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Nikolić D, Madzunkov SM, Darrach MR. Computer Modeling of an Ion Trap Mass Analyzer, Part I: Low Pressure Regime. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:2115-2124. [PMID: 26286456 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the multi-particle simulation program suite Computational Ion Trap Analyzer (CITA) designed to calculate the ion trajectories within a Paul quadrupole ion trap developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). CITA uses an analytical expression of the electrodynamic field, employing up to six terms in multipole expansion and a modified velocity-Verlet method to numerically calculate ion trajectories. The computer code is multithreaded and designed to run on shared-memory architectures. CITA yields near real-time simulations with full propagation of 26 particles per second per core. As a consequence, a realistic numbers of trapped ions (100+ million) can be used and their trajectories modeled, yielding a representative prediction of mass spectrometer analysis of trace gas species. When the model is compared with experimental results conducted at low pressures using the conventional quadrupole and dipole excitation modes, there is an excellent agreement with the observed peak shapes. Owing to the program's efficiency, CITA has been used to explore regions of trapping stability that are of interest to experimental research. These results are expected to facilitate a fast and reliable modeling of ion dynamics in miniature quadrupole ion trap and improve the interpretation of observed mass spectra. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Nikolić
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA.
| | - Stojan M Madzunkov
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Murray R Darrach
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
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Nicolardi S, Bogdanov B, Deelder AM, Palmblad M, van der Burgt YEM. Developments in FTICR-MS and Its Potential for Body Fluid Signatures. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27133-44. [PMID: 26580595 PMCID: PMC4661870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) is the method of choice for measurements that require ultra-high resolution. The establishment of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) MS, the availability of biomolecular ionization techniques and the introduction of the Orbitrap™ mass spectrometer have widened the number of FTMS-applications enormously. One recent example involves clinical proteomics using FTICR-MS to discover and validate protein biomarker signatures in body fluids such as serum or plasma. These biological samples are highly complex in terms of the type and number of components, their concentration range, and the structural identity of each species, and thus require extensive sample cleanup and chromatographic separation procedures. Clearly, such an elaborate and multi-step sample preparation process hampers high-throughput analysis of large clinical cohorts. A final MS read-out at ultra-high resolution enables the analysis of a more complex sample and can thus simplify upfront fractionations. To this end, FTICR-MS offers superior ultra-high resolving power with accurate and precise mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) measurement of a high number of peptides and small proteins (up to 20 kDa) at isotopic resolution over a wide mass range, and furthermore includes a wide variety of fragmentation strategies to characterize protein sequence and structure, including post-translational modifications (PTMs). In our laboratory, we have successfully applied FTICR “next-generation” peptide profiles with the purpose of cancer disease classifications. Here we will review a number of developments and innovations in FTICR-MS that have resulted in robust and routine procedures aiming for ultra-high resolution signatures of clinical samples, exemplified with state-of-the-art examples for serum and saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Bogdan Bogdanov
- Perkin Elmer, San Jose Technology Center, San Jose, CA 95134, USA.
| | - André M Deelder
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Magnus Palmblad
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Yuri E M van der Burgt
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Walsh N, Martinez F, Marx G, Schweikhard L, Ziegler F. First observation of a tetra-anionic metal cluster, Al(n)(4-). J Chem Phys 2010; 132:014308. [PMID: 20078162 DOI: 10.1063/1.3270153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of aluminum cluster tetra-anions, and thus the first observation of a tetra-anionic metal cluster in the gas-phase, is reported. The aluminum cluster polyanions were generated by use of the "electron-bath technique." The smallest tetra-anion observed was Al(215) (4-), containing 14% fewer atoms than expected from classical estimates of the tetra-anion appearance size.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Walsh
- Institute for Physics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald 17489, Germany.
