1
|
Özzeybek G, Erarpat S, Bakırdere S. Simple, Sensitive, and Selective High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) Method for the Determination of Buturon in Herbal Tea, Dried Blueberry, and Cranberry Samples and Evaluation of Its Stability in Gastric Conditions. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1710746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Özzeybek
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezin Erarpat
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Diaw PA, Mbaye OMA, Gaye-Seye MD, Aaron JJ, Coly A, Tine A, Oturan N, Oturan MA. Photochemically-Induced Fluorescence Properties of Two Benzoyl- and Phenylurea Pesticides and Determination in Natural Waters. J Fluoresc 2014; 24:1319-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-014-1418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
3
|
Aguilera A, Valverde A, Valverde-Monterreal A, Garcia-Fuentes L, Boulaid M. Assessing solvent derivatization and carbon dioxide supercritical fluid simultaneous extraction/derivatization of cyprodinil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2014; 49:541-549. [PMID: 24901957 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2014.911553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Derivatization of cyprodinil with different reagents and solvents has been evaluated to improve the GC/MS characterization of this fungicide. After assessing some preliminary acylation and silylation reactions, derivatization with anhydrous heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA) was selected as the best derivatization option for cyprodinil. The HFBA-cyprodinil derivative was clearly identified and characterized by GC/MS (ion-trap). The spectrum of the HFBA derivative of cyprodinil was characterized by the base peak, 252 m/z ion, and two other ions with relative abundances of 5% (224 m/z ion) and 4% (420 m/z molecular ion). Conversion rates in the range of 83-92% were obtained when 0.1-1 μg cyprodinil were derivatized in vial without solvent at 25ºC temperature for 120 min, with 5 μL HFBA and 5 μL pyridine. Simultaneous extraction-derivatization of cyprodinil in supercritical carbon dioxide was only achieved when no modifier was present, but conversion/recovery rates obtained in the replicate experiments carried out with 15 mL supercritical carbon dioxide at 50°C and 200 atm (n = 5), 300 atm (n = 7), and 400 atm (n = 5) were no reproducible (RSD > 50%) and ranged between 10% and 45% (related to the signal obtained for derivatization in vial).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aguilera
- a Pesticide Residue Research Group , University of Almería , Almería , Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Graphene Reinforced Hollow Fiber Liquid Phase Microextraction for the Enrichment of some Phenylurea Residues in Milk Sample. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
5
|
Amelin VG, Lavrukhin DK, Tret’yakov AV. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of herbicides of urea derivatives family in natural waters by HPLC. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934813070022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
6
|
Crespo-Corral E, Santos-Delgado M, Polo-Díez L, Soria A. Determination of carbamate, phenylurea and phenoxy acid herbicide residues by gas chromatography after potassium tert-butoxide/dimethyl sulphoxide/ethyl iodide derivatization reaction. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1209:22-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
7
|
Katsumata H, Asai H, Kaneco S, Suzuki T, Ohta K. Determination of linuron in water samples by high performance liquid chromatography after preconcentration with octadecyl silanized magnetite. Microchem J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
Mughari AR, Galera MM, Vázquez PP, Valverde RS. Coupled-column liquid chromatography combined with postcolumn photochemical derivatization and fluorescence detection for the determination of herbicides in groundwater. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:673-8. [PMID: 17461105 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the application of coupled-column LC-photochemically induced fluorimetry-fluorescence detection (LC-LC-PIF-FD), demonstrating its potential for the quantitative and selective detection of six herbicides, including propanil and the phenylureas monuron, monolinuron, chlorotoluron, diuron and neburon in groundwater samples. An AQUASIL C18 50 x 4.6 mm(2) id column coupled to an AQUASIL C18 150 x 4.6 mm(2) id column for analyte clean-up and determination were used, respectively. A simple SPE with Cl8 cartridges was carried out, yielding average recoveries between 80 and 112% (n = 6) with RSDs between 0.5 and 9%. The LODs ranged from 0.0083 to 0.0833 microg/L in the groundwater samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Mughari
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Almeria, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Escuderos-Morenas ML, Santos-Delgado MJ, Rubio-Barroso S, Polo-Díez LM. Direct determination of monolinuron, linuron and chlorbromuron residues in potato samples by gas chromatography with nitrogen–phosphorus detection. