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Gaber W, Abdel-maksoud FM. Interrenal tissue, chromaffin cells and corpuscles of Stannius of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Microscopy (Oxf) 2019; 68:195-206. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfy146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Gaber
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Abdel-maksoud
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Renin-angiotensin system in vertebrates: phylogenetic view of structure and function. Anat Sci Int 2016; 92:215-247. [PMID: 27718210 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-016-0372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Renin substrate, biological renin activity, and/or renin-secreting cells in kidneys evolved at an early stage of vertebrate phylogeny. Angiotensin (Ang) I and II molecules have been identified biochemically in representative species of all vertebrate classes, although variation occurs in amino acids at positions 1, 5, and 9 of Ang I. Variations have also evolved in amino acid positions 3 and 4 in some cartilaginous fish. Angiotensin receptors, AT1 and AT2 homologues, have been identified molecularly or characterized pharmacologically in nonmammalian vertebrates. Also, various forms of angiotensins that bypass the traditional renin-angiotensin system (RAS) cascades or those from large peptide substrates, particularly in tissues, are present. Nonetheless, the phylogenetically important functions of RAS are to maintain blood pressure/blood volume homeostasis and ion-fluid balance via the kidney and central mechanisms. Stimulation of cell growth and vascularization, possibly via paracrine action of angiotensins, and the molecular biology of RAS and its receptors have been intensive research foci. This review provides an overview of: (1) the phylogenetic appearance, structure, and biochemistry of the RAS cascade; (2) the properties of angiotensin receptors from comparative viewpoints; and (3) the functions and regulation of the RAS in nonmammalian vertebrates. Discussions focus on the most fundamental functions of the RAS that have been conserved throughout phylogenetic advancement, as well as on their physiological implications and significance. Examining the biological history of RAS will help us analyze the complex RAS systems of mammals. Furthermore, suitable models for answering specific questions are often found in more primitive animals.
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Butler DG, Brown JA. Stanniectomy attenuates the renin–angiotensin response to hypovolemic hypotension in freshwater eels (Anguilla rostrata) but not blood pressure recovery. J Comp Physiol B 2006; 177:143-51. [PMID: 17063343 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-006-0116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasma Angiotensin II (ANG II) concentrations were measured in SHM (sham-operated 2 weeks) and CSX (corpuscles of Stannius removed 2 weeks) eels before and after the induction of hypovolemic hypotension (HH) by the rapid withdrawal of 8 ml kg bw(-1) of caudal venous blood. Baseline (before exsanguination) plasma ANG II concentrations were similar in SHM and CSX eels (81.3 +/- 18.8 fmol ml(-1) cf. 106 +/- 31.6 fmol ml(-1), respectively) but the elevation in plasma ANG II following HH (1,732 +/- 82 fmol ml(-1)) was attenuated by CSX (368 +/- 127 fmol ml(-1)) showing that the CS are linked to plasma ANG II concentrations. Plasma ANG II in both groups returned to baseline levels within 48 h. Dorsal aortic blood pressures (DABP) were measured in both experimental groups before, and during the 60 min after, blood withdrawal. A 44% decrease in mean DABP was observed in both SHM and CSX eels within 2 min and followed by similar rapid patterns of recovery of systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressures in both groups during the next 60 min showing that short-term recovery of DABP is not CS-dependent. Stanniectomy increased plasma Ca and K(+) and decreased plasma Mg, Na(+), Cl(-) and osmolality which confirms some earlier observations in eels and other freshwater teleosts.