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Viehland LA, Goeringer DE. Kinetic theory of radio frequency quadrupole ion traps. I. Trapping of atomic ions in a pure atomic gas. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:9090-103. [PMID: 15267845 DOI: 10.1063/1.1691405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A kinetic theory based on the Boltzmann equation is developed for the trapping of atomic ions in a radio-frequency quadrupole ion trap containing enough neutral atoms that ion-neutral collisions cannot be ignored. The collisions are treated at the same level of sophistication and detail as is used to deal with the time- and space-dependent electric fields in the trap. As a result, microscopic definitions are obtained for the damping and stochastic forces that originate from such collisions. These definitions contrast with corresponding phenomenological terms added ad hoc in previous treatments to create damped Mathieu and Langevin equations, respectively. Furthermore, the theory indicates that either collisional cooling or heating of the ions is possible, depending upon details of the ion-neutral mass ratios and interaction potential. The kinetic theory is not dependent on any special assumptions about the electric field strengths, the ion-neutral interaction potentials, or the ion-neutral mass ratio. It also provides an ab initio way to describe the ion kinetic energies, temperatures, and other properties by a series of successive approximations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry A Viehland
- Division of Science, Chatham College, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, USA
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Peng Y, Plass WR, Cooks RG. Correlations of chemical mass shifts of para-substituted acetophenones and benzophenones with Brown's sigma constants. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2002; 13:623-629. [PMID: 12056563 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-0305(02)00348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Relationships between chemical mass shifts and physiochemical properties of ions are sought by examining substituted acetophenones, benzophenones, and pyridines in a modified ion trap mass spectrometer. Systematic changes in chemical mass shift occur with changes in substituent in the acetophenones and the benzophenones. Brown's sigma+ constant, which is a measure of electronic effects of substituents in reactions that involve positive charge development, is shown to correlate linearly with chemical mass shifts in para-substituted acetophenones and benzophenones. Brown's sigma+ constant also correlates with the ease of dissociation of the ions via a correlation with ionization energy. It is suggested that ease of dissociation is the underlying factor in determining chemical mass shifts. The experimental results also suggest that dissociative collisions between ions and buffer gas make a much greater contribution to chemical mass shifts than do elastic collisions.
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Forbes MW, Sharifi M, Croley T, Lausevic Z, March RE. Simulation of ion trajectories in a quadrupole ion trap: a comparison of three simulation programs. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 1999; 34:1219-1239. [PMID: 10587616 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9888(199912)34:12<1219::aid-jms897>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An attempt has been made to compare the performance, design and operation of three simulators, ISIS, ITSIM and SIMION-3D, when applied to the calculation of ion trajectories in a quadrupole ion trap. For the simulation of the trajectory of a single ion in a collision-free system, the calculated spatial trajectory components, kinetic energies and secular frequencies from the three simulators were virtually identical. It is concluded that, despite the various approaches to electrode design, calculation of fields, integration methods and ion generation tactics, there is a remarkable degree of consistency among the products of the simulators when dealing with collision-free conditions. The results of the ion injection simulations under collisional conditions were indicative of the complexity that can be introduced into the simulations with little effort. Random effects such as collisions of ions with He buffer gas and accumulated calculation errors together with the different collision model settings and the different approaches to field calculation are thought to have contributed to the somewhat minor differences in trapping efficiency. SIMION is the simulator of choice for the simulation of ion trajectories in hybrid instruments and in custom-designed assemblies of electrodes; and ITSIM would appear to be the best choice on the basis of computational speed for running multiparticle simulations and user friendliness. Both ISIS and ITSIM are adept at providing detailed information of collision events. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- MW Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 7B8
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Butcher DJ, Asano KG, Goeringer DE, McLuckey SA. Thermal Dissociation of Gaseous Bradykinin Ions. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9924979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wells JM, Plass WR, Patterson GE, Ouyang Z, Badman ER, Cooks RG. Chemical Mass Shifts in Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry: Experiments and Simulations. Anal Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9902289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Mitchell Wells
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393
| | - Wolfgang R. Plass
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393
| | - Garth E. Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393
| | - Ethan R. Badman
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393
