1
|
Varghese R, Almalki MA, Ilavenil S, Rebecca J, Choi KC. Silver nanopaticles synthesized using the seed extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. and their antimicrobial mechanism and anticancer properties. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:148-154. [PMID: 30622419 PMCID: PMC6319018 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through biological route plays an important role in their applications in the medical field, especially in the prevention of disease causing microbial pathogens and arresting the propagation of cancer cells. The stable, green synthesis of AgNPs is very much welcomed in the medical field because of their low toxicity. Therefore, the demands of AgNPs synthesised biologically is on the rise. The present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial mechanisms and anticancer properties of the AgNPs synthesized using the seed extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. The AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis, SEM, XRD, FTIR and EDAX analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the AgNPs were determined by the broth micro dilution method. RESULTS The formation of brownish red color indicated the formation NPs with the absorption maximum at 420 nm. The average size was found to be 33.93 nm and sphere shaped. The FTIR spectrum revealed the absorption bands at 3340 cm-1 and 1635 cm-1 indicated the presence of -OH or -COOH and amide group stretching in the AgNPs. The X-ray diffraction report confirmed the presence of strong peak values of 2θ within the angle of 37.1°. The lowest MIC of the AgNPs against Staphylococcus aureus was 62.5 μg mL-1. MIC values against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, were 125 and 250 μg mL-1 respectively. The MIC of the AgNPs against Aspergillus flavus, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichoderma viridiae were each 250 μg mL-1, respectively. The extracellular protein concentration, levels of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphtase enzyme in the AgNPs treated bacterial pathogens demonstrated greater antimicrobial mechanism. Additionally, the AgNPs exhibited significant anticancer activity against the MCF7 and Vero cell lines. CONCLUSION The synthesized AgNPs could be further evaluated in large scale as a botanical antimicrobial agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Varghese
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharath University, Selaiyur, Chennai 31000, India
| | - Mohammed A. Almalki
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soundharrajan Ilavenil
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyanthi Rebecca
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharath University, Selaiyur, Chennai 31000, India
| | - Ki Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McCombs NL, Moreno-Chicano T, Carey LM, Franzen S, Hough MA, Ghiladi RA. Interaction of Azole-Based Environmental Pollutants with the Coelomic Hemoglobin from Amphitrite ornata: A Molecular Basis for Toxicity. Biochemistry 2017; 56:2294-2303. [PMID: 28387506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The toxicities of azole pollutants that have widespread agricultural and industrial uses are either poorly understood or unknown, particularly with respect to how infaunal organisms are impacted by this class of persistent organic pollutant. To identify a molecular basis by which azole compounds may have unforeseen toxicity on marine annelids, we examine here their impact on the multifunctional dehaloperoxidase (DHP) hemoglobin from the terebellid polychaete Amphitrite ornata. Ultraviolet-visible and resonance Raman spectroscopic studies showed an increase in the six-coordinate low-spin heme population in DHP isoenzyme B upon binding of imidazole, benzotriazole, and benzimidazole (Kd values of 52, 82, and 110 μM, respectively), suggestive of their direct binding to the heme-Fe. Accordingly, atomic-resolution X-ray crystal structures, supported by computational studies, of the DHP B complexes of benzotriazole (1.14 Å), benzimidazole (1.08 Å), imidazole (1.08 Å), and indazole (1.12 Å) revealed two ligand binding motifs, one with direct ligand binding to the heme-Fe, and another in which the ligand binds in the hydrophobic distal pocket without coordinating the heme-Fe. Taken together, the results demonstrate a new mechanism by which azole pollutants can potentially disrupt hemoglobin function, thereby improving our understanding of their impact on infaunal organisms in marine and aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolette L McCombs
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Tadeo Moreno-Chicano
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex , Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, U.K
| | - Leiah M Carey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Stefan Franzen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Michael A Hough
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex , Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, U.K
| | - Reza A Ghiladi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kitahama Y, Ozaki Y. Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering of hemoproteins and those in complicated biological systems. Analyst 2016; 141:5020-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The SERRS spectra of heme are influenced by structural changes, orientation, and selective adsorption on the Ag surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Kitahama
