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Traber MG. Human Vitamin E deficiency, and what is and is not Vitamin E? Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:285-292. [PMID: 38242248 PMCID: PMC10923111 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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2
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Liu J, Zhang M, Wu C, Pan X, Huang Z. TPGS/soluplus® blended micelles: an effective strategy for improving loading capacity of ferroptosis inducer erastin. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2023:1-13. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2023.2295024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Meihong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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3
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Kamath BM, Alonso EM, Heubi JE, Karpen SJ, Sundaram SS, Shneider BL, Sokol RJ. Fat Soluble Vitamin Assessment and Supplementation in Cholestasis. Clin Liver Dis 2022; 26:537-553. [PMID: 35868689 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition in children with chronic cholestasis is a prevalent issue and a major risk factor for adverse outcomes. Fat soluble vitamin (FSV) deficiency is an integral feature of cholestatic disease in children, often occurring within the first months of life in those with neonatal cholestasis and malnutrition. This review focuses on FSVs in cholestasis, with particular emphasis on a practical approach to surveillance and supplementation that includes approaches that account for differing local resources. The overarching strategy suggested is to incorporate recognition of FSV deficiencies in cholestatic children in order to develop practical plans for close monitoring and aggressive FSV repletion. Routine attention to FSV assessment and supplementation in cholestatic infants will reduce long periods of inadequate levels and subsequent adverse clinical sequalae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita M Kamath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada; University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Estella M Alonso
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Siragusa Transplant Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 East Chicago Avenue Box 57, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - James E Heubi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Training, University of Cincinnati/Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Saul J Karpen
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1760 Haygood Drive Northeast, HSRB E204, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shikha S Sundaram
- Pediatric Liver Transplant Program, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Digestive Health Institute, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Box B290, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Benjamin L Shneider
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital
| | - Ronald J Sokol
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado Denver, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Box B290, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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4
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Kolnik S, Wood TR. Role of Vitamin E in Neonatal Neuroprotection: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1083. [PMID: 35888171 PMCID: PMC9316652 DOI: 10.3390/life12071083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E (Vit E) is an essential lipophilic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that has potential as a neuroprotectant in newborn infants with brain injury. Vit E has shown promise in many in vitro studies, but success in translation to in vivo animal studies and the clinical setting has been mixed, with concern of adverse effects at high intravenous doses in preterm infants. However, a recent rise in knowledge of the beneficial effects of fat emulsions containing higher levels of Vit E, along with associated improved outcomes in some neonatal co-morbidities, has led many to reconsider Vit E administration as a potential therapeutic modality to improve neurological outcomes in the setting of neonatal brain injury. This narrative review discusses Vit E's structure, mechanism(s) of action, evidence in animal models, and association with health outcomes in neonates, including both dietary and supplemental Vit E and their bioavailability and pharmacokinetics as it relates to the brain. Lastly, long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes along with gaps in current knowledge are critiqued, which to date suggests that additional translational studies in larger animal models and assessment of safety profiles of different routes and doses of administration should be explored prior to large clinical trials. Importantly, a greater understanding of the brain region(s) and cell type(s) affected by Vit E may help to target the use of Vit E as a beneficial neuroprotective agent to specific populations or types of injury seen in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kolnik
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Thomas R. Wood
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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5
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Ulatowski L, Ghelfi M, West R, Atkinson J, Finno CJ, Manor D. The tocopherol transfer protein TTP mediates Vitamin Vitamin E trafficking between cerebellar astrocytes and neurons. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101712. [PMID: 35150738 PMCID: PMC8913317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) is an essential nutrient that functions as a major lipid-soluble antioxidant in humans. The tocopherol transfer protein (TTP) binds α-tocopherol with high affinity and selectivity and regulates whole-body distribution of the vitamin. Heritable mutations in the TTPA gene result in familial vitamin E deficiency, elevated indices of oxidative stress, and progressive neurodegeneration that manifest primarily in spinocerebellar ataxia. Although the essential role of vitamin E in neurological health has been recognized for over 50 years, the mechanisms by which this essential nutrient is transported in the central nervous system are poorly understood. Here we found that, in the murine cerebellum, TTP is selectively expressed in GFAP-positive astrocytes, where it facilitates efflux of vitamin E to neighboring neurons. We also show that induction of oxidative stress enhances the transcription of the TtpA gene in cultured cerebellar astrocytes. Furthermore, secretion of vitamin E from astrocytes is mediated by an ABC-type transporter, and uptake of the vitamin into neurons involves the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) receptor. Taken together, our data indicate that TTP-expressing astrocytes control the delivery of vitamin E from astrocytes to neurons, and that this process is homeostatically responsive to oxidative stress. These are the first observations that address the detailed molecular mechanisms of vitamin E transport in the central nervous system, and these results have important implications for understanding the molecular underpinnings of oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ulatowski
- Department of Biology, Ursuline College, Pepper Pike, OH 44124
| | - Mikel Ghelfi
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Ryan West
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - J Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - C J Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616
| | - D Manor
- Departments of Nutrition and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; Case Western Reserve University and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106.
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Traber MG, Head B. Vitamin E: How much is enough, too much and why! Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:212-225. [PMID: 34699937 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
α-Tocopherol (α-T) is a required dietary nutrient for humans and thus is a vitamin. This narrative review focuses on vitamin E structures, functions, biological determinants and its deficiency symptoms in humans. The mechanisms for the preferential α-T tissue enrichment in the human body include the α-T transfer protein (TTPA) and the preferential metabolism of non-α-T forms. Potential new α-T biomarkers, pharmacokinetic data, and whether there are better approaches to evaluate and set the α-T dietary requirement are discussed. Finally, the possible role of α-T supplements in delay of chronic diseases and the evaluation of vitamin E safety are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, USA; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, USA.
| | - Brian Head
- Linus Pauling Institute, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Pacl HT, Tipper JL, Sevalkar RR, Crouse A, Crowder C, Ahmad S, Ahmad A, Holder GD, Kuhlman CJ, Chinta KC, Nadeem S, Green TJ, Petit CM, Steyn AJC, Might M, Harrod KS. Water-soluble tocopherol derivatives inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34282419 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.13.449251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has led to the global pandemic of the severe disease COVID-19 in humans. While efforts to quickly identify effective antiviral therapies have focused largely on repurposing existing drugs 1-4 , the current standard of care, remdesivir, remains the only authorized antiviral intervention of COVID-19 and provides only modest clinical benefits 5 . Here we show that water-soluble derivatives of α-tocopherol have potent antiviral activity and synergize with remdesivir as inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Through an artificial-intelligence-driven in silico screen and in vitro viral inhibition assay, we identified D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) as an effective antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 and β-coronaviruses more broadly that also displays strong synergy with remdesivir. We subsequently determined that TPGS and other water-soluble derivatives of α-tocopherol inhibit the transcriptional activity of purified SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and identified affinity binding sites for these compounds within a conserved, hydrophobic interface between SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 7 and nonstructural protein 8 that is functionally implicated in the assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp 6 . In summary, we conclude that solubilizing modifications to α-tocopherol allow it to interact with the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, making it an effective antiviral molecule alone and even more so in combination with remdesivir. These findings are significant given that many tocopherol derivatives, including TPGS, are considered safe for humans, orally bioavailable, and dramatically enhance the activity of the only approved antiviral for SARS-CoV-2 infection 7-9 .
