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Mantero V, Baroncini D, Balgera R, Guaschino C, Basilico P, Annovazzi P, Zaffaroni M, Salmaggi A, Cordano C. Mild COVID-19 infection in a group of teriflunomide-treated patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2020; 268:2029-2030. [PMID: 32865629 PMCID: PMC7457441 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Mantero
- Department of Neurology, MS Center, ASST Lecco, Via dell'Eremo 9/11, 23900, Lecco, Italy.
| | | | - Roberto Balgera
- Department of Neurology, MS Center, ASST Lecco, Via dell'Eremo 9/11, 23900, Lecco, Italy
| | - Clara Guaschino
- MS Center, Gallarate Hospital, ASST Valle Olona, Gallarate, Italy
| | - Paola Basilico
- Department of Neurology, MS Center, ASST Lecco, Via dell'Eremo 9/11, 23900, Lecco, Italy
| | - Pietro Annovazzi
- MS Center, Gallarate Hospital, ASST Valle Olona, Gallarate, Italy
| | - Mauro Zaffaroni
- MS Center, Gallarate Hospital, ASST Valle Olona, Gallarate, Italy
| | - Andrea Salmaggi
- Department of Neurology, MS Center, ASST Lecco, Via dell'Eremo 9/11, 23900, Lecco, Italy
| | - Christian Cordano
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Mantero V, Abate L, Basilico P, Balgera R, Salmaggi A, Nourbakhsh B, Cordano C. COVID-19 in dimethyl fumarate-treated patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2020; 268:2023-2025. [PMID: 32588182 PMCID: PMC7314911 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Mantero
- Department of Neurology, MS Center, ASST Lecco, Via dell'Eremo 9/11, 23900, Lecco, Italy.
| | - Lucia Abate
- Department of Neurology, MS center, ASST Lariana, Como, Italy
| | - Paola Basilico
- Department of Neurology, MS Center, ASST Lecco, Via dell'Eremo 9/11, 23900, Lecco, Italy
| | - Roberto Balgera
- Department of Neurology, MS Center, ASST Lecco, Via dell'Eremo 9/11, 23900, Lecco, Italy
| | - Andrea Salmaggi
- Department of Neurology, MS Center, ASST Lecco, Via dell'Eremo 9/11, 23900, Lecco, Italy
| | - Bardia Nourbakhsh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian Cordano
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Abstract
The embryology and natural history of the lens capsule and the zonular apparatus have been described according to the present knowledge of the subject. Clinical evidence pointing towards an active turnover of lens capsule material is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Seland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Norway
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Takata T, Shimo-Oka T, Miki K, Fujii N. Characterization of new d-β-aspartate-containing proteins in a lens-derived cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 334:1022-31. [PMID: 16038880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although proteins are generally composed of l-alpha-amino acids, biologically uncommon D-beta-aspartic acid (Asp)-containing proteins have been reported in various tissues from elderly individuals. Our previous study indicated that the N/N1003A cell line, derived from rabbit lens, includes D-beta-Asp-containing proteins of approximately 50 kDa by Western blot analysis of a 2D-gel using a polyclonal antibody that is highly specific for D-beta-Asp-containing proteins. In this study, we identified the D-beta-Asp-containing proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the Mascot online database searching algorithm. The results indicate that one of these 50 kDa proteins is an enolase showing homology with tau-crystallin. Other D-beta-Asp-containing proteins, which we have recently discovered include lamin A/C, cytoplasmic NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A, aldose reductase, L-lactate dehydrogenase A or calponin H2, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein, alpha-B-crystallin, and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A (PPlase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Takata
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori-cho, Sennan, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
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Cammarata PR, Smith JY. Colocalization of laminin and fibronectin in bovine lens epithelial cells in vitro. IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 1987; 23:611-20. [PMID: 3308828 DOI: 10.1007/bf02621069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins laminin, fibronectin, entactin, and type IV collagen were investigated in primary colonies and secondary cultures of bovine lens epithelial cells using species-specific antisera and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Primary cell colonies fixed in formaldehyde and permeabilized with Triton X-100 displayed diffuse intracellular patterns for type IV collagen and entactin, observed to a similar degree throughout the colonies. In contrast, thick bundles of laminin and fibronectin were located on the basal cell surfaces and in between cells in the densely packed center of the colonies, and as "adhesive plaques" and fine extracellular matrix cords in the sparsely populated (migratory) outer edge of the colonies. The distribution of ECM proteins observed in secondary lens epithelial cell cultures was similar to that observed at the periphery of the primary colony. Extraction of the secondary cell cultures with sodium deoxycholate confirmed that laminin and fibronectin were deposited on the basal cell surface. Indeed, the patterns of laminin and fibronectin deposition suggested that these proteins codistribute. These results establish that lens epithelial cells in culture can be used as a model system to study the synthesis and extracellular deposition of the basement membrane proteins, laminin and fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Cammarata
- Department of Anatomy, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Worth 76107
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Laurent M, Romquin N, Counis MF, Muel AS, Courtois Y. Collagen synthesis by long-lived mRNA in embryonic chicken lens. Dev Biol 1987; 121:166-73. [PMID: 3569657 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(87)90149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lens capsule collagen synthesis by epithelial and fiber cells was examined by immunoprecipitation and collagenase digestion in embryonic and posthatch chicken eye lens. Epithelial cells and lens fibers in the process of terminal differentiation produce alpha 1 and alpha 2 type IV collagen chains. At 6 days of embryonic development in addition to the alpha 1 (IV) and alpha 2 (IV) collagen chains, lens cells produce high molecular weight collagenase-sensitive proteins not immunologically related to type IV collagen. Lens capsule collagen components have been identified in central and outer fibers isolated from 18-day embryos and from 10-day posthatch chicken eyes. At these stages, fibers which have an increasing number of picnotic nuclei still show collagen synthesis due to long-lived mRNA. Analysis of collagen synthesis by lens cells incubated with actinomycin D suggests that stabilization of collagen mRNA occurs in lens fiber cells and to a lesser extent in epithelial cells as early as 6 days of embryonic development.
