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Poole CF, Atapattu SN. Analysis of the solvent strength parameter (linear solvent strength model) for isocratic separations in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Héron S, Charbonneau D, Albisson P, Estievenart G, Groni S, Tchapla A. A new methodology to determine the isoeluotropic conditions on ultra-performance flash purification stationary phases from analytical reversed liquid chromatography stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1397:59-72. [PMID: 25895730 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the determination of the experimental chromatographic conditions to be used in Reversed Phase Liquid Ultra-Performance Flash Purification is still challenging. This is due to four different items. In most cases, flash purification stationary phases are not available with geometry of column used in analytical chromatography. The flash purification columns are single-use only. From the point of view of selectivity and retention, few RPLC phases exist with properties of separation identical for analytical and flash purification supports. Characterization methods and databases used for comparing analytical RPLC columns do not include stationary phases for RP flash purification columns. The goal of this work is to develop a new method development strategy which permits the determination of the experimental chromatographic conditions on RP ultra-performance flash purification columns. It relies on the knowledge of any isocratic conditions obtained on any given initial reversed stationary phase. The final conditions to implement on the RP ultra-performance flash purification phase enable either to keep the retention range of a selected solute constant, or to set it around a previously chosen value. The rules of transfer in linear gradient mode are also described. The methodology was valid, whatever the initial RP stationary and mobile phases, for different chemical classes, whatever the bonding, particle diameter, porous or core shell particle, towards different RP alkyl and analogues stationary and mobile phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Héron
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Lip(Sys)(b), LETIAM(1), IUT d'Orsay, Plateau de Moulon, 91400 Orsay, France.
| | - Didier Charbonneau
- Interchim R&D, 211 bis avenue J.F. Kennedy, BP 1140, F03103 Montluçon Cedex, France
| | - Pauline Albisson
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Lip(Sys)(b), LETIAM(1), IUT d'Orsay, Plateau de Moulon, 91400 Orsay, France; Interchim R&D, 211 bis avenue J.F. Kennedy, BP 1140, F03103 Montluçon Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Estievenart
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Lip(Sys)(b), LETIAM(1), IUT d'Orsay, Plateau de Moulon, 91400 Orsay, France; Interchim R&D, 211 bis avenue J.F. Kennedy, BP 1140, F03103 Montluçon Cedex, France
| | - Sihem Groni
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Lip(Sys)(b), LETIAM(1), IUT d'Orsay, Plateau de Moulon, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Alain Tchapla
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Lip(Sys)(b), LETIAM(1), IUT d'Orsay, Plateau de Moulon, 91400 Orsay, France
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Fields PR, Sun Y, Stalcup AM. Application of a modified linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model to retention on a butylimidazolium-based column for high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:467-75. [PMID: 21168847 PMCID: PMC3023878 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Previously, a new HPLC stationary phase based on n-butylimidazolium bromide was investigated using a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) to systematically evaluate the intermolecular interactions between 32 test solutes and the stationary phase. The results and further comparisons with conventional reversed phase systems revealed that retention properties are similar to phenyl phases in both methanol/water and acetonitrile/water mixtures. In this work, the LSER model is extended by including the degree of ionization molecular descriptor, D, which takes into account the pK(a) of ionizable analytes and the pH of the mobile phase. The D molecular descriptor has been further divided into D(+) and D(-) components that separately account for the ionization of basic and acidic solutes, respectively. This is the first study where the ionization terms for weakly acidic solutes and weakly basic solutes have been separated. LSER results obtained with the expanded solute set with and without the inclusion of the D(+) and D(-) solute descriptors were compared. The improved correlation and standard error obtained for the expanded test set in the presence and absence of the D(+) and D(-) descriptors (R(2): 0.987 vs 0.846; SE: 0.051 vs 0.163 for 60% MeOH) support inclusion of these additional terms. Further, the coefficients obtained from the multiple linear regression for the expanded test set with the D(+) and D(-) descriptors were more consistent with the coefficients obtained when the test set included just neutral analytes. In addition, the expanded LSER model did a better job of predicting elution order for the ionizable analytes. This work provides further supporting evidence for the multimodal nature of the butylimidazolium stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Fields
