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Aran RP, Steffen MA, Martin SD, Lopez OI, Bonett RM. Reduced effects of thyroid hormone on gene expression and metamorphosis in a paedomorphic plethodontid salamander. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2014; 322:294-303. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Aran
- Department of Biological Science; University of Tulsa; Tulsa Oklahoma
| | | | - Samuel D. Martin
- Department of Biological Science; University of Tulsa; Tulsa Oklahoma
| | - Olivia I. Lopez
- Department of Biological Science; University of Tulsa; Tulsa Oklahoma
| | - Ronald M. Bonett
- Department of Biological Science; University of Tulsa; Tulsa Oklahoma
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Rose CS. An endocrine-based model for developmental and morphogenetic diversification in metamorphic and paedomorphic urodeles. J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wright ML, Cuthbert KL, Donohue MJ, Solano SD, Proctor KL. Direct influence of melatonin on the thyroid and comparison with prolactin. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 2000; 286:625-31. [PMID: 10766971 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-010x(20000501)286:6<625::aid-jez9>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin administered in vivo had previously been shown to inhibit thyroid cell proliferation and subsequent in vitro thyroxine (T(4)) secretion in anuran tadpoles. Melatonin in vitro also directly reduced the sensitivity of the thyroid to thyrotropin (TSH). The present work sought to determine whether melatonin directly affected baseline, unstimulated T(4) secretion, and to compare its effect with that of prolactin (PRL). Thyroids from larval Rana catesbeiana or adult Rana pipiens were incubated in control or melatonin (0.01 to 100 microg/ml) media. Melatonin directly inhibited T(4) secretion by thyroids from both tadpoles and frogs at all concentrations of melatonin used and at both prometamorphic and climax tadpole stages. PRL, used in vitro at 10 microg/ml, did not influence the response of the thyroid to TSH (0.2 microg/ml) in young tadpoles, or the baseline secretion of T(4) by thyroids at any stage of larval life except climax, when T(4) secretion was significantly decreased by the third day of culture. Thus although both melatonin and PRL have been shown to antagonize the action of T(4) in vitro, and to decrease metamorphic rate, melatonin is a much more effective thyroid gland inhibitor than PRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Wright
- Biology Department, College of Our Lady of the Elms, Chicopee, Massachusetts 01013, USA.
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Wright ML, Pikula A, Babski AM, Kuliga K. Distribution and reciprocal interactions of 3H-melatonin and 125I-thyroxine in peripheral, neural, and endocrine tissues of bullfrog tadpoles. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART A, PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 118:691-8. [PMID: 9406444 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9629(97)00015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue distribution of 125I-thyroxine (T4) and 3H-melatonin and the effect of each hormone on the tissue content of the other were studied because previous work indicated that melatonin antagonized metamorphosis through peripheral, as well as thyroidal effects. Late pre- to prometamorphic Rana catesbeiana tadpoles on an 18 light:6 dark cycle were used for injection of hormones in vivo or to supply tissues for in vitro hormone administration. Labeled melatonin uptake was highest in intestine, ventral skin and pituitary; lowest in thyroid and brain and intermediate in hindlimb, tail and gills. The tissue content of labeled T4 was distributed in nearly the same way, except that the thyroid level was relatively higher, and pituitary lower, than that of labeled melatonin. The pineal, studied only in the tracer T4 experiments, had the highest content of labeled T4 of all tissues. Simultaneous injection of either 0.007 or 0.2 microgram T4 increased 3H-melatonin uptake into peripheral tissues that undergo major metamorphic changes but not into neural or endocrine organs. In contrast, 0.033, 3.75 or 15 micrograms melatonin had no significant influence on the content of 125I-T4 in any tissue studied in vivo. Results of in vitro labeling of selected tissues were generally in agreement with the in vivo work except that the 125I-T4 content of intestinal segments from late prometamorphic larvae was lower in melatonin-treated than in control groups. The results suggest that peripheral tissues are a major site for T4-melatonin interactions and that T4 may modulate its own action through influencing melatonin levels in target tissues and perhaps in the thyroid. Because melatonin had no effect on tissue T4 content in young tadpoles, retardation of metamorphic events by melatonin does not seem to involve modulation of T4 availability to the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Wright
- Biology Department, College of Our Lady of The Elms, Chicopee, MA 01013, USA.
