1
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Poole CF. Applications of the solvation parameter model in thin-layer chromatography. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-022-00156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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2
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Volume and composition of semi-adsorbed stationary phases in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Comparison of water adsorption in common stationary phases and eluents. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1656:462543. [PMID: 34571282 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pycnometric and homologous series retention methods are used to determine the volume and mean composition of the water-rich layers partially adsorbed on the surface of several hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column fillings with acetonitrile-water and methanol-water as eluents. The findings obtained in this work confirm earlier studies using direct methods for measuring the stationary phase water content performed by Jandera's and Irgum's research groups. Water is preferentially adsorbed on the surface of the HILIC bonded phase in hydroorganic eluents containing more than 40% acetonitrile or 70% methanol, and a gradient of several water-rich transition layers between the polar bonded phase and the poorly polar bulk mobile phase is formed. These layers of reduced mobility act as HILIC stationary phases, retaining polar solutes. The volume of these layers and concentration of adsorbed water is much larger for acetonitrile-water than for methanol-water mobile phases. In hydroorganic eluents with less than 20-30% acetonitrile or 40% methanol the amount of preferentially adsorbed water is very small, and the observed retention behavior is close to the one in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). In eluents with intermediate acetonitrile-water or methanol-water compositions a mixed HILIC-RPLC behavior is presented. Comparison of several HILIC columns shows that the highest water enrichment in the HILIC retention region for acetonitrile-water mobile phases is observed for zwitterionic and aminopropyl bonded phases, followed in minor grade for diol and polyvinyl alcohol functionalizations. Pentafluorophenyl bonded phase, usually considered a HILIC column, does not show significant water adsorption, nor HILIC retention.
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3
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Soare AC, David V, Moldoveanu SC. Variation with Temperature of Phase Ratio in Reversed Phase HPLC for a Methanol/Water Mobile Phase. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Klimek-Turek A, Misiołek B, Dzido TH. Comparison of the Retention and Separation Selectivity of Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Polar Groups in RP-HPLC Systems with Different Stationary Phases and Eluents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215070. [PMID: 33139630 PMCID: PMC7663032 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, the retention of aromatic hydrocarbons with polar groups has been compared for systems with various nonpolar columns of the types from C3 to C18 and different mobile phases composed of methanol, acetonitrile, or tetrahydrofuran as modifiers. The selectivity separation of the solutes in systems with different adsorbents, when one eluent modifier is swapped by another, has been explained, taking into account molecular interactions of the solutes with components of the stationary phase region (i.e., extracted modifier depending on the chain length of the stationary phase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klimek-Turek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (B.M.); (T.H.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81448-7206
| | - Beata Misiołek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (B.M.); (T.H.D.)
- Department for Variations and Renewals of Medicinal Products, The Office for Registration of Medicinal Products, Medical Devices and Biocidal Products, Al. Jerozolimskie 181C, 02-222 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz H. Dzido
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (B.M.); (T.H.D.)
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5
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Chester TL. The combination of partition, size exclusion, and hydrodynamic models in chromatography, and application to bonded phases on porous supports. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1620:461011. [PMID: 32284152 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid partition chromatography has been used for many years as a model and teaching introduction to column chromatography. However, the partition model does not describe separations on bonded phases with porous supports particularly well, especially regarding the thermodynamics controlling solute distribution. Further difficulties arise when more than one mechanism is involved in solute retention. Nomenclature is not perfectly aligned with the underlying thermodynamic descriptors and is inconsistently applied over various chromatographic techniques. Presented here is a general description of retention that spans partition, size exclusion, and hydrodynamic separation processes, and is then applied to bonded-phase separations on porous supports. The model provides a general description applicable to adsorption, reversed-phase, hydrophilic interaction, size-exclusion, hydrodynamic chromatography, and any combination of these techniques including liquid chromatography at the critical condition. Further expansion to include retention by ion-exchange and field-flow fractionation appears to be possible. Recommendations on retention factor definition and evaluation are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Chester
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States.