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Kwansei Gakuin University
- Sanda
- Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Kwansei Gakuin University
- Sanda
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Davydov DR, Ponomarev GV, Bobrovnikova-Marjon E, Haines DC, Peterson JA. Aluminum-substituted heme domain of P450BM-3 (BMP): Introducing a heme-derived fluorescent probe for studies of substrate binding and protein-protein interactions in cytochromes P450. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2013; 60:41-51. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gelii V. Ponomarev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Science; Moscow; Russia
| | | | - Donovan C. Haines
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas; Dallas; TX; USA
| | - Julian A. Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas; Dallas; TX; USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ferrero VEV, Di Nardo G, Catucci G, Sadeghi SJ, Gilardi G. Fluorescence detection of ligand binding to labeled cytochrome P450BM3. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:2018-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
6
|
Abstract
P450(BM3) (CYP102A1), a fatty acid hydroxylase from Bacillus megaterium, has been extensively studied over a period of almost forty years. The enzyme has been redesigned to catalyse the oxidation of non-natural substrates as diverse as pharmaceuticals, terpenes and gaseous alkanes using a variety of engineering strategies. Crystal structures have provided a basis for several of the catalytic effects brought about by mutagenesis, while changes to reduction potentials, inter-domain electron transfer rates and catalytic parameters have yielded functional insights. Areas of active research interest include drug metabolite production, the development of process-scale techniques, unravelling general mechanistic aspects of P450 chemistry, methane oxidation, and improving selectivity control to allow the synthesis of fine chemicals. This review draws together the disparate research themes and places them in a historical context with the aim of creating a resource that can be used as a gateway to the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J C Whitehouse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sineva EV, Davydov DR. Cytochrome P450 from Photobacterium profundum SS9, a piezophilic bacterium, exhibits a tightened control of water access to the active site. Biochemistry 2010; 49:10636-46. [PMID: 21082780 DOI: 10.1021/bi101466y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report cloning, expression in Escherichia coli, and purification of cytochrome P450 from a deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium profundum strain SS9 (P450-SS9). The enzyme, which is predominately high spin (86%) in the absence of any added ligand, binds fatty acids and their derivatives and exhibits the highest affinity for myristic acid. Binding of the majority of saturated fatty acids displaces the spin equilibrium further toward the high-spin state, whereas the interactions with unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives (arachidonoylglycine) have the opposite effect. Pressure perturbation studies showed that increasing pressure fails to displace the spin equilibrium completely to the low-spin state in the ligand-free P450-SS9 or in the complexes with either myristic acid or arachidonoylglycine. Stabilization of high-spin P450-SS9 signifies a pressure-induced transition to a state with reduced accessibility of the active site. This transition, which is apparently associated with substantial hydration of the protein, is characterized by the reaction volume change (ΔV) around -100 to -200 mL/mol and P(1/2) of 300-800 bar, which is close to the pressure of habitation of P. profundum. The transition to a state with confined water accessibility is hypothesized to represent a common feature of cytochromes P450 that serves to coordinate heme pocket hydration with ligand binding and the redox state. Displacement of the conformational equilibrium toward the "closed" state in P450-SS9 (even ligand-free) may have evolved to allow the protein to adapt to enhanced protein hydration at high hydrostatic pressures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Sineva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0703, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering as a tool to probe cytochrome P450-catalysed substrate oxidation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:1797-801. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 05/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
9
|