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Butler DG, Zhang DH, Villadiego R, Oudit GY, Youson JH, Cadinouche MZA. Response by the corpuscles of Stannius to hypotensive stimuli in three divergent ray-finned fishes (Amia calva, Anguilla rostrata, and Catastomus commersoni): cardiovascular and morphological changes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2003; 132:198-208. [PMID: 12812766 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-6480(03)00080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In accordance with their vital role in cardiovascular physiology () corpuscles of Stannius (CS) from two teleosts and an holostean species showed marked and consistent degranulation and exocytotic responses to hypotensive stimuli. In eels (Anguilla rostrata LeSueur) acute blood withdrawal (hypovolemic hypotension) was followed by a prompt decrease in cardiac output (CO) and dorsal aortic pressure (P(DA)), a compensatory tachycardic response and an increase in systemic vascular resistance (R(SYS)). Isovolemic hypotension induced by papaverine i.v., led to a similar, but more prolonged, decrease in P(DA) but the heart rate (HR) continued to accelerate, thereby counterbalancing the severe and persistent decrease in R(SYS). Both hypovolemic and isovolemic hypotension were followed by a significant depletion of cytoplasmic granules from eel CS even though plasma concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na(+), and K(+) were normal. In an ancient holostean fish, the bowfin, Amia calva and a generalized teleost fish, Catastomus commersoni, the number of cytoplasmic granules decreased by 39% and 54%, respectively, 120 min after the acute withdrawal of 8 ml kg bw(-1) of blood. These findings suggest that a primary role of the CS is to release cytoplasmic granules containing renin or isorenin into the blood circulation, in response to hypotension and/or hypovolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Butler
- Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5S 3G5.
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Butler DG, Zhang DH. Corpuscles of Stannius secrete renin or an isorenin that regulates cardiovascular function in freshwater North American eels, Anguilla rostrata LeSueur. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2001; 124:199-217. [PMID: 11703085 DOI: 10.1006/gcen.2001.7702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dorsal aortic blood flow (DABF) and caudal venous blood flow (CVBF) were measured in free-swimming conscious freshwater (FW) North American eels (Anguilla rostrata) with Doppler-flow probes. DABF and CVBF increased in a dose-dependent manner following iv doses of [Asn(1), Val(5), Gly(9)]-angiotensin I (ANG I), [Asn(1), Val(5)]-angiotensin II (ANG II), and [Val(4)]-angiotensin III (ANG III) ranging from 5 to 50 ng x kg bw(-1). A minimum effective dose for ANG I and ANG II was 5 ng x kg bw(-1); that for ANG III was 10 ng x kg bw(-1). DABF and CVBF rates increased during the first 2 min and remained elevated for 20-50 min. Flow responses similar to those of ANG II in form and magnitude followed iv injections of extracts of corpuscles of Stannius (CS-EXT). Increases in DABF and CVBF following injections of ANG I, human renin substrate (hRS), and CS-EXT were all blocked by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor Captopril. Increases in DABF and CVBF which followed injections of hRS and CS-EXT were blocked completely by pepstatin A. [Sar(1), Val(5)]-ANG II (Sarile) blocked completely the DABF and CVBF responses to ANG II and CS-EXT, but the mammalian receptor antagonists losartan (AT1) and PD123319 (AT2) only partially blocked them. These findings support strongly the hypothesis that the corpuscles of Stannius secrete renin or isorenin and that the renin-angiotensin system regulates cardiovascular function in freshwater eels and other bony fishes that possess them.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Butler
- Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada
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Silldorff EP, Stephens GA. The pressor response to exogenous angiotensin I and its blockade by angiotensin II analogues in the American alligator. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1992; 87:141-8. [PMID: 1624094 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(92)90160-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined the pressor response to exogenous, nonnative angiotensin I (ANG I; bullfrog, turtle, and fowl) in the conscious American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis. In addition, the inhibitory effects of three ANG II analogues ([Sar1, Ala8], [Sar1, Thr8], and [Sar1, Ile8]ANG II) on the pressor responses to angiotensin I (fowl ANG I, [Asp1, Val5, Ser9]) were also examined. Intravenous administration of bullfrog, turtle, and fowl ANG I at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 micrograms/kg produced dose-dependent increases in arterial blood pressure. [Val5]ANG II at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 micrograms/kg, or NE at 2 micrograms/kg also produced dose-dependent increases in blood pressure. [Sar1, Ile8]ANG II and [Sar1, Ala8]ANG II (10 micrograms/kg/min) both attenuated the pressor response to fowl ANG I whereas [Sar1, Thr8]ANG II (10 micrograms/kg/min) produced no significant blockade. These data demonstrate: (1) All three exogenous ANG I molecules exert potent vasopressor responses in the alligator, (2) [Sar1, Ile8]ANG II is the most effective ANG antagonist, and (3) the alligator appears to possess a renin-angiotensin system similar to that found in other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Silldorff
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716
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Olson KR. 3 Blood and Extracellular Fluid Volume Regulation: Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System, Kallikrein-Kinin System, and Atrial Natriuretic Peptides. FISH PHYSIOLOGY 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s1546-5098(08)60010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hasegawa Y, Watanabe TX, Nakajima T, Sokabe H. Chemical structure of angiotensin formed by incubating plasma with the corpuscles of Stannius in the Japanese goosefish, Lophius litulon. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1984; 54:264-9. [PMID: 6547397 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(84)90180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The chemical structure of angiotensin formed by incubating the extract of the corpuscles of Stannius (CS) with homologous plasma in the Japanese goosefish , Lophius litulon , was analyzed. Goosefish CS angiotensin was proposed as [Asn1, Val5, His9 ] angiotensin I based on amino acid analysis and fluorescent peptide mapping techniques. It had the same structure as angiotensin produced by incubating the kidney extract with homologous plasma, indicating that CS angiotensin was not organ specific.
