1
|
Sun Y, Fu D, Liu B, Wang L, Chen H. Functional Characterization of Allatostatin C (PISCF/AST) and Juvenile Hormone Acid O-Methyltransferase in Dendroctonus armandi. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052749. [PMID: 35269892 PMCID: PMC8910878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allatostatin C (PISCF/AST) is a neuropeptide gene that affects juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis in the corpora allata. Juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase (JHAMT) is a key gene in the JH biosynthetic pathway. In this study, two genes encoding DaAST and DaJHAMT were cloned. Both DaAST and DaJHAMT were expressed in the larvae, pupae and adults of Chinese white pine beetle (Dendroctonus armandi), and highly expressed in the head and the gut. The expression of the two genes was induced by JH analog (JHA) methoprene and the functions of the two genes were then investigated by RNAi. Considering the role of hormones in metamorphosis, JHA significantly induced DaAST and DaJHAMT in the larval stage. DaAST knockdown in larvae, pupae and adults significantly increased the DaJHAMT mRNA levels. Moreover, knockdown of DaAST instead of DaJHAMT increased pupae mortality and the abnormal rate of emergence morphology and reduced emergence rates. However, knockdown of DaJHAMT instead of DaAST significantly reduced frontalin biosynthesis in adult males. The results showed that DaAST acts as an allatostatin and inhibits JH biosynthesis, and that JHAMT is a key regulatory enzyme for JH synthesis in the D. armandi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (D.F.); (B.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Danyang Fu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (D.F.); (B.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (D.F.); (B.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Linjun Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (D.F.); (B.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-02085280256
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lebenzon JE, Torson AS, Sinclair BJ. Diapause differentially modulates the transcriptomes of fat body and flight muscle in the Colorado potato beetle. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100906. [PMID: 34509173 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many temperate insects, such as the Colorado potato beetle, enter diapause in winter, during which they arrest their development, suppress their metabolic rate and have high stress tolerance. Diapause phenotypes can be transcriptionally regulated, however many studies to date report only whole animal gene expression rather than tissue-specific processes during diapause. We used RNA-seq to measure gene expression in fat body and flight muscle of diapausing and non-diapausing beetles. We used differential expression and GO enrichment analyses to evaluate longstanding hypotheses about the mechanisms that drive arrested development, changes in energy metabolism, and increased stress tolerance during diapause. We found evidence of G2/M cell cycle arrest, juvenile hormone catabolism, increased antioxidant metabolism, epigenetic modification, transposable element regulation, and cytoskeletal remodeling in both the fat body and flight muscle of diapausing beetles. Beetles differentially modulated the fat body and flight muscle transcriptomes during diapause with fat body playing a larger role in the hypoxia response and immunity, whereas flight muscle had higher abundance of transcripts related to the chaperone response and proteostasis. Our transcriptome provides evidence for distinct roles and responses of fat body and flight muscle during diapause in the Colorado potato beetle, and we provide testable hypotheses for biological processes that appear to drive diapause phenotypes in insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Lebenzon
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Alex S Torson
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Functional characterization of ASTC (allatostatin C) and ASTCC (allatostatin double C) in Clostera anastomosis (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Gene 2016; 598:1-8. [PMID: 27815096 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ASTC (allatostatin C) and ASTCC (allatostatin double C) are two neuropeptide genes that encode allatostatin C-like peptides. Whether these peptides inhibit or have other effects on juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis in the corpora allata remains in question. The juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase (JHAMT), a key gene in the JH biosynthesis pathway, was selected to study the effects of ASTC and ASTCC on juvenile hormones. In this study, we first characterized the expression patterns and correlations between ASTC and ASTCC in Clostera anastomosis under natural conditions, and then the functions of these two genes were investigated by RNAi. The results showed the expression of JHAMT was strongly positive correlated with ASTC and ASTCC in the heads of larvae after ASTC and ASTCC were knocked down simultaneously, while negative correlations were found in the heads of female adults. These results suggest that both ASTC and ASTCC may stimulate JH biosynthesis in larvae while inhibit in female adults of C. anastomosis. And after either ASTC or ASTCC was knocked down alone, the correlation between the two genes were positive, indicating ASTC and ASTCC may function dependently in female heads. In addition, simultaneous suppression of ASTC and ASTCC increased the mortalities of larvae and pupae.