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Wande DP, Cui Q, Chen S, Xu C, Xiong H, Yao J. Rediscovering Tocophersolan: A Renaissance for Nano-Based Drug Delivery and Nanotheranostic Applications. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:856-869. [PMID: 32525772 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200611140425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A unique and pleiotropic polymer, d-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (Tocophersolan), is a polymeric, synthetic version of vitamin E. Tocophersolan has attracted enormous attention as a versatile excipient in different biomedical applications including drug delivery systems and nutraceuticals. The multiple inherent properties of Tocophersolan allow it to play flexible roles in drug delivery system design, including excipients with outstanding biocompatibility, solubilizer with the ability to promote drug dissolution, drug permeation enhancer, P-glycoprotein inhibitor, and anticancer compound. For these reasons, Tocophersolan has been widely used for improving the bioavailability of numerous pharmaceutical active ingredients. Tocophersolan has been approved by stringent regulatory authorities (such as the US FDA, EMA, and PMDA) as a safe pharmaceutical excipient. In this review, the current advances in nano-based delivery systems consisting of Tocophersolan, with possibilities for futuristic applications in drug delivery, gene therapy, and nanotheranostics, were systematically curated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson P Wande
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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Rathod S, Bahadur P, Tiwari S. Nanocarriers based on vitamin E-TPGS: Design principle and molecular insights into improving the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Int J Pharm 2021; 592:120045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Barcelos I, Shadiack E, Ganetzky RD, Falk MJ. Mitochondrial medicine therapies: rationale, evidence, and dosing guidelines. Curr Opin Pediatr 2020; 32:707-718. [PMID: 33105273 PMCID: PMC7774245 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Primary mitochondrial disease is a highly heterogeneous but collectively common inherited metabolic disorder, affecting at least one in 4300 individuals. Therapeutic management of mitochondrial disease typically involves empiric prescription of enzymatic cofactors, antioxidants, and amino acid and other nutrient supplements, based on biochemical reasoning, historical experience, and consensus expert opinion. As the field continues to rapidly advance, we review here the preclinical and clinical evidence, and specific dosing guidelines, for common mitochondrial medicine therapies to guide practitioners in their prescribing practices. RECENT FINDINGS Since publication of Mitochondrial Medicine Society guidelines for mitochondrial medicine therapies management in 2009, data has emerged to support consideration for using additional therapeutic agents and discontinuation of several previously used agents. Preclinical animal modeling data have indicated a lack of efficacy for vitamin C as an antioxidant for primary mitochondrial disease, but provided strong evidence for vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine. Clinical data have suggested L-carnitine may accelerate atherosclerotic disease. Long-term follow up on L-arginine use as prophylaxis against or acute treatment for metabolic strokes has provided more data supporting its clinical use in individuals with mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome and Leigh syndrome. Further, several precision therapies have been developed for specific molecular causes and/or shared clinical phenotypes of primary mitochondrial disease. SUMMARY We provide a comprehensive update on mitochondrial medicine therapies based on current evidence and our single-center clinical experience to support or refute their use, and provide detailed dosing guidelines, for the clinical management of mitochondrial disease. The overarching goal of empiric mitochondrial medicines is to utilize therapies with favorable benefit-to-risk profiles that may stabilize and enhance residual metabolic function to improve cellular resiliency and slow clinical disease progression and/or prevent acute decompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Barcelos
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward Shadiack
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Ganetzky
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marni J. Falk
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Leme Goto P, Cinato M, Merachli F, Vons B, Jimenez T, Marsal D, Todua N, Loi H, Santin Y, Cassel S, Blanzat M, Tronchere H, Dejugnat C, Kunduzova O, Boal F. In vitro and in vivo cardioprotective and metabolic efficacy of vitamin E TPGS/Apelin. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 138:165-174. [PMID: 31836542 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Apelin and vitamin E have been proposed as signaling molecules, but their synergistic role is unknown. The aim of this work was to develop vitamin E TPGS/Apelin system to test their cardioprotective and metabolic efficacy in vitro and in vivo. METHODS FDA-approved surfactant D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS-1000) and Apelin complex were characterized by physico-chemical methods (CMC determination, dynamic light scattering and circular dichroism). In vitro studies were carried out on H9C2 cardiomyoblasts and isolated murine cardiomyocytes. In vivo studies were performed in isoproterenol- and high-fat diet-induced cardiac remodeling models in mice. RESULTS We found that vitamin E TPGS/Apelin provide cardioprotective and metabolic efficacy in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies revealed that vitamin E TPGS/Apelin reduces hypoxia-induced mitochondrial ROS production in cultured cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cardiomyoblasts. In addition, vitamin E TPGS/Apelin confers apoptotic response to hypoxic stress in cells. In a mouse model of isoproterenol-induced cardiac injury, TPGS is not able to affect cardiac remodeling, however combination of vitamin E TPGS and Apelin counteracts myocardial apoptosis, oxidative stress, hypertrophy and fibrosis. Furthermore, combination treatment attenuated obesity-induced cardiometabolic and fibrotic remodeling in mice. CONCLUSION Together, our data demonstrated the therapeutic benefits of vitamin E TPGS/Apelin complex to combat cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Leme Goto
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Mathieu Cinato
- INSERM U1048 I2MC, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Fadi Merachli
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Bohdana Vons
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Tony Jimenez
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Dimitri Marsal
- INSERM U1048 I2MC, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nika Todua
- INSERM U1048 I2MC, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Halyna Loi
- INSERM U1048 I2MC, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Yohan Santin
- INSERM U1048 I2MC, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Cassel
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Muriel Blanzat
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Helene Tronchere
- INSERM U1048 I2MC, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Dejugnat
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Oksana Kunduzova
- INSERM U1048 I2MC, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Boal
- INSERM U1048 I2MC, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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Nutrition Support of Children With Chronic Liver Diseases: A Joint Position Paper of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 69:498-511. [PMID: 31436707 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease places patients at increased risk of malnutrition that can be challenging to identify clinically and treat. Nutrition support is a key aspect of the management of these patients as it has an impact on their quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. There are significant gaps in the literature regarding the optimal nutrition support for patients with different types of liver diseases and the impact of these interventions on long-term outcomes. This Position Paper summarizes the available literature on the nutritional aspects of the care of patients with chronic liver diseases. Specifically, the challenges associated with the nutritional assessment of these subjects are discussed, and recently investigated approaches to determining the patients' nutritional status are reviewed. Furthermore, the pathophysiology of the malnutrition seen in the context of chronic liver disease is summarized and monitoring, as well as treatment, recommendations are provided. Lastly, suggestions for future research studies are described.