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 210172, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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Jalali-Heravi M, Garkani-Nejad Z, Kyani A. Quantitative Structure–Retention Relationship Study of a Variety of Compounds in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography: A PLS-MLR-STANN Approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200510205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hong H, Wang L, Zou G. Retention in RP-HPLC: Lipophilicity Determination of Substituted Biphenyls by Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079708006578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Hong
- a Department of Environmental Science & Engineering , Nanjing University Nanjing , 210093, P. R., China
| | - L. Wang
- a Department of Environmental Science & Engineering , Nanjing University Nanjing , 210093, P. R., China
| | - G. Zou
- b Department of Chemistry , Nanjing University Nanjing , 210093, P. R., China
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Vitha M, Carr PW. The chemical interpretation and practice of linear solvation energy relationships in chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1126:143-94. [PMID: 16889784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the use of linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs) to understand the types and relative strength of the chemical interactions that control retention and selectivity in the various modes of chromatography ranging from gas chromatography to reversed phase and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. The most recent, widely accepted symbolic representation of the LSER model, as proposed by Abraham, is given by the equation: SP=c + eE + sS + aA + bB + vV, in which, SP can be any free energy related property. In chromatography, SP is most often taken as logk' where k' is the retention factor. The letters E, S, A, B, and V denote solute dependent input parameters that come from scales related to a solute's polarizability, dipolarity (with some contribution from polarizability), hydrogen bond donating ability, hydrogen bond accepting ability, and molecular size, respectively. The e-, s-, a-, b-, and v-coefficients and the constant, c, are determined via multiparameter linear least squares regression analysis of a data set comprised of solutes with known E, S, A, B, and V values and which span a reasonably wide range in interaction abilities. Thus, LSERs are designed to probe the type and relative importance of the interactions that govern solute retention. In this review, we include a synopsis of the various solvent and solute scales in common use in chromatography. More importantly, we emphasize the development and physico-chemical basis of - and thus meaning of - the solute parameters. After establishing the meaning of the parameters, we discuss their use in LSERs as applied to understanding the intermolecular interactions governing various gas-liquid and liquid-liquid phase equilibria. The gas-liquid partition process is modeled as the sum of an endoergic cavity formation/solvent reorganization process and exoergic solute-solvent attractive forces, whereas the partitioning of a solute between two solvents is thermodynamically equivalent to the difference in two gas/liquid solution processes. We end with a set of recommendations and advisories for conducting LSER studies, stressing the proper chemical and statistical application of the methodology. We intend that these recommendations serve as a guide for future studies involving the execution, statistical evaluation, and chemical interpretation of LSERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Vitha
- Drake University, Department of Chemistry, 2507 University Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA
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Wang A, Carr PW. Comparative study of the linear solvation energy relationship, linear solvent strength theory, and typical-conditions model for retention prediction in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 965:3-23. [PMID: 12236532 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes two new retention models for predicting retention under different reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) conditions. The first one is a global linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) that expresses retention as a function of both solute LSER descriptors and mobile phase composition. The second is a so-called "typical-conditions model" that expresses retention under a given chromatographic condition as a linear function of retention under different so-called "typical" conditions. The global LSER was derived by combining the local LSER model and the linear solvent strength theory (LSST) of RPLC. Compared to local LSER and the LSST models, the global LSER model requires far fewer retention measurements for calibrating the model when different solutes and different mobile phase compositions are involved. Its fitting performance is equal to the local LSER model but worse than that of LSST. The poor fit of the global LSER results primarily from the local LSER model and not from the LSST model. The typical-conditions model (TCM) was developed based on a concept of multivariate space that is conceptually compatible with LSER. However, no LSER descriptors are used in the TCM approach. The number of input conditions needed in the typical-conditions model is determined by the chemical diversity of the solutes and the conditions involved. Principal component analysis (PCA) and iterative key set factor analysis (IKSFA) were used to find the number of typical conditions needed for a given data set. Compared to LSER, LSST, and global LSER, the typical-conditions model is more precise and requires fewer retention measurements for calibrating the model when different solutes and different stationary and/or mobile phases are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aosheng Wang