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6
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De Pra M, Greco G, Krajewski MP, Martin MM, George E, Bartsch N, Steiner F. Effects of titanium contamination caused by iron-free high-performance liquid chromatography systems on peak shape and retention of drugs with chelating properties. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1611:460619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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7
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Krzemińska K, Dembek M, Bocian S. The competitiveness of solvent adsorption on polar‐embedded stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:4296-4303. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Krzemińska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and BioanalyticsFaculty of ChemistryNicolaus Copernicus University Toruń Poland
| | - Mikołaj Dembek
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and BioanalyticsFaculty of ChemistryNicolaus Copernicus University Toruń Poland
| | - Szymon Bocian
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and BioanalyticsFaculty of ChemistryNicolaus Copernicus University Toruń Poland
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8
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Poole CF. Influence of Solvent Effects on Retention of Small Molecules in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Skoczylas M, Bocian S, Kowalkowski T, Buszewski B. The effect of solvation processes on amino acid- and peptide-silica stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4152-4159. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Skoczylas
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
| | - Szymon Bocian
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalkowski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
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10
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Kwietniewski L, Rycyk M. The use of Ościk’s equation to describe the retention in reversed phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1496:45-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Bocian S, Skoczylas M, Goryńska I, Matyska M, Pesek J, Buszewski B. Solvation processes on phenyl-bonded stationary phases-The influence of polar functional groups. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4369-4376. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Bocian
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
| | - Magdalena Skoczylas
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
| | - Izabela Goryńska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
| | - Maria Matyska
- Department of Chemistry; San Jose State University; San Jose CA USA
| | - Joseph Pesek
- Department of Chemistry; San Jose State University; San Jose CA USA
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
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12
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Bocian S. Solvation processes in liquid chromatography: The importance and measurements. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1242494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Bocian
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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13
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Possibilities of retention prediction in fast gradient liquid chromatography. Part 3: Short silica monolithic columns. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1410:76-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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Thermodynamics Study of Solvent Adsorption on Octadecyl-Modified Silica. Chromatographia 2014; 78:21-30. [PMID: 25568463 PMCID: PMC4281355 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Elution and solvation processes in liquid chromatography may be controlled by temperature changes. In the case of solvent adsorption, the temperature influences the amount of adsorbed solvent as well as the enthalpy and entropy of the solvation process. In this work, the thermodynamic parameters of organic solvents used as organic modifiers in the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography elution process were determined. The changes of enthalpy and entropy in a series of chemically bonded stationary phases were measured to determine the effects of the temperature and surface coverage density of octadecyl ligands on the thermodynamic parameters of the solvation. For both the enthalpy and entropy a parabolic trend was observed with the minimum for medium surface coverage. The correlation of solvent adsorption values with the enthalpy of solvation was also investigated. The highest influence of the temperature on solvation process was observed for stationary phases with high surface coverage.
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15
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Cavazzini A, Marchetti N, Guzzinati R, Pasti L, Ciogli A, Gasparrini F, Laganà A. Understanding Mixed-Mode Retention Mechanisms in Liquid Chromatography with Hydrophobic Stationary Phases. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4919-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500248b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cavazzini
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Marchetti
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Guzzinati
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciogli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University “La Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University “La Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rome, “La Sapienza”, Piazzale
Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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16
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Seibert DS, Poole CF. Influence of solvent effects on retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography and solid-phase extraction using a cyanopropylsiloxane-bonded, silica-based sorbent. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02688000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Functionalized anion exchange stationary phase for separation of anionic compounds. Talanta 2014; 127:133-9. [PMID: 24913867 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of the multilayered stationary phases containing quaternary ammonium functional groups on the silica support was described. Bonded phases were characterized by elemental analysis, solid state (13)C NMR spectroscopy and chromatographic methods. The surface of silica support was coated with different number of polymeric layers formed by condensation polymerization of primary amine (methylamine) with diepoxide (1,4-butanedioldiglycidyl ether). A series of stationary phases with different number of polymerized layers were tested. Separation of an inorganic anions sample (F(-), Cl(-), NO2(-), Br(-), NO3(-)) and nucleotides was performed.