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Cuerq C, Henin E, Restier L, Blond E, Drai J, Marçais C, Di Filippo M, Laveille C, Michalski MC, Poinsot P, Caussy C, Sassolas A, Moulin P, Reboul E, Charriere S, Levy E, Lachaux A, Peretti N. Efficacy of two vitamin E formulations in patients with abetalipoproteinemia and chylomicron retention disease. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1640-1648. [PMID: 30021760 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m085043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) and chylomicron retention disease (CMRD) are extremely rare recessive forms of hypobetalipoproteinemia characterized by intestinal lipid malabsorption and severe vitamin E deficiency. Vitamin E is often supplemented in the form of fat-soluble vitamin E acetate, but fat malabsorption considerably limits correction of the deficiency. In this crossover study, we administered two different forms of vitamin E, tocofersolan (a water-soluble derivative of RRR-α-tocopherol) and α-tocopherol acetate, to three patients with ABL and four patients with CMRD. The aims of this study were to evaluate the intestinal absorption characteristics of tocofersolan versus α-tocopherol acetate by measuring the plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol over time after a single oral load and to compare efficacy by evaluating the ability of each formulation to restore vitamin E storage after 4 months of treatment. In patients with ABL, tocofersolan and α-tocopherol acetate bioavailabilities were extremely low (2.8% and 3.1%, respectively). In contrast, bioavailabilities were higher in patients with CMRD (tocofersolan, 24.7%; α-tocopherol acetate, 11.4%). Plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol at 4 months were not significantly different by formulation type in ABL or CMRD. This study provides new insights about vitamin E status in ABL and CMRD and suggests the potential of different formulations as treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Cuerq
- Biochemistry Department, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; INSERM U1060, INRA UMR 1397, INSA-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | - Lioara Restier
- Pediatric Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant de Lyon, Dyslipidemia Unity Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Emilie Blond
- Biochemistry Department, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; INSERM U1060, INRA UMR 1397, INSA-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jocelyne Drai
- Biochemistry Department, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; INSERM U1060, INRA UMR 1397, INSA-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Marçais
- Biochemistry Department, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; INSERM U1060, INRA UMR 1397, INSA-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Mathilde Di Filippo
- INSERM U1060, INRA UMR 1397, INSA-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, Bron, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Poinsot
- Pediatric Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant de Lyon, Dyslipidemia Unity Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Cyrielle Caussy
- INSERM U1060, INRA UMR 1397, INSA-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Agnès Sassolas
- INSERM U1060, INRA UMR 1397, INSA-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Philippe Moulin
- INSERM U1060, INRA UMR 1397, INSA-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, Bron, France
| | | | - Sybil Charriere
- INSERM U1060, INRA UMR 1397, INSA-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Lachaux
- INSERM U1060, INRA UMR 1397, INSA-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Pediatric Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant de Lyon, Dyslipidemia Unity Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Noël Peretti
- INSERM U1060, INRA UMR 1397, INSA-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Pediatric Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant de Lyon, Dyslipidemia Unity Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, Bron, France.
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Current therapies in alleviating liver disorders and cancers with a special focus on the potential of vitamin D. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:13. [PMID: 29449867 PMCID: PMC5807831 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver dysfunction is a topic of global concern with many advancing therapies being researched. Though vitamin D takes a center place, other therapies especially nutritional are also gaining ground. Vitamin D has gone beyond its role in skeletal disorders by showcasing its associations in other metabolic dysfunctions too. Result Epidemiological evidences show a correlation between the status of vitamin D and different forms of cancer. Vitamin D receptors and alterations in gene expression appear decisive in the development of chronic liver disorders. Nutritional status therefore plays a significant role in avoiding the complications related to liver dysfunctions, making it mandatory in maintaining vitamin D sufficiency in the body. Therapies with omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, amino acids, steroids also render benefits which could be further explored. Recent research on the progression of certain forms of liver cancer using vitamin D analogs like Seocalcitol EB 1089 has shown good promise. Conclusion The anti-inflammatory and immuno- regulatory properties of vitamin D makes its analogs, suitable candidates of better choice for the prevention and treatment of liver disorders and cancer.
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Concomitant solubility-permeability increase: Vitamin E TPGS vs. amorphous solid dispersion as oral delivery systems for etoposide. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 121:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Yang CH, Perumpail BJ, Yoo ER, Ahmed A, Kerner JA. Nutritional Needs and Support for Children with Chronic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101127. [PMID: 29035331 PMCID: PMC5691743 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition has become a dangerously common problem in children with chronic liver disease, negatively impacting neurocognitive development and growth. Furthermore, many children with chronic liver disease will eventually require liver transplantation. Thus, this association between malnourishment and chronic liver disease in children becomes increasingly alarming as malnutrition is a predictor of poorer outcomes in liver transplantation and is often associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition requires aggressive and appropriate management to correct nutritional deficiencies. A comprehensive review of the literature has found that infants with chronic liver disease (CLD) are particularly susceptible to malnutrition given their low reserves. Children with CLD would benefit from early intervention by a multi-disciplinary team, to try to achieve nutritional rehabilitation as well as to optimize outcomes for liver transplant. This review explains the multifactorial nature of malnutrition in children with chronic liver disease, defines the nutritional needs of these children, and discusses ways to optimize their nutritional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Yang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Brandon J Perumpail
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
| | - Eric R Yoo
- Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA 95128, USA.