- Department of Chemisty, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455-0431, USA
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Gavenda A, Bednář P, Barták P, Adamovský P, Ševčík J, Tzoumas P, Ulrichová J. Estimation of partition coefficients by MEKC Part I: Potential pharmaceuticals based on 2-quinolone and 2-indolone. J Sep Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1615-9314(20010901)24:9<723::aid-jssc723>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wang W, Zhang X, Lu P, Deng J. PREDICTION OF PARAMETERS cAND aIN REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY USING RETENTION PARAMETERS IN GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. ANAL LETT 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/al-100103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Wang
- a Department of Chemistry , Henan College of Education , Zhengzhou , 450003 , China
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- b Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , Shanghai , 200433 , China
| | - Peizhang Lu
- b Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , Shanghai , 200433 , China
| | - Jiaqi Deng
- b Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , Shanghai , 200433 , China
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Liu Z, Zou H, Ye M, Ni J, Zhang Y. Effects of organic modifiers on retention mechanism and selectivity in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography studied by linear solvation energy relationships. J Chromatogr A 1999; 863:69-79. [PMID: 10591465 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of six organic modifiers (urea, methanol, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile and 2-propanol) on the retention mechanism and separation selectivity of the bulk buffer in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles as pseudo-stationary phase have been investigated through linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs). It is found that the retention value in MECC systems with or without organic modifier is primarily dependent on the solvophobic interaction and the hydrogen bonding interaction with the solute as proton acceptor, while the dipolar interaction and the hydrogen bonding interaction with the solute as proton donor play minor roles. The effects of the organic modifiers on the solvophobic, dipolar and hydrogen bonding interactions are evaluated in terms of the relationship between regression coefficient of the LSER equations and the modifier concentration. The variations of the solvophobic interaction and the dipolar interaction with change of the modifier concentration can be approximately explained using the solubility parameter and the dipolarity/polarizability parameter of the organic modifier, respectively. However, the relationships between the hydrogen bond acidity and basicity of the bulk buffer and the organic modifiers are rather complicated. Those results may be caused from the displacement of organic modifiers to the water adsorbed on the micellar surface as well as changes in the acidity and basicity of the bulk buffer with the addition of organic modifiers. In addition, it is found that the phase ratio is influenced significantly by the use of organic modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- Laboratory for Chromatography, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian
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Wang A, Tan LC, Carr PW. Global linear solvation energy relationships for retention prediction in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Li J, Carr PW. Characterization of polybutadiene-coated zirconia and comparison to conventional bonded phases by use of linear solvation energy relationships. Anal Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(96)00302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tan LC, Carr PW, Abraham MH. Study of retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography using linear solvation energy relationships I. The stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(96)00459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Nong C, Yukui Z, Shigeru T, Terumichi N. Effect of physico-chemical properties and molecular structure on the micelle—water partition coefficient in micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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16
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Relationship between retention behavior and molecular structure in HPLC. Correlation between solubility parameter and molecular properties. Chromatographia 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02277161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Chisako Y, Miho Y, Narao T. Hydrophobicity parameters determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)85294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kaliszan R. Quantitative structure-retention relationships applied to reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80812-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Effects of molecular structure on the log k′w index and linear S—log k′w correlation in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(93)83135-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Altomare C, Cellamare S, Carotti A, Ferappi M. Linear Solvation Energy Relationships in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. Examination of Deltabond C8as Stationary Phase for Measuring Lipophilicity Parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.19930120308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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