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18
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Jandera P, Hájek T, Vyňuchalová K. Retention and bandwidths prediction in fast gradient liquid chromatography. Part 2-Core-shell columns. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1337:57-66. [PMID: 24636562 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we confirmed that the well-established theory of gradient elution can be employed for prediction of retention in gradient elution from the isocratic data, method development and optimization in fast gradient chromatography employing short packed fully porous and monolithic columns and gradient times in between 1 and 2min, or even less. In the present work, we extended this study to short core-shell reversed-phase columns. We investigated the effects of the specification of the stationary phase in the core-shell structure on the prediction of gradient retention data. Two simple retention models describing the effects of the mobile phase on the retention by two-parameter equations yield comparable accuracy and can be used for prediction of elution times. The log-log model provides improved prediction of gradient bandwidths, especially for less retained compounds. A more sophisticated three-parameter model did not offer significant improvement of prediction. We compared the efficiency, selectivity and peak capacity of fast gradient separations of alkylbenzenes, phenolic acids and flavones on seven core shell columns with different lengths and chemistry of bonded shell stationary phase. Within the limits dictated by a fixed short separation time, appropriate adjustment of the range of the composition of mobile phase during gradient elution is the most efficient means to optimize the gradient separation. The gradient range affects sample bandwidths equally or even more significantly than the column length. Both 5-cm and 3-cm core-shell columns may provide comparable peak capacity in a fixed short gradient time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Jandera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Hájek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vyňuchalová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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19
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Study of hydration process on silica hydride surfaces by microcalorimetry and water adsorption. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 416:161-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Noga S, Bocian S, Buszewski B. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography columns classification by effect of solvation and chemometric methods. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1278:89-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Marchetti N, Caciolli L, Laganà A, Gasparrini F, Pasti L, Dondi F, Cavazzini A. Fluorous Affinity Chromatography for Enrichment and Determination of Perfluoroalkyl Substances. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7138-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301442m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Marchetti
- Lab “Terra&Acqua Tech”-Water Quality, Technopole of Ferrara and Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Caciolli
- Lab “Terra&Acqua Tech”-Water Quality, Technopole of Ferrara and Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, University “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, University “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Department
of Chemistry and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Department
of Chemistry and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department
of Chemistry and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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22
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Bocian S, Buszewski B. Residual silanols at reversed-phase silica in HPLC - a contribution for a better understanding. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1191-200. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Buszewski B, Bocian S, Rychlicki G, Matyska M, Pesek J. Determination of accessible silanols groups on silica gel surfaces using microcalorimetric measurements. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1232:43-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Mant CT, Hodges RS. Design of peptide standards with the same composition and minimal sequence variation to monitor performance/selectivity of reversed-phase matrices. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1230:30-40. [PMID: 22326185 PMCID: PMC3294100 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The present manuscript extends our de novo peptide design approach to the synthesis and evaluation of a new generation of reversed-phase HPLC peptide standards with the same composition and minimal sequence variation (SCMSV). Thus, we have designed and synthesized four series of peptide standards with the sequences Gly-X-Leu-Gly-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gly-Gly-Leu-Lys-Lys-amide, where the N-terminal is either N(α)-acetylated (Series 1) or contains a free α-amino group (Series 3); and Gly-Gly-Leu-Gly-Gly-Ala-Leu-Gly-X-Leu-Lys-Lys-amide, where the N-terminal is either N(α)-acetylated (Series 2) or contains a free α-amino group (Series 4). In this initial study, the single substitution position, X, was substituted with alkyl side-chains (Ala
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T. Mant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robert S. Hodges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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25
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Borówko M, Sokołowski S, Staszewski T. Adsorption from Binary Solutions on the Polymer-Tethered Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:3115-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jp300114y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Borówko
- Department for the Modeling
of Physico-Chemical
Processes, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - S. Sokołowski
- Department for the Modeling
of Physico-Chemical
Processes, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - T. Staszewski
- Department for the Modeling
of Physico-Chemical
Processes, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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26
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Vajda P, Bocian S, Buszewski B, Felinger A. Effect of polar interactions on the nonlinear behavior of phenol and aniline in reversed phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1228:155-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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27