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Marshall AG, Hendrickson CL, Jackson GS. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: a primer. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 1998; 17:1-35. [PMID: 9768511 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2787(1998)17:1<1::aid-mas1>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1154] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This review offers an introduction to the principles and generic applications of FT-ICR mass spectrometry, directed to readers with no prior experience with the technique. We are able to explain the fundamental FT-ICR phenomena from a simplified theoretical treatment of ion behavior in idealized magnetic and electric fields. The effects of trapping voltage, trap size and shape, and other nonidealities are manifested mainly as perturbations that preserve the idealized ion behavior modified by appropriate numerical correction factors. Topics include: effect of ion mass, charge, magnetic field, and trapping voltage on ion cyclotron frequency; excitation and detection of ICR signals; mass calibration; mass resolving power and mass accuracy; upper mass limit(s); dynamic range; detection limit, strategies for mass and energy selection for MSn; ion axialization, cooling, and remeasurement; and means for guiding externally formed ions into the ion trap. The relation of FT-ICR MS to other types of Fourier transform spectroscopy and to the Paul (quadrupole) ion trap is described. The article concludes with selected applications, an appendix listing accurate fundamental constants needed for ultrahigh-precision analysis, and an annotated list of selected reviews and primary source publications that describe in further detail various FT-ICR MS techniques and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Marshall
- Center for Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32310, USA
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Visual representations of simulated three-dimensional ion trajectories in an ion trap mass spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1176(96)04416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Splendore M, Londry F, March R, Morrison R, Perrier P, André J. A simulation study of ion kinetic energies during resonant excitation in a stretched ion trap. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1176(96)04408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cleven CD, Cooks RG, Garrett AW, Nogar NS, Hemberger PH. Radial Distributions and Ejection Times of Molecular Ions in an Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer: A Laser Tomography Study of Effects of Ion Density and Molecular Type. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp951667o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Julian RK, Nappi M, Weil C, Cooks RG. Multiparticle simulation of ion motion in the ion trap mass spectrometer: Resonant and direct current pulse excitation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 1995; 6:57-70. [PMID: 24222061 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(94)00087-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/1993] [Revised: 08/22/1994] [Accepted: 08/22/1994] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A PC-based program that simulates the behavior of a collection of ions is extended to include the effects of collisions with the buffer gas and enhanced visualization methods. The simulations are based on the quadrupole field associated with the actual ion trap electrode structure. Ionization is simulated in such a way as to distribute ionization events randomly over rf phase angles and yield a realistic collection of stored ions. The effects of buffer gas collisions on ion motion during both mass-selective instability and resonance ejection scans are found to include the expected dampening of spatial excursions as well as limitation of the kinetic energy of trapped ions. In both experiments, ion ejection occurs over a number of secular cycles in the vicinity of the theoretical instability point. Activation via a resonant ac signal or a short dc pulse is shown to result in phase-locking of the ions as well as the expected increase in the size of the excursions in the z direction and in ion kinetic energy. Collisions cause dephasing and loss of kinetic energy. Radial dc activation is compared with activation in the axial direction. Experimental data for dc pulse activation of the n-butylbenzene molecular ion are analyzed in phase space and the onset of surface-induced dissociation is correlated with changes in the experimental m/z 91 to m/z 92 fragment ion ratio. Poincaré sections are shown for resonantly excited ions and their value in demonstrating improvement of the resolution of these experiments over conventional mass-selective instability scans is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Julian
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Uruverslty, 1393 Brown Bufldmg, Rec Room 2494, 47907, West Lafayette, IN
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Walz J, Siemers I, Schubert M, Neuhauser W, Blatt R, Teloy E. Ion storage in the rf octupole trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 50:4122-4132. [PMID: 9911386 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.50.4122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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A two-electrode ion trap for Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(94)85008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hasse HU, Becker S, Dietrich G, Klisch N, Kluge HJ, Lindinger M, Lützenkirchen K, Schweikhard L, Ziegler J. External-ion accumulation in a Penning trap with quadrupole excitation assisted buffer gas cooling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(93)03924-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Guan S, Marshall AG. Equilibrium space charge distribution in a quadrupole ion trap. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 1994; 5:64-71. [PMID: 24222517 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(94)85038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/1993] [Accepted: 08/20/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple model provides a basis for evaluating the ion spatial distribution in a uadrupole (Paul) ion trap and its effect on the total potential (trap potential plus space charge 3 acting on ions in the trap. By combining the pseudopotential approximation introduced by Dehmelt 25 years ago with the assumption of thermal equilibrium (leading to a Boltzmann ion energy distribution), the resulting ion spatial distribution (for ions of a single mass-to-charge ratio) depends only on total number of ions, trap pseudopotential, and temperature. (The equilibrium assumption is justified by the high helium bath gas pressure at which analytical quadrupole ion traps are typically operated.) The electric potential generated by the ion space charge may be generated from Poisson's equation subject to a Boltzmann ion energy distribution. However, because the ion distribution depends in turn on the total potential, solving for the potential and the ion distribution is no longer a simple boundary condition differential equation problem; an iterative procedure is required to obtain a self-consistent result. For the particularly convenient operating condition, (a z = -8qU/mϱ 0 (2) Ω(2), and q z =-4qV mϱ 0 (2) Ω(2), where U and V are direct current and radiofrequency (frequency, ω) voltages applied to the trap, m/q is ion mass-to-charge ratio, and ϱ0 is the radius of the ring electrode at the z=0 midplane], both the pseudopotential and the ion distribution become spherically symmetric. The resulting one-dimensional problem may be solved by a simple optimization procedure. The present model accounts qualitatively for the dependence of total potential and ion distribution on number of ions (higher ion density or lower temperature flattens the total potential and widens the spatial distribution of ions) and pseudopotential (higher pseudopotential increases ion density near the center of the trap without widening the ion spatial distribution).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guan