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Gancedo B, Alonso-Gómez AL, de Pedro N, Delgado MJ, Alonso-Bedate M. Daily changes in thyroid activity in the frog Rana perezi: variation with season. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART C, PHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY 1996; 114:79-87. [PMID: 8689532 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(96)00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels, as well as thyroid free (f) and bound (b) thyroid hormones (TH) content, were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in adult Rana perezi frogs during a 24 h cycle in winter, spring, summer, and autumn. Significant daily changes in plasma T3 levels were present in all the seasons except for winter, being the lowest values observed during the scotophase. In contrast, plasma T4 only showed significant changes in spring, following a similar pattern to the one described for T3. Thyroid fT3 content did present day/night significant changes only in spring showing high contents at early scotophase. Mean fT4 content was higher at the beginning of light phase than during the rest of daily photocycle in spring and autumn, but significant differences appeared only in autumn. Regarding the thyroid bound content of TH, bT3, and bT4 presented significant daily changes in spring and autumn. However, different profiles were observed in these two seasons. High bound contents were found at early photo- and scotophase with lower values at late dark phase in spring, whereas higher contents were detected at this time in autumn. The present results indicate the existence of seasonally changing daily fluctuations in thyroid activity in Rana perezi and it seems that an interaction between photoperiod and temperature plays a role in the regulation of these daily changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gancedo
- Departmento de Biología Animal II (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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Chanoine C, d'Albis A, Lenfant-Guyot M, Janmot C, Gallien CL. Regulation by thyroid hormones of terminal differentiation in the skeletal dorsal muscle. II. Urodelan amphibians. Dev Biol 1987; 123:33-42. [PMID: 2957262 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(87)90424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the urodelan amphibian Pleurodeles waltlii, spontaneous anatomical metamorphosis was correlated with an increase in the serum level of thyroxine (T4). It was also accompanied by a change in the myofibrillar ATPase profile of the dorsal skeletal muscle; fibers of larval type were gradually replaced by the adult fiber types I, II A, and II B. Likewise, a myosin isoenzymic transition was observed in dorsal muscle, larval isomyosins were replaced by adult isoforms. In a related species, Ambystoma mexicanum, in which no spontaneous external metamorphosis occurs under standard conditions, the serum T4 level was shown to remain low. During further development, the myofibrillar ATPase profile acquired the adult fiber types, but a high percentage of immature fibers of type II C persisted. Myosin isoenzymic transition was also incomplete; larval isoforms were still distinguished in the neotenic adults. In experimental hypothyroidian P. waltlii, no external metamorphosis occurred; the myofibrillar ATPase profile was of the immature type, and the larval isomyosins persisted. Triiodothyronine induced experimental anatomical metamorphosis in A. mexicanum; only limited changes in the myofibrillar ATPase profile resulted from the treatment, but a complete myosin isoenzymic transition was observed. These results tend to indicate that a moderate increase in the level of thyroid hormone is sufficient to induce the differentiation of adult fiber types, together with the production of adult myosin isoforms in the skeletal dorsal muscle of amphibians, while a pronounced increase would be necessary for repressing the initial larval features.
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Norman MF, Norris DO. Effects of metamorphosis and captivity on the in vitro sensitivity of thyroid glands from the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, to bovine thyrotropin. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1987; 67:77-84. [PMID: 3623072 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(87)90207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of thyroid glands from the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, to bovine thyrotropin (bTSH) was tested in vitro. Thyroids were taken from subjects representing metamorphic stages I (premetamorphic larvae), II (onset of climax), and VII (completion of gill resorption), as well as from captivity control larvae. Exogenous TSH reduced the cumulative uptake of 125I in vitro by thyroids from stage I larvae after 24 and 48 hr. The capacity of thyroids to release thyroxine (T4) in vitro was used subsequently as a measure of their responsiveness to TSH. Baseline levels of T4 release in vitro were variable but did not differ significantly among developmental stages. A low dose of bTSH (5 X 10(-6) IU/ml) did not increase in vitro T4 release compared with that of controls. A larger dose (5 X 10(-4) IU/ml) caused greater increases in T4 release from thyroids of stage II and VII subjects than from those of controls. This dose produced only a small response by thyroids from captivity-control subjects. The results suggest that the thyroids of Ambystoma increase in their capacity to respond to TSH during the process of metamorphosis.
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Norman MF, Carr JA, Norris DO. Adenohypophysial-thyroid activity of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, as a function of metamorphosis and captivity. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1987; 242:55-66. [PMID: 3598513 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402420108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the timing of adenohypophysial activation during metamorphosis of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. It consisted of two parts: 1) determination of plasma thyroid hormone concentrations and analysis of thyroid gland histology as a function of metamorphic stage and 2) analysis of the time-course of uptake of 125I by the thyroids during metamorphosis as an indicator of endogenous thyrotropin (TSH) levels. Significant increases in both triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) first were evident at the onset of metamorphic climax (stage II). Maximum levels of both hormones were not observed, however, until the completion of gill resorption (stage VII). No changes in thyroid histology were observed that could be unambiguously related to metamorphic transformation. The thyroids accumulated 125I in a slow but linear fashion in premetamorphic larvae (stage I). However, uptake exhibited a rapid peak during early climax (stage II), before maximum concentrations of thyroid hormones were observed. In addition, uptake was maintained above premetamorphic levels at stage VII, in conjunction with maximum levels of T4 and T3. Captivity alone produced a small but significant increase in plasma concentrations of T3. It produced no significant effect on either thyroid histology or uptake of 125I. These results indicate that adenohypophysial activation occurs rapidly and is maximal at the onset of metamorphic climax.