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1011:143-53. [PMID: 14518771 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)01139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection direct method for methoxyurea herbicide determination in powdered potato and fresh potato samples has been developed. A previous study of the thermal stability of the phenylurea herbicides seems to confirm that the ones containing the methoxy radical, i.e. monolinuron, linuron and chlorbromuron, were stable. The herbicides were extracted from the sample through liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane-light petroleum (1:1), followed by solid-phase extraction in a C8 cartridge. The recoveries were in the range 84-95% for powdered potato and 86-101% for fresh potato. The RSD values were less than 10%, at 0.1 microg g(-1) concentration level (n = 4) for both types of samples. Detection limits of the method were 7.0-30 ng g(-1) for powdered potato and 6.0-50 ng g(-1) for fresh potato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Escuderos-Morenas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin HH, Sung YH, Huang SD. Solid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of phenylurea herbicides in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1012:57-66. [PMID: 14509342 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)01169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was successfully applied to the analysis of nine phenylurea herbicides (metoxuron, monuron, chlorotoluron, isoproturon, monolinuron, metobromuron, buturon, linuron, and chlorbromuron). Polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene (PDMS-DVB, 60 microm) and Carbowax-templated resin (CW-TPR, 50 microm) fibers were selected from four commercial fibers for further study because of their better extraction efficiencies. The parameters of the desorption procedure were studied and optimized. The effects of the properties of analytes and fiber coatings, carryover, duration and temperature of absorption, pH, organic solvent and ionic strength of samples were also investigated. External calibration with an aqueous standard can be used for the analysis of environmental samples (lake water) using either PDMS-DVB or CW-TPR fibers. Good precisions (1.0-5.9%) are achieved for this method, and the detection limits are at the level of 0.5-5.1 ng/ml.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hamada M, Wintersteiger R. Determination of phenylurea herbicides in drinking water. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2002. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.15.2002.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
Gerecke AC, Tixier C, Bartels T, Schwarzenbach RP, Müller SR. Determination of phenylurea herbicides in natural waters at concentrations below 1 ng l(-1) using solid-phase extraction, derivatization, and solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2001; 930:9-19. [PMID: 11681583 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A procedure is presented which allows the ultratrace level determination of phenylurea herbicides (PUHs) in natural waters. Samples were enriched by solid-phase extraction (SPE) on Carbopack B and alkylated with iodoethane and sodium hydride to yield thermostable products. After derivatization, the aqueous samples were extracted and injected by SPME. The use of iodoethane instead of iodomethane allowed the differentiation between parent compounds and the N-demethylated metabolites. Limits of detection were between 0.3 and 1.0 ng/l for the parent compounds. Standard deviations below 10% were achieved for samples containing more than 4 ng/l in very different matrices including Nanopure water, lake water, and waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. Moreover, the para-hydroxylated metabolite of diuron could be quantified with the same procedure. The presence of further metabolites was assessed qualitatively. Chromatography was stable over a large number of measurements even with dirty samples from WWTP effluent. The precision and sensitivity of the developed analytical method allowed the investigation of the fate of PUHs in lakes, their degradation during drinking water treatment and their transport within the North Sea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Gerecke
- Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG) and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Dübendorf
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
van der Heeft E, Dijkman E, Baumann RA, Hogendoorn EA. Comparison of various liquid chromatographic methods involving UV and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection for the efficient trace analysis of phenylurea herbicides in various types of water samples. J Chromatogr A 2000; 879:39-50. [PMID: 10870694 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The performance of mass spectrometric (MS) detection and UV detection in combination with reversed-phase liquid chromatography without and with the use of coupled column RPLC (LC-LC) has been compared for the trace analysis of phenylurea herbicides in environmental waters. The selected samples of this comparative study originated from an inter-laboratory study. For both detection modes, a 50 mm x 4.6 mm I.D. column and a 100 mm x 4.6 mm I.D. column packed with 3 microm C18 were used as the first (C-1) and second (C-2) column, respectively. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry was performed on a magnetic sector instrument. The LC-LC-MS analysis was carried out on-line by means of direct large volume (11.7 ml) injection (LVI). The performance of both on-line (LVI, 4 ml of sample) and off-line LC-LC-UV (244 nm) analysis was investigated. The latter procedure consisted of a solid-phase extraction (SPE) of 250 ml of water sample on a 500 mg C18 cartridge. The comparative study showed that LC-LC-MS is more selective then LC-LC-UV and, in most cases, more sensitive. The LVI-LC-LC-MS approach combines direct quantification and confirmation of most of the analytes down to a level of 0.01 microg/l in water samples in less then 30 min. As regards LC-LC-UV, the off-line method appeared to be a more viable approach in comparison with the on-line procedure. This method allows the screening of phenylurea's in various types of water samples down to a level of at least 0.05 microg/l. On-line analysis with LVI provided marginal sensitivity (limits of detection of about 0.1 microg/l) and selectivity was sometimes less in case of surface water samples. Both the on-line LVI-LC-LC-MS method and the LC-LC-UV method using off-line SPE were validated by analysing a series of real-life reference samples. These samples were part of an inter-laboratory test and contained residues of herbicides ranging from 0.02 to 0.8 microg/l. Beside good correlation between the methods the data agreed very well with the true values of the samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E van der Heeft