Smith SJ, Munro AW, Smith WE. Resonance Raman scattering of cytochrome P450 BM3 and effect of imidazole inhibitors. Biopolymers 2003; 70:620-7. [PMID: 14648772 DOI: 10.1002/bip.10502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Resonance Raman scattering from cytochrome P450 BM3 is obtained with a Raman microprobe using 406-nm excitation with an accumulation time of a few seconds. The small sample size and rapid measurement time make the routine characterization of P450 systems by resonance Raman spectroscopy easier. Addition of imidazole and imidazole derivatives as inhibitors causes the appearance of additional peaks due to vinyl modes, increases the relative intensity of symmetric modes that would be A(1g) in D(4h) symmetry, and causes a large drop in the intensity of nu(11). This information indicates that the ligation of imidazoles to the heme iron causes the alignment of the vinyl modes with the plane of the heme ring and reduces the out of plane distortion of the ring. The effect of both inhibitors is similar but there is a subtle difference in the extent of the reduction in the intensity of nu(11), which suggests that steric effects within the pocket are having some effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Smith
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Munro AW, Noble MA, Ost TW, Green AJ, McLean KJ, Robledo L, Miles CS, Murdoch J, Chapman SK. Flavocytochrome P450 BM3 substrate selectivity and electron transfer in a model cytochrome P450. Subcell Biochem 2001; 35:297-315. [PMID: 11192726 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46828-x_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A W Munro
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Royal College, 204 George St., Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hudecek J, Anzenbacherová E, Anzenbacher P, Munro AW, Hildebrandt P. Structural similarities and differences of the heme pockets of various P450 isoforms as revealed by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000; 383:70-8. [PMID: 11097178 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2000.2034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 CYP102 A1, 1A2, and 3A4, all belonging to the class II type of P450 enzymes, were studied by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Spectra were measured for the oxidized substrate-free, oxidized substrate-bound, and reduced forms of each of these P450s. The analysis of the resonance Raman spectra indicates that the individual isoforms differ with respect to orientation and conformations of the heme side chains, whereas the overall porphyrin geometry is essentially the same. In the oxidized state, the vinyl groups exhibit both a coplanar and an out-of-plane orientation with respect to the heme, albeit with different relative propensities in the various isoforms. In the reduced state, both vinyl groups are forced into a coplanar orientation. In addition to the differences in behavior of the vinyl groups, the redox-linked spectral changes also include the bending mode of the propionate side chains. The spectral differences associated with the porphyrin substituents are likely to reflect subtle conformational differences in the heme pocket of various P450 isoforms which may constitute the structural basis for the known variability of their functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hudecek
- Department of Biochemistry, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Macdonald ID, Munro AW, Smith WE. Fatty acid-induced alteration of the porphyrin macrocycle of cytochrome P450 BM3. Biophys J 1998; 74:3241-9. [PMID: 9635777 PMCID: PMC1299664 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(98)78030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) of substrate-free and substrate-bound forms of the P450 domain of cytochrome P450 BM3 are reported and assigned. Substrate-free P450 yields mixed spin heme species in which the pentacoordinate high-spin arrangement is dominant. The addition of laurate or palmitate leads to an increase in high spin content and to an allosteric activation of heme mode v29, which is sensitive to peripheral heme/protein interactions. Differences between laurate and palmitate binding are observed in the relative intensities of a number of bands and the splitting of the heme vinyl modes. Laurate binding to P450 results in different protein environments being experienced by each vinyl mode, whereas palmitate binding produces a smaller difference. The results demonstrate the ability of SERRS to probe substrate/prosthetic group interactions within an active site, at low protein concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I D Macdonald
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hudeèek J, Baumruk V, Anzenbacher P, Munro AW. Catalytically self-sufficient P450 CYP102 (cytochrome P450 BM-3): resonance Raman spectral characterization of the heme domain and of the holoenzyme. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 243:811-5. [PMID: 9500975 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.8057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The resonance Raman spectra of CYP102 holoenzyme and of the CYP102 heme domain in the reduced state have been obtained for the first time. Spectra of the oxidized heme domain have also been measured. Whereas the spectra of the isolated heme domain are similar to those obtained for other hexacoordinated low-spin P450s, the holoenzyme spectra exhibited unexpected features. The most plausible explanation is that they reflect an electron transfer to the heme from photoreduced flavins. The results obtained for both the oxidized and reduced heme domain bring additional support to the use of CYP102 as a model for microsomal mammalian P450 enzymes, showing that the heme moiety in CYP102 has similar properties to the hemes in microsomal P450s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hudeèek
- Department of Biochemistry, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|