Collapse
|
4
|
Fu KY, Lü FG, Guo WC, Li GQ. CHARACTERIZATION AND FUNCTIONAL STUDY OF A PUTATIVE JUVENILE HORMONE DIOL KINASE IN THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 90:154-167. [PMID: 26280246 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone diol kinase (JHDK) is an enzyme involved in JH degradation. In the present article, a putative JHDK cDNA (LdJHDK) was cloned from the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata. The cDNA consists of 814 bp, containing a 555 bp open reading frame encoding a 184 amino acid protein. LdJHDK reveals a high degree of identity to the previously reported insect JHDKs. It possesses three conserved purine nucleotide-binding elements, and contains three EF-hand motifs (helix-loop-helix structural domains). LdJHDK mRNA was mainly detected in hindgut and Malpighian tubules. Besides, a trace amount of LdJHDK mRNA was also found in thoracic muscles, brain-corpora cardiaca-corpora allata complex, foregut, midgut, ventral ganglia, fat body, epidermis, and hemocytes. Moreover, LdJHDK was expressed throughout all developmental stages. Within the first, second, and third larval instar, the expression levels of LdJHDK were higher just before and right after the molt, and were lower in the intermediate instar. In the fourth larval instar, the highest peak of LdJHDK occurred 56 h after ecdysis. Ingestion of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) against LdJHDK successfully knocked down the target gene, increased JH titer, and significantly upregulated LdKr-h1 mRNA level. Knockdown of LdJHDK significantly impaired adult emergence. Thus, we provide a line of experimental evidence in L. decemlineata to support that LdJHDK encodes function protein involved in JH degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yun Fu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Gong Lü
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Chao Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Meng QW, Liu XP, Lü FG, Fu KY, Guo WC, Li GQ. Involvement of a putative allatostatin in regulation of juvenile hormone titer and the larval development in Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Gene 2015; 554:105-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Zhou LT, Jia S, Wan PJ, Kong Y, Guo WC, Ahmat T, Li GQ. RNA interference of a putative S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase gene affects larval performance in Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 59:1049-1056. [PMID: 23973411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In Leptinotarsa decemlineata, juvenile hormones (JHs) play primary roles in the regulation of metamorphosis, reproduction and diapause. In JH biosynthetic pathway in insect corpora allata, methylation of farnesoic acid or JH acid using S-adenosyl-L-methionine generates a potent feedback inhibitor S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy). Rapid removal of AdoHcy is hypothesized to be essential for JH synthesis. AdoHcy hydrolase (SAHase) is the only eukaryotic enzyme catalyzing the removal. In the present paper, we firstly cloned a putative LdSAHase gene from L. decemlineata. The cDNA consists of 1806 bp and encodes a 525 amino acid protein. LdSAHase was expressed in all developmental stages. The gene had the highest and the lowest level of transcription respectively in the 3rd- and 4th-instars' heads that contain corpora allata, which was positively correlated with JH titer in the haemolymph and the mRNA level of a JH early-inducible gene, the Krüppel homolog 1 gene (Kr-h1). Secondly, dietary ingestion of bacterially-expressed LdSAHase-dsRNA significantly decreased LdSAHase and LdKr-h1 mRNA levels, reduced JH titer, and caused the death of the larvae, and the failure of pupation and adult emergence. After continuous exposure for 12 days, 42% of the larvae died, 65% of the prepupae failed to pupate and 100% of the pupae failed to emerge. Moreover, RNAi-mediated LdSAHase knockdown also reduced larval developing time, and decreased larval weight. Lastly, application of JH analogue pyriproxyfen to LdSAHase-dsRNA-exposed larvae did not greatly increase LdSAHase expression level and JH content, but up-regulated LdKr-h1 mRNA level. Expectedly, pyriproxyfen application could partially rescue the negative effects on the survival and the development. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that SAHase plays a critical role in JH biosynthesis in insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tao Zhou