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Eades DM, Johnson JV, Yost RA. Nonlinear resonance effects during ion storage in a quadrupole ion trap. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 1993; 4:917-929. [PMID: 24227599 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(93)80017-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/1993] [Revised: 07/27/1993] [Accepted: 07/28/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Contributions of higher-order fields to the quadrupolar storage field produce nonlinear resonances in the quadrupole ion trap. Storing ions with secular frequencies corresponding to these nonlinear resonances allows absorption of power from the higher-order fields. This results in increased axial and radial amplitudes which can cause ion ejection and collision-induced dissociation (CID). Experiments employing long storage times and/or high ion populations, such as chemical ionization, ion-molecule reaction studies, and resonance excitation CID, can be particularly susceptible to nonlinear resonance effects. The effects of higher-order fields on stored ions are presented and the influence of instrumental parameters such as radiofrequency and direct current voltage (qZ and az values), ion population, and storage time are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Eades
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Londry FA, Alfred RL, March RE. Computer simulation of single-ion trajectories in paul-type ion traps. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 1993; 4:687-705. [PMID: 24225994 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(93)80047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/1992] [Revised: 04/13/1993] [Accepted: 04/13/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The computer simulation of single-ion trajectories using a number of computer programs is described together with associated theory. The programs permit calculation of ion trajectories while the ion is subjected to collisions with buffer gas of variable pressure, resonance excitation in any of three modes, and static or ramped DC and radiofrequency levels. Initially, the programs were designed for the calculation of ion trajectories in a quadrupole ion trap. The programs now permit such calculations for ions confined in traps having electrodes shaped to include percentages of hexapole and octupole components in the electric field as well as electrode surface geometries for which there is no closed-form expression. The Langevin collision theory is reviewed and a theoretical treatment of the multipole trap is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Londry
- Department of Physics, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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March RE, Weir MR, Tkaczyk M, Londry FA, Alfred RL, Franklin AM, Todd JFJ. Kinetic energy effects in an ion ensemble subjected to mass-selective isolation and resonance excitation: A simulation study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210280506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Xiang X, Grosshans PB, Marshall AG. Image charge-induced ion cyclotron orbital frequency shift for orthorhombic and cylindrical FT-ICR ion traps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(93)80014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wang Y, Wanczek KP. Generation of an exact three‐dimensional quadrupole electric field and superposition of a homogeneous electric field within a common closed boundary with application to mass spectrometry. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.464145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Julian RK, Reiser HP, Graham Cooks R. Large scale simulation of mass spectra recorded with a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(93)87001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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May MA, Grosshans PB, Marshall AG. Theoretical mass and energy upper limits for thermal ions in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(92)85048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yin WW, Wang M, Marshall AG, Ledford EB. Experimental evaluation of a hyperbolic ion trap for fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 1992; 3:188-197. [PMID: 24242941 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(92)87002-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/1991] [Revised: 08/15/1991] [Accepted: 08/20/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Penning ion trap, consisting of hyperbolically curved electrodes arranged as an unbroken ring electrode capped by two end electrodes whose interelectrode axis lies along the direction of an applied static magnetic field, has long been used for single-ion trapping. More recently, it has been used in "parametric" mode for ion cyclotron resonance (lCR) detection of off-axis ions. In this article, we describe and test a Penning trap whose ring electrode has been cut into four equal quadrants for conventional dipolar ICR excitation (on one pair of opposed ring quadrants) and dipolar ICR detection (on the other pair). In direct comparisons to a cubic trap, the present hyperbolic trap offers somewhat improved ICR mass spectral peak shape, higher mass resolving power, and comparable frequency shift as a function of trapping voltage. Mass measurement accuracy over a wide mass range is improved twofold and mass discrimination is somewhat worse than for a cubic trap. The relative advantages of parametric, dipolar, and quadrupole modes are briefly discussed in comparison to screened and unscreened cubic traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Yin
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 120 West 18th Avenue, 43210, Columbus, OH
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Operation of a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer to achieve high mass/charge ratios. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(91)85013-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Resonance excitation of ions stored in a quadrupole ion trap. Part 1. A simulation study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(89)83037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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