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Melatonin and photoperiod alter growth and larval development in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(87)90517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Influence of photoperiod and melatonin administration on growth and metamorphosis in Discoglossus pictus larvae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(84)90425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Anderson SL, Dent JN. Increased loss of thyroxine from the blood streams of newts after injection with ovine prolactin. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1982; 47:276-9. [PMID: 7106550 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(82)90234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Anderson SL, Dent JN. Effects of TRH, TSH, and prolactin on the release in vitro of thyroxine from thyroid glands of the red-spotted newt. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1982; 47:280-7. [PMID: 6809525 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(82)90235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Norris DO, Gern WA, Greendale K. Diurnal and seasonal variations in thyroid function of neotenic tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum). Gen Comp Endocrinol 1981; 45:134-7. [PMID: 7197245 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(81)90179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Norris DO, Duvall D. Hormone-induced ovulation in Ambystoma tigrinum: influence of prolactin and thyroxine. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1981; 216:175-80. [PMID: 7288386 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402160119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of hypophysectomized or intact neotenic tiger salamander larvae (Ambystoma tigrinum) with ovine prolactin (PRL) increased sensitivity of the ovary to the ovulation-inducing hormones, human chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone (LH). Effects of pretreatment in vivo with PRL or thyroxine (T4) on the responsiveness of ovarian fragments in vitro to ovulation-inducing agents, LH, or progesterone (PROG) in the presence or absence of PRL were observed. In November (prior to normal spawning occurring from January through May) in vivo and in vitro treatment with PRL increased the number of oocytes producing polar bodies and the number of eggs ovulated in vitro. In April addition of PRL in vitro increased polar body formation and ovulations in response to LH or PROG, but in vivo pretreatment with PRL had no effect. Pretreatment in vivo with T4 blocked the in vitro enhancement observed with PRL. Thus, endogenous PRL may play a role in the development of ovarian sensitivity to ovulatory hormones at the level of the oocyte, and T4 may inhibit this action.
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Dunn AD, Dent JN. Iodine metabolism in the red-spotted newt studied with radioactive tracer and by radioimmunoassay. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1980; 42:47-56. [PMID: 7409466 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(80)90255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Sawin CT, Bolaffi JL, Callard IP, Bacharach P, Jackson IM. Induced metamorphosis in Ambystoma mexicanum: lack of effect of triiodothyronine on tissue or blood levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Gen Comp Endocrinol 1978; 36:427-32. [PMID: 105962 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(78)90125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lamers WH, Vink C, Charles R. Role of thyroid hormones in the normal and glucocorticosteroid hormone-induced evolution of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) activity in axolotl liver. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 59:103-10. [PMID: 318276 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(78)90188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1. In axolotl liver, the activity of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia), expressed per mg liver protein, decreases to a minimum at 5 months of age, then increases to a maximum at 8 months of age which is followed by a decrease again. The initial decrease between 3 and 5 months of age appears to be largely due to an increase in non-carbamoyl-phosphate synthase protein and the following increase between 5 and 8 months of age to a relative increase of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase protein. 2. Treatment of the animals with triiodothyronine causes an increase in carbamoyl-phosphate synthase activity, the extent of which is dependent upon hormone concentration and age of the animal. After 8 months of age no increase of enzyme occurs upon thyroid hormone treatment, although metamorphosis occurs. 3. Glucocorticosteroid hormones stimulate carbamoyl-phosphate synthase activity 2-to 3-fold in animals older than 6 months. However, in animals younger than 6 months, low concentrations of thyroid hormone, insufficient to induce metamorphosis, are necessary as permissive agents. 4. The stimulatory effects of high concentrations of thyroid hormones (T3) on carbamoyl-phosphate synthase appear to be mediated via a stimulatory effect on glucocorticosteroid biosynthesis. 5. The natural rise in enzyme activity between 5 and 8 months of age seems to be due to a rise in the concentration of circulating glucocorticosteroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Lamers
- Laboratory for Anatomy and Embryology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Norris DO, Gern WA. Thyroxine-induced activation of hypothalamo-hypophysial axis in neotenic salamander larvae. Science 1976; 194:525-7. [PMID: 973134 DOI: 10.1126/science.973134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroxine injected into the hypothalamus of neotenic Ambystoma tigrinum induces metamorphosis by activating hypothalamo-hypophysial stimulatory control of thyroid activity, thereby removing the hypothalamic block to metamorphosis.
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Platt JE. The effects of ergocornine on tail height, spontaneous and T4-induced metamorphosis and thyroidal uptake of radioiodide in neotenic Ambystoma tigrinum. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1976; 28:71-81. [PMID: 946962 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(76)90139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Norris DO, Platt JE. T3- and T4-induced rates of metamorphosis in immature and sexually mature larvae of Ambystoma tigrinum (Amphibia: Caudata). THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1974; 189:303-10. [PMID: 4416765 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401890303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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