- Laboratory of Organic-Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bonato PS, Lanchote VL, Aparecida de Carvalho Dreossi S, Gomes MA, Cerdeira AL, de Carvalho D. High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Screening and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Confirmation of Tebuthiuron Residues in Drinking Water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4168(19990401)22:4<239::aid-jhrc239>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
15
|
Balinova A. Multiresidue determination of pesticides in plants by high-performance liquid chromatography following gel permeation chromatographic clean-up. J Chromatogr A 1998; 823:11-6. [PMID: 9818389 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Gel permeation chromatography was applied as a clean-up step in a HPLC multiresidue method for the determination of several pesticides in plants, not amenable to analysis by GC. The pesticides investigated were diflubenzuron, triflumuron, clofentezine, hexythiazox and flufenoxuron. The clean-up technique resulted in a good separation of analytes from co-extractive matrix compounds. Complete HPLC separation of all pesticides was achieved under the conditions selected. The analytical procedure was characterized with high accuracy and precision and acceptable sensitivity to meet requirements for monitoring these pesticides in crops.
Collapse
|
16
|
Baltussen E, Snijders H, Janssen HG, Sandra P, Cramers CA. Determination of phenylurea herbicides in water samples using online sorptive preconcentration and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV or electrospray mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A 1998; 802:285-95. [PMID: 9595696 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)01182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A recently developed method for the extraction of organic micropollutants from aqueous samples based on sorptive enrichment in columns packed with 100% polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) particles was coupled on-line with HPLC analysis. The sorptive enrichment procedure originally developed for relatively nonpolar analytes was used to preconcentrate polar phenylurea herbicides from aqueous samples. PDMS extraction columns of 5, 10 and 25 cm were used to extract the herbicides from distilled, tap and river water samples. A model that allows prediction of retention and breakthrough volumes is presented. Despite the essentially apolar nature of the PDMS material, it is possible to concentrate sample volumes up to 10 ml on PDMS cartridges without losses of the most polar analyte under investigation, fenuron. For less polar analytes significantly larger sample volumes can be applied. Since standard UV detection does not provide adequate selectivity for river water samples, an electrospray (ES)-MS instrument was used to determine phenylurea herbicides in a water sample from the river Dommel. Methoxuron was present at a level of 80 ng/l. The detection limit of the current set-up, using 10 ml water samples and ES-MS detection is 10 ng/l in river water samples. Strategies for further improvement of the detection limits are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Baltussen
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mensah JK, Lundanes E, Greibrokk T, Holen B. Determination of diflubenzuron in apples by gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1997; 765:85-90. [PMID: 9129303 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(96)00841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A method for the determination of residues of the insecticide diflubenzuron, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea, in apples using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection has been developed and validated. The three solvents ethyl acetate, acetone and dichloromethane were tested for extraction of diflubenzuron residues from apples. Dichloromethane gave the highest recovery and the lowest background and was chosen as the extraction solvent. After extraction the residue of diflubenzuron was derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride. The derivative was purified by silica solid-phase extraction using toluene as the eluent. The external standard calibration was linear over the range 0.05-1.0 microgram/ml and the limit of quantification was 0.03 mg/kg apple using 25 g samples. Recovery of diflubenzuron from spiked apples (0.1-0.8 mg/kg) was 80-88% with a relative standard deviation of less than 10% (n = 5). The method was applied to the determination of diflubenzuron residues in apples from a treated field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J K Mensah
- Norwegian Crop Research Institute, Pesticide Laboratory, As, Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Extraction methodology and chromatography for the determination of residual pesticides in water. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
19
|
Identification of diflubenzuron by packed-capillary supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron-capture negative ionization. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Separation of six phenylureas and chlorsulfuron standards by micellar, mixed micellar and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00026-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
21
|
|