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Berti B, Bortoluzzi M, Cesari C, Femoni C, Iapalucci MC, Soleri L, Zacchini S. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and DFT Investigations of [M xM' 5-xFe 4(CO) 16] 3- (M, M' = Cu, Ag, Au; M ≠ M') 2-D Molecular Alloy Clusters. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15936-15952. [PMID: 33081462 PMCID: PMC8015236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Miscellaneous 2-D molecular alloy clusters of the type [MxM'5-xFe4(CO)16]3- (M, M' = Cu, Ag, Au; M ≠ M') have been prepared through the reactions of [Cu3Fe3(CO)12]3-, [Ag4Fe4(CO)16]4- or [M5Fe4(CO)16]3- (M = Cu, Ag) with M'(I) salts (M' = Cu, Ag, Au). Their formation involves a combination of oxidation, condensation, and substitution reactions. The total structures of several [MxM'5-xFe4(CO)16]3- clusters with different compositions have been determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) and their nature in solution elucidated by electron spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and IR and UV-visible spectroscopy. Substitutional and compositional disorder is present in the solid state structures, and ESI-MS analyses point out that mixtures of isostructural clusters differing by a few M/M' coinage metals are present. SC-XRD studies indicate some site preferences of the coinage metals within the metal cores of these clusters, with Au preferentially in corner sites and Cu in the central site. DFT studies give theoretical support to the experimental structural evidence. The site preference is mainly dictated by the strength of the Fe-M bonds that decreases in the order Fe-Au > Fe-Ag > Fe-Cu, and the preferred structure is the one that maximizes the number of stronger Fe-M interactions. Overall, the molecular nature of these clusters allows their structures to be fully revealed with atomic precision, resulting in the elucidation of the bonding parameters that determine the distribution of the different metals within their metal cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Berti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30175 Mestre (Ve), Italy
| | - Cristiana Cesari
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Femoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Iapalucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Soleri
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
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Ciabatti I, Femoni C, Gaboardi M, Iapalucci MC, Longoni G, Pontiroli D, Riccò M, Zacchini S. Structural rearrangements induced by acid-base reactions in metal carbonyl clusters: the case of [H(3-n)Co15Pd9C3(CO)38]n- (n = 0-3). Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4388-99. [PMID: 24264428 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52527a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The new bimetallic [HCo15Pd9C3(CO)38](2-) tri-carbide carbonyl cluster has been obtained from the reaction of [H2Co20Pd16C4(CO)48](4-) with an excess of acid in CH2Cl2 solution. The mono-hydride di-anion can be reversibly protonated and deprotonated by means of acid-base reactions leading to closely related [H(3-n)Co15Pd9C3(CO)38](n-) (n = 0-3) clusters. The crystal structures of the three anionic and the neutral clusters have been determined as their H3Co15Pd9C3(CO)38·2thf, [NEt4][H2Co15Pd9C3(CO)38]·0.5C6H14, [NMe3(CH2Ph)]2[HCo15Pd9C3(CO)38]·C6H14 and [NEt4]3[Co15Pd9C3(CO)38]·thf salts. They are composed of a Pd9(μ3-CO)2 core stabilised by three Co5C(CO)12 organometallic fragments. The poly-hydride nature of these clusters has been indirectly inferred via chemical, electrochemical and magnetic measurements. Besides, cyclic voltammetry shows that the [H(3-n)Co15Pd9C3(CO)38](n-) (n = 1-3) anions are multivalent, since they undergo two or three reversible oxidations. SQUID measurements of [HCo15Pd9C3(CO)38](2-) indicate that this even electron cluster is paramagnetic with two unpaired electrons, giving further support to its hydride nature. Finally, structural studies show that the Pd9 core of [H(3-n)Co15Pd9C3(CO)38](n-) (n = 0,1) is a tri-capped octahedron, which becomes a tri-capped trigonal prism in the more charged [H(3-n)Co15Pd9C3(CO)38](n-) (n = 2,3) anions. Such a significant structural rearrangement of the metal core of a large carbonyl cluster upon protonation-deprotonation reactions is unprecedented in cluster chemistry, and suggests that interstitial hydrides may have relevant stereochemical effects even in large carbonyl clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Ciabatti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
