Chemical investigations of the Dufour gland contents of Attine ants

Gland Origin and Electroantennogram Activity of Volatile Compounds in Ghost Ants, Tapinoma melanocephalum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Behavioral Response to (Z)-9-Nonadecene

Volatile compounds in Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Dolichoderinae) workers were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and electroantennogram responses of workers to these compounds were investigated using coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection. Among 18 detected compounds, six elicited electroantennogram response, including 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 4 iridodials, and (Z)-9-nonadecene. (Z)-9-Nonadecene and iridodials were identified the first time in T. melanocephalum. (Z)-9-Nonadecene is a major component in mandibular glands and iridodials are produced in pygidial glands. In contrast to previous report, actinidine was not found in pygidial glands. Behavioral response of workers to the synthetic (Z)-9-nonadecene was investigated. (Z)-9-nonadecene is an attractant to T. melanocephalum. It also affected their locomotion patterns.

Volatile secretion of dufour gland of workers of an army ant,Dorylus (Anomma) molestus

The Dufour glands of workers ofDorylus (Anomma) molestus contain chiefly linear alkenes and alkanes, with (Z)-9-tricosene and tricosane representing over 70%. The glands are relatively small with some indication of very small (nanogram or less) amounts of dihydrofarnesol. Minima, medium, and major workers ofDorylus (Anomma) nigricans contain a similar spectrum of compounds.