| | - Aijaz Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - John A Kerner
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
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Abu-Fayyad A, Nazzal S. Synthesis, characterization, and in-vitro antitumor activity of the polyethylene glycol (350 and 1000) succinate derivatives of the tocopherol and tocotrienol isomers of Vitamin E. Int J Pharm 2017; 519:145-156. [PMID: 28093324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E refers to a group of saturated tocopherol (T) isomers and the biologically more active unsaturated tocotrienol (T3) isomers. PEGylated α-tocopherol, commercially known as Vitamin E TPGS, has been used as an emulsifier and therapeutic agent for children with vitamin E deficiency. Limited information, however, is available about the PEG conjugates of the tocotrienol isomers of vitamin E. The current work was therefore undertaken to synthesize and characterize the water soluble polyethylene glycol (PEG 350 and 1000) derivatives of T and T3. Yield and the identity of the synthesized products were confirmed by 1H NMR, mass spectroscopy, HPLC, and thermal analysis. The self-assembly of the PEGylated vitamin E isomers in water at critical micelle concentrations (CMC) was further confirmed by size, zeta, and Cryo-TEM image analysis. While stable at pH 7.4, PEG conjugates were found to rapidly hydrolyze at pH 1.2. Our data showed that PEGylated T3 isomers were significantly more active as inhibitors for P-glycoprotein than PEGylated T. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the conjugates was also tested against a large panel of normal and tumorigenic cells. Of the conjugates, γ-T3PGS 1000 and δ-T3PGS 1000 were found to have the least toxicity against non-tumorigenic breast and pancreatic cell lines, which may be advantageous for its use as functional excipients in drug delivery. The results from the current work have demonstrated the feasibility of synthesizing PEGylated conjugates of vitamin E isomers and highlighted the potential use of these conjugates in drug delivery as functional and safer excipients especially for γ-T3PGS 1000 and δ-T3PGS 1000 conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abu-Fayyad
- College of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Sami Nazzal
- College of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA; College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ghadi R, Dand N. BCS class IV drugs: Highly notorious candidates for formulation development. J Control Release 2017; 248:71-95. [PMID: 28088572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BCS class IV drugs (e.g., amphotericin B, furosemide, acetazolamide, ritonavir, paclitaxel) exhibit many characteristics that are problematic for effective oral and per oral delivery. Some of the problems associated include low aqueous solubility, poor permeability, erratic and poor absorption, inter and intra subject variability and significant positive food effect which leads to low and variable bioavailability. Also, most of the class IV drugs are substrate for P-glycoprotein (low permeability) and substrate for CYP3A4 (extensive pre systemic metabolism) which further potentiates the problem of poor therapeutic potential of these drugs. A decade back, extreme examples of class IV compounds were an exception rather than the rule, yet today many drug candidates under development pipeline fall into this category. Formulation and development of an efficacious delivery system for BCS class IV drugs are herculean tasks for any formulator. The inherent hurdles posed by these drugs hamper their translation to actual market. The importance of the formulation composition and design to successful drug development is especially illustrated by the BCS class IV case. To be clinically effective these drugs require the development of a proper delivery system for both oral and per oral delivery. Ideal oral dosage forms should produce both a reasonably high bioavailability and low inter and intra subject variability in absorption. Also, ideal systems for BCS class IV should produce a therapeutic concentration of the drug at reasonable dose volumes for intravenous administration. This article highlights the various techniques and upcoming strategies which can be employed for the development of highly notorious BCS class IV drugs. Some of the techniques employed are lipid based delivery systems, polymer based nanocarriers, crystal engineering (nanocrystals and co-crystals), liquisolid technology, self-emulsifying solid dispersions and miscellaneous techniques addressing the P-gp efflux problem. The review also focuses on the roadblocks in the clinical development of the aforementioned strategies such as problems in scale up, manufacturing under cGMP guidelines, appropriate quality control tests, validation of various processes and variable therein etc. It also brings to forefront the current lack of regulatory guidelines which poses difficulties during preclinical and clinical testing for submission of NDA and subsequent marketing. Today, the pharmaceutical industry has as its disposal a series of reliable and scalable formulation strategies for BCS Class IV drugs. However, due to lack of understanding of the basic physical chemistry behind these strategies formulation development is still driven by trial and error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Ghadi
- IPDO, Innovation Plaza, Dr Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Bachupally, Hyderabad, 500090, India.
| | - Neha Dand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, 400064, India
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Oral Tocofersolan Corrects or Prevents Vitamin E Deficiency in Children With Chronic Cholestasis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 63:610-615. [PMID: 27429423 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES D-Alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (Tocofersolan, Vedrop), has been developed in Europe to provide an orally bioavailable source of vitamin E in children with cholestasis. The aim was to analyze the safety/efficacy of Vedrop in a large group of children with chronic cholestasis. METHODS Two hundred seventy-four children receiving Vedrop for vitamin E deficiency or for its prophylaxis were included from 7 European centers. Median age at treatment onset was 2 months and median follow-up was 11 months. Vedrop was prescribed at a daily dose of 0.34 mL/kg (25 IU/kg) of body weight. Three methods were used to determine a sufficient serum vitamin E status: vitamin E, vitamin E/(total cholesterol), vitamin E/(total cholesterol + triglycerides). RESULTS Before Vedrop therapy, 51% of children had proven vitamin E deficiency, 30% had normal vitamin E status and 19% had an unknown vitamin E status. During the first months of treatment, vitamin E status was restored in the majority of children with insufficient levels at baseline (89% had a normal status at 6 months). All children with a normal baseline vitamin E status had a normal vitamin E status at 6 months. Among children with an unknown vitamin E status at baseline, 93% had a normal vitamin E status at 6 months. A sufficient vitamin E status was observed in 80% of children with significant cholestasis (serum total bilirubin >34.2 μmol/L). No serious adverse reaction was reported. CONCLUSIONS Vedrop seems a safe and effective oral formulation of vitamin E that restores and/or maintains sufficient serum vitamin E level in the majority of children with cholestasis, avoiding the need for intramuscular vitamin E injections.
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23
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Muller DPR. Vitamin E and neurological function: lessons from patients with abetalipoproteinaemia. Redox Rep 2016; 1:239-45. [DOI: 10.1080/13510002.1995.11746993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Biocompatible Zr-based nanoscale MOFs coated with modified poly(ε-caprolactone) as anticancer drug carriers. Int J Pharm 2016; 509:208-218. [PMID: 27235556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale Zr-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) UiO-66 and UiO-67 were studied as potential anticancer drug delivery vehicles. Two model drugs were used, hydrophobic paclitaxel and hydrophilic cisplatin, and were adsorbed onto/into the nano MOFs (NMOFs). The drug loaded MOFs were further encapsulated inside a modified poly(ε-caprolactone) with d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate polymeric matrix, in the form of microparticles, in order to prepare sustained release formulations and to reduce the drug toxicity. The drugs physical state and release rate was studied at 37°C using Simulated Body Fluid. It was found that the drug release depends on the interaction between the MOFs and the drugs while the controlled release rates can be attributed to the microencapsulated formulations. The in vitro antitumor activity was assessed using HSC-3 (human oral squamous carcinoma; head and neck) and U-87 MG (human glioblastoma grade IV; astrocytoma) cancer cells. Cytotoxicity studies for both cell lines showed that the polymer coated, drug loaded MOFs exhibited better anticancer activity compared to free paclitaxel and cisplatin solutions at different concentrations.