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Bortoluzzi M, Ciabatti I, Femoni C, Hayatifar M, Iapalucci MC, Longoni G, Zacchini S. Peraurated nickel carbide carbonyl clusters: the cationic [Ni6(C)(CO)8(AuPPh3)8]2+monocarbide and the [Ni12(C)(C2)(CO)17(AuPPh3)3]−anion containing one carbide and one acetylide unit. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:13471-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01849d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ciabatti I, Femoni C, Iapalucci MC, Ienco A, Longoni G, Manca G, Zacchini S. Intramolecular d10-d10 interactions in a Ni6C(CO)9(AuPPh3)4 bimetallic nickel-gold carbide carbonyl cluster. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:10559-65. [PMID: 24004143 DOI: 10.1021/ic401540s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Ni6C(CO)9(AuPPh3)4 bimetallic carbide carbonyl cluster was obtained from the reaction of [Ni9C(CO)17](2-) with Au(PPh3)Cl. It contains a rare carbon-centered (distorted) Ni6C octahedral core decorated by four Au(PPh3) fragments. These are μ3-bonded to four contiguous Ni3-triangular faces and display weak intramolecular Au···Au d(10)-d(10) interactions. The cluster has been characterized in the solid state on two different solvato crystals, i.e., Ni6C(CO)9(AuPPh3)4·THF and Ni6C(CO)9(AuPPh3)4·THF·0.5C6H14. The two solvates show some interesting differences concerning the weak Au···Au contacts. Density functional theory calculations have demonstrated that the presence of the two isomers is related to solid-state packing effects and not to the existence of two double minima in the potential energy surface. This, in turn, confirms that Au···Au d(10)-d(10) interactions are rather soft and thus influenced also by weak van der Waals forces because of the interaction of the cluster with the cocrystallized solvent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Ciabatti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna , Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Ciabatti I, Femoni C, Iapalucci MC, Longoni G, Zacchini S, Fedi S, Fabrizi de Biani F. Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemistry of the Ni–Au Carbonyl Cluster [Ni12Au(CO)24]3– and Its Relation to [Ni32Au6(CO)44]6–. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:11753-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301679h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Ciabatti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4
- 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Femoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4
- 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Iapalucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4
- 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliano Longoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4
- 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4
- 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Fedi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via De Gasperi 2, Siena,
Italy
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Synthesis of three-component high nuclearity cluster complexes with ruthenium carbido carbonyl clusters as a building block. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mednikov EG, Tran NT, Aschbrenner NL, Dahl LF. Nanosized Au4Pd28(CO)22(PMe3)16 Containing 32-Atom Au4Pd28 Core-Geometry with Nearly Regular Encapsulated Au4 Tetrahedron: Proposed Multitwinned-Composite Growth-Pattern Involving Four Interpenetrating Au-Centered Cuboctahedral-Based Three-Layer (Pd3)A(AuPd6)B(Au3)C Polyhedra. J CLUST SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-006-0103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tran NT, Powell DR, Dahl LF. Generation of AuPd22/Au2Pd21analogues of the high-nuclearity Pd23(CO)20(PEt3)10cluster containing 19-atom centered hexacapped-cuboctahedral (ν2-octahedral) metal fragment: structural-to-synthesis approach concerning formation of Au2Pd21(CO)20(PEt3)10. Dalton Trans 2004:209-16. [PMID: 15356714 DOI: 10.1039/b312334k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of Pd(PEt(3))(2)Cl(2) and Au(PPh(3))Cl in DMF with NaOH under CO atmosphere gave rise to the unique capped three-shell homopalladium Pd(145)(CO)(x)(PEt(3))(30)(x approximately 60) and two neutral Au-Pd clusters: Au(2)Pd(21)(CO)(20)(PEt(3))(10) (1) and Au(2)Pd(41)(CO)(27)(PEt(3))(15)(following article). Similar reactions with Pd(PMe(3))(2)Cl(2) being used in place of Pd(PEt(3))(2)Cl(2) afforded Au(2)Pd(21)(CO)(20)(PMe(3))(10) (2), the trimethylphosphine analogue of, and the electronically equivalent [AuPd(22)(CO)(20)(PPh(3))(4)(PMe(3))(6)](-) monoanion (3) as the [PPh(4)](+) salt. Each of these three air-sensitive 23-atom heterometallic Au-Pd clusters was obtained in low yields (7-25%); however, their geometrical similarities with the known cuboctahedral-based homopalladium Pd(23)(CO)(20)(PEt(3))(10) (4), recently obtained in good yields from Pd(10)(CO)(12)(PEt(3))(6), suggested an alternative preparative route for obtaining. This "structure-to-synthesis" approach afforded 1 in 60-70% yields from reactions of Pd(10)(CO)(12)(PEt(3))(6) and Au(PPh(3))Cl in DMF with NaOH under N(2) atmosphere. Both the compositions and atomic arrangements for 1, 2 and 3 were unambiguously established from low-temperature single-crystal CCD X-ray crystallographic determinations in accordance with their nearly identical IR carbonyl frequencies. Cluster 1 was also characterized by (31)P[(1)H] NMR, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and elemental analysis. The virtually identical Au(2)Pd(21) core-architectures of 1 and 2 closely resemble that of 4, which consists of a centered hexa(square capped)-cuboctahedral Pd(19) fragment of pseudo-O(h) symmetry that alternatively may be viewed as a centered Pd(19)nu(2)-octahedron (where nu(n) designates (n + 1) equally spaced atoms along each edge). [AuPd(22)(CO)(20)(PPh(3))(4)(PMe(3))(6)](-) (3) in the crystalline state ([PPh(4)](+) salt) consists of two crystallographically independent monoanions 3A and 3B; a superposition analysis ascertained that their geometries are essentially