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Takemoto Y, Nakajima T, Hasegawa Y, Watanabe TX, Sokabe H, Kumagae S, Sakakibara S. Chemical structures of angiotensins formed by incubating plasma with the kidney and the corpuscles of Stannius in the chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1983; 51:219-27. [PMID: 6618154 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(83)90075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The chemical structures of salmon angiotensins produced by incubating tissue extract of the kidney or the corpuscles of Stannius (CS) with homologous plasma are proposed. Two angiotensins, [Asp1, Val5, Asn9] and [Asn1, Val5, Asn9] angiotensin I, were proposed from both kidney and CS incubations by amino acid analysis and the fluorescent peptide-mapping techniques. CS angiotensins were not organ specific, because these two angiotensins were produced by both kidney and CS incubations in a ratio of 1:2 under the same conditions. Whether [Asp1, Val5, Asn9] angiotensin I is a naturally occurring form remains to be clarified; however, [Asn1, Val5, Asn9] angiotensin I may be the major form of angiotensin formed from plasma by salmon kidney and CS.
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Ogawa M, Sokabe H. Hypocalcemic effect of homologous angiotensin-like substances produced by the renin-like enzyme in the corpuscles of Stannius in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1982; 47:36-41. [PMID: 7044887 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(82)90081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Bhattacharyya TK, Butler DG, Youson JH. Ultrastructure of the corpuscles of Stannius in the garpike (Lepisosteus platyrhynchus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 1982; 46:29-41. [PMID: 7060933 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(82)90160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Pang PK, Yang MC. Effects of a converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin antagonists on the rat pressor effect of angiotensin-like substance formed by goosefish Stannius corpuscles and homologous plasma. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1981; 45:402-5. [PMID: 6271620 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(81)90081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Pang PK, Pang RK, Liu VK, Sokabe H. Effect of fish angiotensins and angiotensin-like substances on killifish calcium regulation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1981; 43:292-8. [PMID: 7215780 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(81)90287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Nishimura H. Comparative endocrinology of renin and angiotensin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1980; 130:29-77. [PMID: 6250343 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9173-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Wendelaar Bonga SE, Greven JA, Veenhuis M. Vascularization, innervation, and ultrastructure of the endocrine cell types of stannius corpuscles in the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus. J Morphol 1977; 153:225-43. [PMID: 894725 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051530205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Krishnamurthy VG. Cytophysiology of corpuscles of Stannius. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1976; 46:177-249. [PMID: 186426 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Carpenter SJ, Heyl HL. Fine structure of the corpuscles of stannius of Atlantic salmon during the freshwater spawning journey. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1974; 23:212-23. [PMID: 4837803 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(74)90130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Sokabe H, Ogawa M. Comparative studies of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1974; 37:271-327. [PMID: 4365425 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sokabe H, Oide H, Ogawa M, Utida S. Plasma renin activity in Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) adapted to seawater or in dehydration. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1973; 21:160-7. [PMID: 4724758 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(73)90167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Grill G, Granger P, Thurau K. The renin angiotensin system of amphibians. I. Determination of the renin content of amphibian kidneys. Pflugers Arch 1972; 331:1-12. [PMID: 4336745 DOI: 10.1007/bf00587186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Nakajima T, Nakayama T, Sokabe H. Examination of angiotensin-like substances from renal and extrarenal sources in mammalian and nonmammalian species. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1971; 17:458-66. [PMID: 4331488 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(71)90180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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