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25
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Khare V, Sakarchi WA, Gupta PN, Curtis ADM, Hoskins C. Synthesis and characterization of TPGS–gemcitabine prodrug micelles for pancreatic cancer therapy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09347g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of a novel polymer-drug conjugate formulation in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Khare
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine
- Keele University
- Keele
- UK
- Formulation and Drug Delivery Division
| | | | - Prem N. Gupta
- Formulation and Drug Delivery Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- India 180001
| | | | - Clare Hoskins
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine
- Keele University
- Keele
- UK
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Fialho A, Fialho A, Kochhar G, Shen B. The presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with ileal pouch anal- anastomosis is associated with an additional risk for vitamin D deficiency. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2015; 4:320-324. [PMID: 26290513 PMCID: PMC5193058 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gov035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC). Whether vitamin D levels are further lowered in patients with concomitant IPAA and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of PSC as a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency in patients with UC and IPAA. Methods: In this case control study, 74 patients with concurrent IPAA and PSC were included in the study group, and 79 patients with IPAA, but without PSC, served as controls. Forty-four variables were analyzed. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis with stepwise logistic regression were performed. Results: A total 153 eligible patients were included, with 74 (48.4%) in the study group and 79 (51.6%) in the control group. Vitamin D level in the study group was 18.9 ± 1.4 ng/dL compared with 30.3 ± 1.7 ng/d in the control group (P = 0.011). Vitamin D deficiency (≤ 20 ng/dL) was present in 65 (42.5%) patients. PSC occurred in 49 (75.4%) of the 65 patients with vitamin D deficiency. In the multivariate analysis, only the presence of PSC (odds ratio [OR]: 7.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.39–24.08; P = 0.001) and vitamin D supplementation (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.57–9.19; P = 0.018) remained associated with vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: The presence of PSC was found to be an independent risk factor for vitamin D deficiency in UC patients with IPAA. These patients should be routinely screened and closely monitored for vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Fialho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA and
| | - Andrea Fialho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA and
| | - Gursimran Kochhar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Restellini S, Alaei M, Matthes T, Kherad O, Moschetta A, Spahr L. Effect of hydrosoluble vitamin E on erythrocyte membrane lipid composition in patients with advanced cirrhosis: An open-label pilot trial. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:890-7. [PMID: 25286983 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM Deficiency in vitamin E, a natural antioxidant, participates in abnormal erythrocyte membrane lipids, structural alterations and hemolysis in advanced cirrhosis. Poor absorption of fat-soluble vitamins limits full correction of deficiency with standard formulations in cirrhosis with cholestasis. The aim of the present study was to examine safety and effects of tocofersolan, a water-soluble derivative of vitamin E, on erythrocyte membrane lipids and anemia in patients with biopsy-proven advanced cirrhosis, vitamin E deficiency and hemolysis. METHODS Twenty patients (age, 53 ± 10 years; Child class B/C, 8/12), with low plasma vitamin E, chronic anemia and hemolysis, received oral tocofersolan 700 mg/day for 4 weeks. Erythrocyte membrane lipid composition (cholesterol [Chol], phospholipids [Phosph]) was determined by enzymatic assays. Total and conjugated bilirubin, hemoglobin and vitamin E were measured. RESULTS Abdominal pain occurred in one patient. Five patients received blood transfusions due to severe anemia. After 4 weeks, both Chol and Phosph decreased, but changes were not significant. Both plasma vitamin E (P < 0.05) and hemoglobin (P < 0.05) increased, together with a decrease in total (P < 0.05) and conjugated (P < 0.05) bilirubin. CONCLUSION In patients with advanced cirrhosis, low vitamin E plasma levels and chronic anemia with hemolysis, oral tocofersolan was overall well tolerated, but did not affect erythrocyte membrane lipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Restellini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mahnaz Alaei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Matthes
- Department of Hematology, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Omar Kherad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital La Tour, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Laurent Spahr
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abu-Fayyad A, Behery F, Sallam AA, Alqahtani S, Ebrahim H, El Sayed KA, Kaddoumi A, Sylvester PW, Carroll JL, Cardelli JA, Nazzal S. PEGylated γ-tocotrienol isomer of vitamin E: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity, and oral bioavailability. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 96:185-95. [PMID: 26235392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E refers to a family of eight isomers divided into two subgroups, tocopherols and the therapeutically active tocotrienols (T3). The PEGylated α-tocopherol isomer of vitamin E (vitamin E TPGS) has been extensively investigated for its solubilizing capacity as a nonionic surfactant in various drug delivery systems. Limited information, however, is available about the PEG conjugates of the tocotrienol isomers of vitamin E. In this study two PEGylated γ-T3 variants with mPEG molecular weights of 350 (γ-T3PGS 350) and 1000 (γ-T3PGS 1000) were synthesized by a two-step reaction procedure and characterized by (1)H NMR, HPLC, and mass spectroscopy. The physical properties of their self-assemblies in water were characterized by zeta, CMC, and size analysis. Similar physical properties were found between the PEGylated T3 and vitamin E TPGS. PEGylated T3 were also found to retain the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the free T3 against the MCF-7 and the triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. PEGylated γ-T3 also increased the oral bioavailability of γ-T3 by threefolds when compared to the bioavailability of γ-T3 formulated into a self-emulsified drug delivery system. No significant differences in biological activity were found between the PEG 350 and 100 conjugates. Results from this study suggest that PEGylation of γ-T3 represents a viable platform for the oral and parenteral delivery of γ-T3 for potential use in the prevention of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abu-Fayyad
- College of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Fathy Behery
- College of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Asmaa A Sallam
- College of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Saeed Alqahtani
- College of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Hassan Ebrahim
- College of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Khalid A El Sayed
- College of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Amal Kaddoumi
- College of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Paul W Sylvester
- College of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Carroll
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - James A Cardelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Sami Nazzal
- College of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA; College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Drug Delivery Innovations for Enhancing the Anticancer Potential of Vitamin E Isoforms and Their Derivatives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:584862. [PMID: 26137487 PMCID: PMC4475563 DOI: 10.1155/2015/584862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E isoforms have been extensively studied for their anticancer properties. Novel drug delivery systems (DDS) that include liposomes, nanoparticles, and micelles are actively being developed to improve Vitamin E delivery. Furthermore, several drug delivery systems that incorporate Vitamin E isoforms have been synthesized in order to increase the bioavailability of chemotherapeutic agents or to provide a synergistic effect. D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (Vitamin E TPGS or TPGS) is a synthetic derivative of natural alpha-tocopherol which is gaining increasing interest in the development of drug delivery systems and has also shown promising anticancer effect as a single agent. This review provides a summary of the properties and anticancer effects of the most potent Vitamin E isoforms and an overview of the various formulations developed to improve their efficacy, with an emphasis on the use of TPGS in drug delivery approaches.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Byler disease, originally described in Amish kindred, results from mutations in ATPase Class I Type 8b Member 1 (ATP8b1). Specific clinical reports of Amish Byler disease were last published 40 years ago. These investigations were directed at the present detailed clinical understanding of the early course of hepatic manifestations of Byler disease. METHODS This study analyzed routine clinical practice and outcomes of children with Byler disease (defined by homozygous c.923G>T mutation in ATP8b1), who initially presented to Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC between January 2007 and October 2014. Data were analyzed to the earlier of 24 months of age or partial external biliary diversion. RESULTS Six children presented between 1 and 135 days of life: 2 presented with newborn direct hyperbilirubinemia, 2 had complications of coagulopathy, 1 had failure to thrive and rickets, and 1 sibling was identified by newborn genetic testing. Intensive fat-soluble vitamin supplementation was required to prevent insufficiencies in vitamins D, E, and K. Hyperbilirubinemia was variable both over time and between children. Serum bile acid levels were elevated, whereas γ-glutamyltranspeptidase levels were low normal. Scratching behavior (pruritus) was intractable in 4 of 6 children with onset between 6 and 12 months of age. Features of portal hypertension were not observed. Partial external biliary diversion was used during the second year of life in 4 children. CONCLUSIONS Detailed analysis of Byler disease revealed varied disease presentation and course. Nutritional issues and pruritus dominated the clinical picture in the first 2 years of life.
