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Design of Multifunctional Mesosphere-Ionosphere Sounding System and Preliminary Results. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20092664. [PMID: 32392724 PMCID: PMC7249216 DOI: 10.3390/s20092664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a novel sounding system for which the functions of the medium frequency (MF) radar and the ionosonde are integrated on the same hardware platform and antenna structure, namely the middle atmosphere-ionosphere (MAI) system. Unlike the common MF radar, MAI system adopts the pseudo-random (PRN) phase-coded modulation technology, which breaks the limitation of the traditional monopulse mode. Through the pulse compression, only a small peak power is needed to achieve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirement. The excellent anti-jamming performance is also very suitable for the ionospheric sounding. One transmitting and six receiving modes are adopted for the MF sounding. While neglecting the structure of the T/R switches, the coupling interference between the transmitter and the receiver may also be avoided. Moreover, by employing a miniaturized antenna array composed of progressive-wave antennas for the MF receiving and ionospheric sounding, the MAI system takes account of the requirements of the inversion algorithms of MF radar and the large bandwidth need for the ionospheric sounding concurrently. Such an antenna structure can also greatly simplify the system structure and minimize the difficulty of deployment. The experiments verified the availability of the system scheme and its engineering application significance. Through further analysis of the sounding data, the wind field of the mesosphere, the electron density of D layer and electron density profile from layers E to F were obtained at the identical location. The capability of MAI system can play an important role in studying the interaction and coupling mechanism between the mesosphere and ionosphere.
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Franke SJ, Thorsen D. Mean winds and tides in the upper middle atmosphere at Urbana (40°N, 88°W) during 1991-1992. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Clark RR, Salah JE. Propagation of the solar semidiurnal tide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere at mid latitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/90ja02186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Azeem SMI, Sivjee GG. Multiyear observations of tidal oscillations in OH M(3,1) rotational temperatures at South Pole, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008ja013976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. I. Azeem
- Space Physics Research Laboratory; Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Daytona Beach Florida USA
| | - G. G. Sivjee
- Space Physics Research Laboratory; Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Daytona Beach Florida USA
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Wu Q, Ortland DA, Killeen TL, Roble RG, Hagan ME, Liu HL, Solomon SC, Xu J, Skinner WR, Niciejewski RJ. Global distribution and interannual variations of mesospheric and lower thermospheric neutral wind diurnal tide: 1. Migrating tide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007ja012542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q. Wu
- High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
- Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - D. A. Ortland
- Northwest Research Associates; Bellevue Washington USA
| | - T. L. Killeen
- High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. G. Roble
- High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. E. Hagan
- High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - H.-L. Liu
- High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. C. Solomon
- High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jiyao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - W. R. Skinner
- Space Physics Research Laboratory; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - R. J. Niciejewski
- Space Physics Research Laboratory; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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Leblanc T, McDermid IS, Ortland DA. Lidar observations of the middle atmospheric thermal tides and comparison with the High Resolution Doppler Imager and Global Scale Wave Model: 2. October observations at Mauna Loa (19.5°N). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Nakamura T, Fritts DC, Isler JR, Tsuda T, Vincent RA, Reid IM. Short-period fluctuations of the diurnal tide observed with low-latitude MF and meteor radars during CADRE: Evidence for gravity wave/tidal interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Burrage MD, Skinner WR, Gell DA, Hays PB, Marshall AR, Ortland DA, Manson AH, Franke SJ, Fritts DC, Hoffman P, McLandress C, Niciejewski R, Schmidlin FJ, Shepherd GG, Singer W, Tsuda T, Vincent RA. Validation of mesosphere and lower thermosphere winds from the high resolution Doppler imager on UARS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fleming EL, Chandra S, Burrage MD, Skinner WR, Hays PB, Solheim BH, Shepherd GG. Climatological mean wind observations from the UARS high-resolution Doppler imager and wind imaging interferometer: Comparison with current reference models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gault WA, Thuillier G, Shepherd GG, Zhang SP, Wiens RH, Ward WE, Tai C, Solheim BH, Rochon YJ, McLandress C, Lathuillere C, Fauliot V, Hersé M, Hersom CH, Gattinger R, Bourg L, Burrage MD, Franke SJ, Hernandez G, Manson A, Niciejewski R, Vincent RA. Validation of O(1S) wind measurements by WINDII: the WIND Imaging Interferometer on UARS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Variations of mean winds and solar tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere over time scales ranging from 6 months to 11 yr: Saskatoon, 52°N, 107°W. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(94)90069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Salah J, Clark R, Forbes J, Manson A, Avery S, Schminder R. Radar observations of the semidiurnal tide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere at midlatitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(94)90063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Forbes J, Manson A, Vincent R, Fraser G, Vial F, Wand R, Avery S, Clark R, Johnson R, Roper R, Schminder R, Tsuda T, Kazimirovsky E. Semidiurnal tide in the 80–150 km region: an assimilative data analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(94)90062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Manson A, Meek C, Brekke A, Moen J. Mesosphere and lower thermosphere (80–120 km) winds and tides from near Troms0 (70°N, 19°E) : comparisons between radars (MF, EISCAT, VHF) and rockets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(92)90059-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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