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Heathcote JG, Bruns RR, Orkin RW. Biosynthesis of sulphated macromolecules by rabbit lens epithelium. II. Relationship to basement membrane formation. J Cell Biol 1984; 99:861-9. [PMID: 6236228 PMCID: PMC2113412 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.99.3.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabbit lens epithelial cells display a similar "cobblestone" morphology and produce the same complement of sulphated macromolecules (also see Heathcote, J.G., and R.W. Orkin, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 99:852-860) whether grown on plastic or glass, dried films of gelatin or type IV collagen with laminin, or on gels of type I collagen. There was no evidence of basement membrane formation by these cells when they were grown on plastic, glass, or dried films. In contrast, cultures that had been grown on gels deposited a discrete basement membrane that followed the contours of the basal surfaces of the cells and in addition, they secreted amorphous basement membrane-like material that diffused into the interstices of the gel and associated with the collagen fibrils of the gel. A significant proportion (approximately 70%) of the heparan sulphate proteoglycan fraction that was secreted into the culture medium (fraction MI) when the cells were grown on plastic became associated with the cell-gel layer in the gel cultures. Further, when basement membrane was isolated by detergent extraction, greater than 90% of the 35S-labeled material present was in this heparan sulphate proteoglycan.
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Kern P, Laurent M, Lim A, Regnault F, Courtois Y. Interaction of bovine epithelial lens (BEL) cells with extracellular matrix (ECM) and eye-derived growth factor (EDGF). II. Partial re-expression of the differentiated collagen distribution and phenotype. Exp Cell Res 1983; 149:85-93. [PMID: 6641803 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(83)90382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The differentiated phenotype of bovine epithelial lens (BEL) cells consists primarily of type IV collagen production with homogeneous cellular form and monolayer organization. We have previously described how, after several subcultures, BEL cells lost this phenotype, which was replaced by a complex collagen mixture consisting predominantly of type I and type III collagens and a minor proportion of type IV collagen. The cells became irregular and formed multilayers. These dedifferentiated cells can re-express their initial morphological properties when subcultured on an extracellular matrix (ECM) in presence of an eye-derived growth factor (EDGF), as described in the first paper of this series [30]. Furthermore, those cells passaged only one time on ECM + EDGF partially re-express the native differentiated collagen phenotype. The cells synthesize a majority of type IV collagen (up to 65%) with minor amounts of interstitial collagens. As in early subcultured cells, the major proportion of total collagen accumulated in the cell layer. Taken together, the morphological and biochemical data emphasize the relationship between cell shape and collagen phenotype expression. They also provide a reversible system for the study of normal gene expression and pathological alterations.
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Pruniéras M, Régnier M, Fougère S, Woodley D. Keratinocytes synthesize basal-lamina proteins in culture. J Invest Dermatol 1983; 81:74s-81s. [PMID: 6190963 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12540736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
On histologic vertical sections of skin, the epidermis is separated from the dermis by an amorphous thin membrane, the basal lamina. Ultrastructurally, the basal lamina is composed of four areas, including the basal-cell plasma membrane and hemidesmosomes, the lamina lucida, the lamina densa, and the sub-lamina densa fibrillar region. In culture, epidermal keratinocytes are able to produce hemidesmosomes, lamina lucida, and lamina densa. There is no evidence that cultured keratinocytes can produce sub-lamina densa fibrils. Biochemically, the lamina lucida contains two major glycoproteins. One, the bullous pemphigoid antigen, is synthesized by epidermal keratinocytes in vitro. These cells also synthesize laminin, the other glycoprotein of lamina lucida. At the interface between lamina lucida and lamina densa there is probably a heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Whether this proteoglycan is produced by keratinocytes in culture is not known, but the possibility can be considered. Lamina densa contains collagen IV, and this collagen is synthesized by keratinocytes in culture. However, cultured keratinocytes may also synthesize collagen types I, III, and V. Type V is associated with the basal lamina, but its exact location is unknown. Types I and III (if they are produced in vivo) would be situated in the sub-basal lamina region. The problem of fibronectin remains unsolved. There is "some" fibronectin in the lamina lucida, but its origin is not clear.
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Laurent M, Kern P, Courtois Y, Regnault F. Synthesis of types I, III an IV collagen by bovine lens epithelial cells in long-term culture. Exp Cell Res 1981; 134:23-31. [PMID: 7018913 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(81)90459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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