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Duan Y, Cai X, Du H, Zhai G. Novel in situ gel systems based on P123/TPGS mixed micelles and gellan gum for ophthalmic delivery of curcumin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 128:322-330. [PMID: 25707750 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural polyphenol compound, has been widely reported for diverse pharmacological effects and already been investigated for eye diseases. However, the water-insolubility of curcumin and the inherent penetration barriers in cornea make it difficult for curcumin to enter eye. This work aimed to develop ion-sensitive curcumin-loaded Pluronic P123 (P123)/D-a-tocopheryl polyethylene glycolsuccinate (TPGS) mixed micelle in situ gels (CUR-MM-ISGs) to prolong ocular retention time and improve cornea permeability. Central composite design-response surface methodology was applied for the optimization of curcumin-loaded P123/TPGS mixed micelles (CUR-MMs). Characterization tests showed that CUR-MMs were in spherical shape with small size and low critical micelle concentration. After dispersing the micelles in gellan gum solution (0.2%, w/w) at the ratio of 3:1 and 1:1 (v/v), respectively, CUR-MM-ISGs were formed and presented transparent appearance. Sustained release profile was obtained in vitro for both CUR-MM-ISGs (3:1 or 1:1, v/v). The irritation test proved that CUR-MM-ISGs as ophthalmic formulations were gentle and biocompatible towards ocular tissues. In addition, the ex vivo corneal penetration study indicated that the cumulative drug permeation amount of CUR-MM-ISGs (3:1, v/v) was respectively 1.16-fold and 1.32-fold higher than CUR-MM-ISGs (1:1, v/v) and curcumin solution. It can be concluded from these results that the developed ion-sensitive mixed micelle in situ gel system is a potential ophthalmic delivery carrier for curcumin as a poorly soluble drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hongliang Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China.
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Guo Y, Luo J, Tan S, Otieno BO, Zhang Z. The applications of Vitamin E TPGS in drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:175-86. [PMID: 23485439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
D-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (simply TPGS or Vitamin E TPGS) is formed by the esterification of Vitamin E succinate with polyethylene glycol 1000. As novel nonionic surfactant, it exhibits amphipathic properties and can form stable micelles in aqueous vehicles at concentration as low as 0.02 wt%. It has been widely investigated for its emulsifying, dispersing, gelling, and solubilizing effects on poorly water-soluble drugs. It can also act as a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor and has been served as an excipient for overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) and for increasing the oral bioavailability of many anticancer drugs. Since TPGS has been approved by FDA as a safe pharmaceutic adjuvant, many TPGS-based drug delivery systems (DDS) have been developed. In this review, we discuss TPGS properties as a P-gp inhibitor, solubilizer/absorption and permeation enhancer in drug delivery and TPGS-related formulations such as nanocrystals, nanosuspensions, tablets/solid dispersions, adjuvant in vaccine systems, nutrition supplement, plasticizer of film, anticancer reagent and so on. This review will greatly impact and bring out new insights in the use of TPGS in DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guo
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
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Vijayakumar MR, Muthu MS, Singh S. Copolymers of poly(lactic acid) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-based nanomedicines: versatile multifunctional platforms for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:529-43. [PMID: 23316695 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.758632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The major drawbacks associated with most of the anti-cancer drugs are their potential adverse effects. Distribution of these drugs throughout the body causes untoward adverse effects and less accumulation of drug at the site of tumors also causes decrease in therapeutic efficacy. Targeted nanomedicines are the emerging systems to improve the targetability of drug to the tumor site and to reduce the toxicity with maximum efficacy. Copolymers of poly-lactic acid (PLA) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (Vitamin-E TPGS or TPGS) are innovative materials being actively investigated for the fabrication of non-targeted and targeted nanomedicines for diagnosis and therapy of cancer. AREAS COVERED In this review, different nanomedicines of copolymers such as poly-lactic acid - polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (PLA - Tween® 80), poly-lactic acid - poly-ethyleneglycol (PLA-PEG), poly-lactic acid-D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (PLA-TPGS) and TPGS-based nanomedicines (i.e., TPGS emulsified polymeric nanoparticles, TPGS prodrugs, TPGS liposomes, and TPGS micelles) for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer have been discussed. EXPERT OPINION PLA, PLA-Tween® 80, PLA-PEG, PLA-TPGS, and TPGS are the promising polymeric biomaterials well studied as cancer nanomedicines. These biomaterials have proved that they could be applied in the fabrication of multifunctional nanomedicines for the future needs in simultaneous diagnosis of cancer as well as targeted chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalingam R Vijayakumar
- Banaras Hindu University, Indian Institute of Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Varanasi 221005 (U.P), India
