Vishwakarma KK, Kundu TK, Bhandari R, Gonzalez de Peredo A, Mishra M, Venkatramani R, Kolthur-Seetharam U. Allosteric Regulation of Cyclin-B Binding by the Charge State of Catalytic Lysine in CDK1 Is Essential for Cell-Cycle Progression. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2127-2142. [PMID: 30974121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is essential for cell-cycle progression. While dependence of CDK activity on cyclin levels is well established, molecular mechanisms that regulate their binding are less understood. Here, we report for the first time that CDK1:cyclin-B binding is not default but rather determined by the evolutionarily conserved catalytic residue, lysine-33 in CDK1. We demonstrate that the charge state of this lysine allosterically remodels the CDK1:cyclin-B interface. Cell cycle-dependent acetylation of lysine-33 or its mutation to glutamine, which mimics acetylation, abrogates cyclin-B binding. Using biochemical approaches and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, we have uncovered both short-range and long-range effects of perturbing the charged state of the catalytic lysine, which lead to inhibition of kinase activity. Specifically, although loss of the charge state of catalytic lysine did not impact ATP binding significantly, it altered its orientation in the active site. In addition, the catalytic lysine also acts as an intra-molecular electrostatic tether at the active site to orient structural elements interfacing with cyclin-B. Physiologically, opposing activities of SIRT1 and P300 regulate acetylation and thus control the charge state of lysine-33. Importantly, cells expressing acetylation mimic mutant of Cdc2/CDK1 in yeast are arrested in G2 and fail to divide, indicating the requirement of the deacetylated state of the catalytic lysine for cell division. Thus, by illustrating the molecular role of the catalytic lysine and cell cycle-dependent deacetylation as a determinant of CDK1:cyclin-B interaction, our results redefine the current model of CDK1 activation and cell-cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak Deota
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Sivasudhan Rathnachalam
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Kanojia Namrata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Mayank Boob
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Amit Fulzele
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Toulouse 31400, France
| | - S Radhika
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Shubhra Ganguli
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad 500039, India; Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Chinthapalli Balaji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Stephanie Kaypee
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Krishna Kant Vishwakarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Rashna Bhandari
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad 500039, India
| | | | - Mithilesh Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Ravindra Venkatramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai 400005, India.
| | - Ullas Kolthur-Seetharam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai 400005, India.
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Levasseur MD, Thomas C, Davies OR, Higgins JMG, Madgwick S. Aneuploidy in Oocytes Is Prevented by Sustained CDK1 Activity through Degron Masking in Cyclin B1. Dev Cell 2019; 48:672-684.e5. [PMID: 30745144 PMCID: PMC6416240 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Successful mitosis requires that cyclin B1:CDK1 kinase activity remains high until chromosomes are correctly aligned on the mitotic spindle. It has therefore been unclear why, in mammalian oocyte meiosis, cyclin B1 destruction begins before chromosome alignment is complete. Here, we resolve this paradox and show that mouse oocytes exploit an imbalance in the ratio of cyclin B1 to CDK1 to control CDK1 activity; early cyclin B1 destruction reflects the loss of an excess of non-CDK1-bound cyclin B1 in late prometaphase, while CDK1-bound cyclin B1 is destroyed only during metaphase. The ordered destruction of the two forms of cyclin B1 is brought about by a previously unidentified motif that is accessible in free cyclin B1 but masked when cyclin B1 is in complex with CDK1. This protects the CDK1-bound fraction from destruction in prometaphase, ensuring a period of prolonged CDK1 activity sufficient to achieve optimal chromosome alignment and prevent aneuploidy. In mouse oocytes, an excess of cyclin B1 preserves CDK1 activity A motif in non-CDK1-bound cyclin B1 confers preferential APC/C targeting Non-CDK1-bound cyclin B1 is gradually destroyed before CDK1-bound cyclin B1 Prolonged CDK1 activity assists the spindle checkpoint and prevents aneuploidy
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Levasseur
- Cell Division Biology Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Christopher Thomas
- Cell Division Biology Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Owen R Davies
- Cell Division Biology Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jonathan M G Higgins
- Cell Division Biology Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Suzanne Madgwick
- Cell Division Biology Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Bartkowiak B, Greenleaf AL. Expression, purification, and identification of associated proteins of the full-length hCDK12/CyclinK complex. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:1786-95. [PMID: 25429106 PMCID: PMC4340420 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The coupling of transcription and associated processes has been shown to be dependent on the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) C-terminal repeat domain (CTD) and the phosphorylation of the heptad repeats of which it is composed (consensus sequence Y1S2P3T4S5P6S7). Two primary S2 position CTD kinases have been identified in higher eukaryotes: P-TEFb and CDK12/CyclinK. The more recently discovered CDK12 appears to act at the 3'-end of the transcription unit and has been identified as a tumor suppressor for ovarian cancer; however much is still unknown about the in vivo roles of CDK12/CyclinK. In an effort to further characterize these roles we have purified to near homogeneity and characterized, full-length, active, human CDK12/CyclinK, and identified hCDK12-associated proteins via mass spectrometry. We find that employing a "2A" peptide-linked multicistronic construct containing CDK12 and CyclinK results in the efficient production of active, recombinant enzyme in the baculovirus/Sf9 expression system. Using GST-CTD fusion protein substrates we find that CDK12/CyclinK prefers a substrate with unmodified repeats or one that mimics prephosphorylation at the S7 position of the CTD; also the enzyme is sensitive to the inhibitor flavopiridol at higher concentrations. Identification of CDK12-associating proteins reveals a strong enrichment for RNA-processing factors suggesting that CDK12 affects RNA processing events in two distinct ways: Indirectly through generating factor-binding phospho-epitopes on the CTD of elongating RNAPII and directly through binding to specific factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Bartkowiak
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Arno L Greenleaf
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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