equivalent. A CV indicates that reversibly undergoes two one-electron reductions and two one-electron oxidations; these reversible redox processes form the basis for an integrated structural/electronic picture that is compatible with the existence of the electronically-equivalent 1-3 along with the electronically-nonequivalent 4 (with two fewer CVEs) and other closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyet T Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Femoni C, Iapalucci MC, Longoni G, Svensson PH. The new enneanuclear nickel carbonyl anion [Ni9(CO)16]2− and its relationships with the [Ni12(CO)21]4− and [Ni6Rh3(CO)17]3− clusters. Inorganica Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(01)00769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nakajima T, Ishiguro A, Wakatsuki Y. Synthese vielkerniger gemischtmetallischer Cluster durch Verknüpfung anionischer Ruthenium-Carbido-Cluster über Palladiumeinheiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(20000317)112:6<1175::aid-ange1175>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Tran NT, Kawano M, Powell DR, Hayashi RK, Campana CF, Dahl LF. Isostructural [Au6Pd6(Pd6-xNix)Ni20(CO)44]6- and [Au6Ni32(CO)44]6- Clusters Containing Corresponding Nonstoichiometric Au6Pd6(Pd6-xNix)Ni20 and Stoichiometric Au6Ni32 Nanosized Cores: Substitutional Pd/Ni Crystal Disorder (Coloring Problem) at Only Six Specific Nonadjacent Pseudoequivalent Metal Sites in the 38-Atom Trimetallic Close-Packed Framework. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja982637c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyet T. Tran
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Bruker Analytical X-ray Systems, Incorporated, 6300 Enterprise Lane, Madison, Wisconsin 53719
| | - Masaki Kawano
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Bruker Analytical X-ray Systems, Incorporated, 6300 Enterprise Lane, Madison, Wisconsin 53719
| | - Douglas R. Powell
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Bruker Analytical X-ray Systems, Incorporated, 6300 Enterprise Lane, Madison, Wisconsin 53719
| | - Randy K. Hayashi
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Bruker Analytical X-ray Systems, Incorporated, 6300 Enterprise Lane, Madison, Wisconsin 53719
| | - Charles F. Campana
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Bruker Analytical X-ray Systems, Incorporated, 6300 Enterprise Lane, Madison, Wisconsin 53719
| | - Lawrence F. Dahl
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Bruker Analytical X-ray Systems, Incorporated, 6300 Enterprise Lane, Madison, Wisconsin 53719
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Teo BK, Strizhev A, Elber R, Zhang H. Iconography of Icosahedra. Calculations of Metallic Energies and Relative Stabilities of Stereoisomers of Binary Icosahedral Clusters. Inorg Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ic980006d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boon K. Teo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Rm. 4500, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Alex Strizhev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Rm. 4500, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Ron Elber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Rm. 4500, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Rm. 4500, Chicago, Illinois 60607
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Mlynek PD, Dahl LF. New Noncentered Icosahedral Nickel−Bismuth Carbonyl Clusters: Geometric Analysis of the Homologous [Ni10(EMe)2(CO)18]2- Dianions (E = P, As, Sb, Bi) Containing Noncentered 1,12-Ni10E2 Icosahedral Cages1. Organometallics 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/om960965k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D. Mlynek
- Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Lawrence F. Dahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Kawano M, Bacon JW, Campana CF, Dahl LF. An Unprecedented High-Nuclearity Closest-Packed Bimetallic Palladium Carbonyl Cluster: [Pd33Ni9(CO)41(PPh3)6]4- Containing a Pseudo-D3h hcp Pd33Ni9 Core. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja960681r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kawano
- Department of Chemistry University of WisconsinMadison Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Siemens Analytical X-Ray Instruments 6300 Enterprise Lane, Madison, Wisconsin 53719
| | - Jeffrey W. Bacon
- Department of Chemistry University of WisconsinMadison Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Siemens Analytical X-Ray Instruments 6300 Enterprise Lane, Madison, Wisconsin 53719
| | - Charles F. Campana
- Department of Chemistry University of WisconsinMadison Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Siemens Analytical X-Ray Instruments 6300 Enterprise Lane, Madison, Wisconsin 53719
| | - Lawrence F. Dahl
- Department of Chemistry University of WisconsinMadison Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Siemens Analytical X-Ray Instruments 6300 Enterprise Lane, Madison, Wisconsin 53719
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Some comments on approximate LCAO molecular orbital theory in organometallic chemistry: Getting more by doing less? PURE APPL CHEM 1991. [DOI: 10.1351/pac199163060839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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