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Shneider BL, Magee JC, Bezerra JA, Haber B, Karpen SJ, Raghunathan T, Rosenthal P, Schwarz K, Suchy FJ, Kerkar N, Turmelle Y, Whitington PF, Robuck PR, Sokol RJ. Efficacy of fat-soluble vitamin supplementation in infants with biliary atresia. Pediatrics 2012; 130:e607-14. [PMID: 22891232 PMCID: PMC3428752 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cholestasis predisposes to fat-soluble vitamin (FSV) deficiencies. A liquid multiple FSV preparation made with tocopheryl polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate (TPGS) is frequently used in infants with biliary atresia (BA) because of ease of administration and presumed efficacy. In this prospective multicenter study, we assessed the prevalence of FSV deficiency in infants with BA who received this FSV/TPGS preparation. METHODS Infants received FSV/TPGS coadministered with additional vitamin K as routine clinical care in a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of corticosteroid therapy after hepatoportoenterostomy (HPE) for BA (identifier NCT 00294684). Levels of FSV, retinol binding protein, total serum lipids, and total bilirubin (TB) were measured 1, 3, and 6 months after HPE. RESULTS Ninety-two infants with BA were enrolled in this study. Biochemical evidence of FSV insufficiency was common at all time points for vitamin A (29%-36% of patients), vitamin D (21%-37%), vitamin K (10%-22%), and vitamin E (16%-18%). Vitamin levels were inversely correlated with serum TB levels. Biochemical FSV insufficiency was much more common (15%-100% for the different vitamins) in infants whose TB was ≥2 mg/dL. At 3 and 6 months post HPE, only 3 of 24 and 0 of 23 infants, respectively, with TB >2 mg/dL were sufficient in all FSV. CONCLUSIONS Biochemical FSV insufficiency is commonly observed in infants with BA and persistent cholestasis despite administration of a TPGS containing liquid multiple FSV preparation. Individual vitamin supplementation and careful monitoring are warranted in infants with BA, especially those with TB >2 mg/dL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Shneider
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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Gulaka PK, Rastogi U, McKay MA, Wang X, Mason RP, Kodibagkar VD. Hexamethyldisiloxane-based nanoprobes for (1) H MRI oximetry. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:1226-1234. [PMID: 21412864 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative in vivo oximetry has been reported using (19) F MRI in conjunction with reporter molecules, such as perfluorocarbons, for tissue oxygenation (pO(2) ). Recently, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) has been proposed as a promising alternative reporter molecule for (1) H MRI-based measurement of pO(2) . To aid biocompatibility for potential systemic administration, we prepared various nanoemulsion formulations using a wide range of HMDSO volume fractions and HMDSO to surfactant ratios. Calibration curves (R(1) versus pO(2) ) for all emulsion formulations were found to be linear and similar to neat HMDSO for low surfactant concentrations (<10% v/v). A small temperature dependence in the calibration curves was observed, similar to previous reports on neat HMDSO, and was characterized to be approximately 1 Torr/ °C under hypoxic conditions. To demonstrate application in vivo, 100 µL of this nanoemulsion was administered to healthy rat thigh muscle (Fisher 344, n=6). Dynamic changes in mean thigh tissue pO(2) were measured using the PISTOL (proton imaging of siloxanes to map tissue oxygenation levels) technique in response to oxygen challenge. Changing the inhaled gas to oxygen for 30 min increased the mean pO(2) significantly (p<0.001) from 39 ± 7 to 275 ± 27 Torr. When the breathing gas was switched back to air, the tissue pO(2) decreased to a mean value of 45 ± 6 Torr, not significantly different from baseline (p>0.05), in 25 min. A first-order exponential fit to this part of the pO(2) data (i.e. after oxygen challenge) yielded an oxygen consumption-related kinetic parameter k=0.21 ± 0.04 min(-1) . These results demonstrate the feasibility of using HMDSO nanoemulsions as nanoprobes of pO(2) and their utility to assess oxygen dynamics in vivo, further developing quantitative (1) H MRI oximetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K Gulaka
- Joint Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas & University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA
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Surface modification of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles by d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate as potential carrier for the delivery of drugs to the brain. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sultan MI, Leon CDG, Biank VF. Role of nutrition in pediatric chronic liver disease. Nutr Clin Pract 2011; 26:401-8. [PMID: 21531738 DOI: 10.1177/0884533611405535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in energy and nutrient metabolism. Malnutrition is highly prevalent among patients with chronic liver disease and leads to increased morbidity and mortality rates. This review addresses the causes of malnutrition, methods used to assess nutrition status, and appropriate treatment strategies in pediatric patients with chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaz I Sultan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin/Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Abstract
The clinical, neuropathological and electrophysiological evidence that vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) is essential for normal neurological function will be reviewed. The possible reasons why neural tissues should be particularly affected by a deficiency of this fat-soluble vitamin and the mechanism(s) involved will be considered.
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Socha P, Skorupa E, Pawlowska J, Wierzbicka A, Dhawan A, Jankowska I, Karczmarewicz E, Kubalska J, Lukaszkiewicz J, Lorenc R. beta-Carotene deficiency in cholestatic liver disease of childhood is caused by beta-carotene malabsorption. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 51:106-9. [PMID: 20479682 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e3181d1afff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND : Depletion of beta-carotene (b-c) has not been extensively studied in children with chronic cholestatic liver disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS : We assessed b-c serum concentration in 53 children with cholestatic liver disease: 19 patients operated on for biliary atresia, 12 with Alagille syndrome, and 22 with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. To test b-c absorption, 6 children with chronic cholestasis received a load of 10 mg b-c/kg body weight. RESULTS : We found decreased b-c concentrations in 45 patients. The absorption of b-c was not detectable in 5 of 6 children studied. CONCLUSIONS : b-c depletion is a common problem of chronic cholestatic liver disease in childhood that can be attributed to disturbed intestinal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Socha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Immunology, Poland.