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Scott MP, Panaitof SC, Carleton KL. Quantification of vitellogenin-mRNA during maturation and breeding of a burying beetle. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 51:323-331. [PMID: 15749115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2004.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2004] [Revised: 12/23/2004] [Accepted: 12/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Burying beetles (Nicrophorus orbicollis) are unusual in that to breed they require an unpredictable and valuable resource, a small carcass. Thus the timing of reproduction is unpredictable and beetles' physiological response must be fast. We hypothesized that their pattern of vitellogenin (Vg) synthesis might reflect these requirements. We examined the expression of two Vg genes (sequenced for this study) during sexual maturation and through a reproductive bout. Vg-mRNA, juvenile hormone (JH) titers, ovarian development, and hemolymph concentrations of Vg were quantified in the same individuals. All four variables gradually increased during maturation to peak 15-20 days after eclosion. Twelve hours after the discovery of a carcass, a few hours before oviposition, mRNA was high, hemolymph Vg had decreased, JH and ovarian weight had increased. After oviposition, mRNA was low, hemolymph Vg concentrations and JH were high. This is consistent with our hypothesis that beetles produce and store Vg in the hemolymph prior to the discovery of a breeding resource and replace it quickly. Partial regression of these variables (with the effect of time removed) indicated that JH was not correlated with mRNA, hemolymph Vg, or ovarian weight at any time. Thus the role of JH as a gonadotropin remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Pellissier Scott
- Department of Zoology and Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, 46 College Rd, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vermunt AM, Vermeesch AM, de Kort CA. Purification and characterization of juvenile hormone esterase from hemolymph of the Colorado potato beetle. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 35:261-277. [PMID: 9177132 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(199705)35:3<261::aid-arch2>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), low juvenile hormone (JH) titers are necessary to initiate metamorphosis and diapause. Low JH titers coincide with high activities of JH esterase, which occur mainly in the hemolymph. The specific activity of JH esterase appeared to be highest in the last larval instar, at day 3 after the molt, and reached a value of 13.5 nmol/min/mg. JH esterase was purified from hemolymph collected at this stage be a sequence of separation systems, including preparative nondenaturing PAGE, isoelectric focusing, and SDS-PAGE. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 120,000 and was composed of two subunits with molecular weights of 57,000, which were not linked by disulphide bridges. Isoelectric focusing revealed two forms of the enzyme with isoelectric points of 5.5 and 5.6. The Km and kcat of the purified enzyme were determined. The major form with pl 5.6 had a Km of 1.4 x 10(-6) M and a kcat of 0.9 s-1 and the minor form with pl 5.5 had a Km of 2.2 x 10(-6) M and a kcat of 1.9 s-1. The quaternary structure of L. decemlineata JH esterases, as differs from JH esterases in other species, which are monomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Vermunt
- Department of Entomology, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kempa-Tomm S, Kessel L, Hoffmann KH. Vitellogenin synthesis and secretion in crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(89)90034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Guilvard E, De Reggi M, Rioux JA. Changes in ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone titers correlated to the initiation of vitellogenesis in two Aedes species (Diptera, Culicidae). Gen Comp Endocrinol 1984; 53:218-23. [PMID: 6698389 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(84)90245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone titers were determined in the whole body of females of Aedes detritus and A. caspius. Since both hormones were assayed from the same extract, this method allowed determination of their simultaneous variations during egg formation, i.e., from the time the females emerged until the onset of oviposition. A drastic hormonal increase was observed at the beginning of vitellogenesis. This increase occurred as two high and sharp peaks, the first of ecdysteroids and the second, which took place 8 hr later, of juvenile hormones. The two peaks together lasted less than 12 hr, with the highest level at about 3 X 10(-7) mumol/mg fresh tissue. After the juvenile hormone peak, the oocytes entered into stage III/b, the time at which the intensive phase of vitellin accumulation in the eggs begins.
Collapse
|
12
|
Juvenile hormone levels, vitellogenin and ovarian development inAcheta domesticus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01971127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|