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Abstract
Optimal functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system is dependent on a constant supply of appropriate nutrients. The first section of this review discusses neurologic manifestations related to deficiency of key nutrients such as vitamin B(12), folate, copper, vitamin E, thiamine, and others. The second section addresses neurologic complications related to bariatric surgery. The third sections includes neurologic presentations caused by nutrient deficiencies in the setting of alcoholism. The concluding section addresses neurologic deficiency diseases that have a geographic predilection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Westergren T, Kalikstad B. Dosage and formulation issues: oral vitamin E therapy in children. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010; 66:109-18. [PMID: 19823814 PMCID: PMC2805799 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-009-0729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral vitamin E is used in several childhood diseases, but dosage recommendations differ. Few oral products have a marketing authorization for therapeutic use in children. Preliminary data indicate differences in bioavailability among the various vitamin E compounds. Our objective was to review published data on oral vitamin E therapy in neonates and children in order to establish dosage recommendations at a local level. METHODS A literature search was conducted, including Medline Ovid, EMBASE (1980-Feb 2008), Cochrane databases, product monographs, handbooks, and textbooks. RESULTS The main vitamin E compounds being used in children are alpha-tocopherol, alpha-tocopheryl acetate, and tocofersolan. The most data are available on tocopheryl acetate, both in neonates and older children. In children with malabsorption disorders, tocofersolan appears to have an increased bioavailability compared to tocopherol or tocopheryl acetate. Published data on pharmacokinetics and dosages for clinical use are few and heterogeneous. No pharmacokinetic studies were found for tocofersolan in neonates and infants. There are few comparative studies on pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children. Dosages used in clinical studies and dosage recommendations in handbooks differ considerably. CONCLUSIONS The differences in dosing recommendations in children may be due to lack of systematic studies. Existing published data on oral vitamin E do not provide a basis for evaluation of dosage recommendations in children. Comparative clinical studies are required for scientific evaluation of pharmacokinetics, dosage regimens, and efficacy/ADR assessments in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tone Westergren
- RELIS, Regional Medicines Information Center, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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Jacquemin E, Hermeziu B, Kibleur Y, Friteau I, Mathieu D, Le Coz F, Moyse D, Gérardin M, Jacqz-Aigrain E, Munck A. Bioavailability of oral vitamin E formulations in adult volunteers and children with chronic cholestasis or cystic fibrosis. J Clin Pharm Ther 2009; 34:515-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nightingale S, Ng VL. Optimizing nutritional management in children with chronic liver disease. Pediatr Clin North Am 2009; 56:1161-83. [PMID: 19931069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition is common in infants and children with chronic liver disease (CLD) and may easily be underestimated by clinical appearance alone. The cause of malnutrition in CLD is multifactorial, although insufficient dietary intake is probably the most important factor and is correctable. Fat malabsorption occurs in cholestatic disorders, and one must also consider any accompanying fat-soluble vitamin and essential fatty acid deficiencies. The clinician should proactively evaluate, treat, and re-evaluate response to treatment of nutritional deficiencies. Because a better nutritional state is associated with better survival before and after liver transplantation, aggressive nutritional management is an important part of the care of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Nightingale
- SickKids Transplant Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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Ren F, Jing Q, Cui J, Shen Y. Synthesis and Characterization of D-α-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate-Block-Poly (ε-caprolactone) Copolymer Used as Carriers for Microparticles. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690802701507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sadoqi M, Lau-Cam C, Wu S. Investigation of the micellar properties of the tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate surfactants TPGS 400 and TPGS 1000 by steady state fluorometry. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 333:585-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Haber BA, Erlichman J, Loomes KM. Recent advances in biliary atresia: prospects for novel therapies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2009; 17:1911-24. [PMID: 19012506 DOI: 10.1517/13543780802514120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive fibro-obliterative disease of the extrahepatic biliary tree that presents with biliary obstruction before 2 months of age. Untreated BA is a uniformly fatal disease and even with our current therapies only 50% of children with BA will be transplant-free by 2 years of age. Despite descriptions of this disorder dating back to the 1800s our current therapies are palliative. They focus on prompt diagnosis, supportive nutritional care and interventions for sequelae. OBJECTIVE To present the literature supporting current treatment strategies and potential future therapies. METHOD Each of the aspects of care is described and the literature about nuances of care is provided. CONCLUSION Therapies will not improve outcomes until novel treatments are introduced, such as those suggested, which may intervene in the inflammatory or fibrotic steps of the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Haber
- Associate Professor of Pediatrics The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of GI, Hepatology & Nutrition, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Jiao J. Polyoxyethylated nonionic surfactants and their applications in topical ocular drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:1663-73. [PMID: 18845195 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Topical dosing of ophthalmic drugs to the eye is a widely accepted route of administration because of convenience, ease of use, and non-invasiveness. However, it has been well recognized that topical ocular delivery endures a low bioavailability due to the anatomical and physiological constraints of the eye which limit drug absorption from the pre-corneal surface. Nonionic surfactants as versatile functional agents in topical ocular drug delivery systems are uniquely suited to meet the challenges through their potential ability to increase bioavailability by increasing drug solubility, prolonging pre-corneal retention, and enhancing permeability. This review attempts to place in perspective the importance of polyoxyethylated nonionic surfactants in the design and development of topical ocular drug delivery systems by assessing their compatibility with common ophthalmic inactive ingredients, their impact on product stability, and their roles in facilitating ocular drugs to reach the target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Jiao
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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Sheu MT, Wu AB, Lin KP, Shen CH, Ho HO. Effect of Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate on the Percutaneous Penetration of Minoxidil from Water/Ethanol/Polyethylene Glycol 400 Solutions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 32:595-607. [PMID: 16720414 DOI: 10.1080/03639040600599848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We described to achieve the local retention of minoxidil which has penetrated the skin with minimization of its absorption into the general circulation and elimination of local irritation induced by propylene glycol. The effect of tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) on the penetration flux of minoxidil and its retention in the skin from topical minoxidil formulations consisting of water, alcohol, and polyethylene glycol 400 was characterized by an experimental design of ten solvent formulations in this study. Results show that the addition of TPGS was only able to improve the solubility of minoxidil in those solvent systems containing higher proportions of water and PEG 400, and the extent of improvement was also more profound with the addition of TPGS at concentrations higher than 5%. For those solvent systems containing a higher fraction of alcohol, an insignificant change in minoxidil solubility with increasing added amounts of TPGS was noted even with the tendency to decrease the solubility of minoxidil with higher amounts of TPGS. Increasing the amount of TPGS added gradually increased the flux and the corrected flux from solvent formulations with a lower solubility parameter, but decreased those from solvent systems with a higher solubility parameter. With the addition of TPGS, solvent formulation F6 (alcohol:PEG 400 of 50:50) was demonstrated to be the optimal choice by having an improved local effect and a reduced systemic effect compared to the reference of 2% Regaine((R)). Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) was mainly retained locally in the stratum corneum, and the amount was proportional to the increase in the amount of TPGS added to these ten solvent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Thau Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110 ROC, Taiwan
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Baker A, Stevenson R, Dhawan A, Goncalves I, Socha P, Sokal E. Guidelines for nutritional care for infants with cholestatic liver disease before liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2007; 11:825-34. [PMID: 17976116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2007.00792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infants with cholestatic liver disease are at risk of various nutritional deficiencies. They require regular review with appropriate interventions to prevent complications and ensure optimum possible status if liver transplantation becomes necessary. We propose evidence based and internationally agreed guidelines for their care with recommendations for therapeutic strategies and for service organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Baker
- Paediatric Liver Department, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Shneider
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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