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Buszewski B, Bocian S, Felinger A. Artifacts in liquid-phase separations-system, solvent, and impurity peaks. Chem Rev 2012; 112:2629-41. [PMID: 22309131 DOI: 10.1021/cr200182j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boguslaw Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
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28
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Jaćkowska M, Bocian S, Buszewski B. Dendrimer modified silica gel for anion exchange chromatography: synthesis, characterization and application. Analyst 2012; 137:4610-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Buszewski B, Noga S. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)--a powerful separation technique. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:231-47. [PMID: 21879300 PMCID: PMC3249561 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 769] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) provides an alternative approach to effectively separate small polar compounds on polar stationary phases. The purpose of this work was to review the options for the characterization of HILIC stationary phases and their applications for separations of polar compounds in complex matrices. The characteristics of the hydrophilic stationary phase may affect and in some cases limit the choices of mobile phase composition, ion strength or buffer pH value available, since mechanisms other than hydrophilic partitioning could potentially occur. Enhancing our understanding of retention behavior in HILIC increases the scope of possible applications of liquid chromatography. One interesting option may also be to use HILIC in orthogonal and/or two-dimensional separations. Bioapplications of HILIC systems are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
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30
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Simple models for the effect of aliphatic alcohol additives on the retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3616-23. [PMID: 21543073 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Four retention models for the effect of aliphatic alcohol additives on the retention of analytes in reversed-phase liquid chromatography have been developed following either a semi-thermodynamic treatment or an empirical approach. Their performance was tested using the experimental retention times of six non-polar analytes (alkylbenzenes) and ten o-phthalaldehyde derivatives of amino acids under different isocratic chromatographic runs when a small amount of ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol or 1-heptanol was added to methanol/water mixtures containing a constant amount of methanol. It was shown that for the structurally simple alkylbenzenes all the models can be adopted for retention prediction with good results. In contrast, just one out of four models, that with the fewest approximations, predicts satisfactorily the retention properties of amino acids derivatives. However, the most interesting feature is that this model can predict the effect of an alcohol-additive on the retention properties of solutes, even if this additive was not used in chromatographic runs done for the fitting procedure, provided that it belongs to the same homologous series of alkanols. This feature is also observed in all models described the retention of alkylbenzenes.
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Rafferty JL, Siepmann JI, Schure MR. Mobile phase effects in reversed-phase liquid chromatography: A comparison of acetonitrile/water and methanol/water solvents as studied by molecular simulation. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2203-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Vajda P, Bocian S, Buszewski B, Felinger A. Influence of the solvation process on solute adsorption in reversed phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1954-65. [PMID: 21109248 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Buszewski B, Bocian S, Rychlicki G. Investigation of silanol activity on the modified silica surfaces using microcalorimetric measurements. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:773-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Buszewski B, Bocian S, Matyska M, Pesek J. Study of solvation processes on cholesterol bonded phases. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:441-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Vajda P, Bocian S, Buszewski B, Felinger A. Examination of the surface heterogeneity of reversed-phase packing materials with solvent adsorption. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3644-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bocian S, Matyska M, Pesek J, Buszewski B. Study of the retention and selectivity of cholesterol bonded phases with different linkage spacers. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6891-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mant CT, Cepeniene D, Hodges RS. Reversed-phase HPLC of peptides: Assessing column and solvent selectivity on standard, polar-embedded and polar endcapped columns. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3005-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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Xin-Du G, Fred E R. An Integrated Theory of Adsorption and Partition Mechanism and Each Contribution to Solute Retention in Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20030210319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Xin-Du G, Fred E. R. A Direct Evidence of Stoichiometric Displacement between Insulin and Methanol in Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20030210218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Bocian S, Buszewski B. Retention mechanism of the multifunctional solute on columns with different coverage densities using highly aqueous reversed-phase conditions. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3033-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Schneider C, Menyes U, Jira T. Characterization of calixarene-bonded stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2930-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Buszewski B, Bocian S, Zera R. Influence of temperature and pressure on the preferential adsorption of component of hydroorganic mobile phase in liquid chromatography. ADSORPTION 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-010-9236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Buszewski B, Bocian S, Nowaczyk A. Modeling solvation on the chemically modified silica surfaces. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2060-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Buszewski B, Bocian S, Rychlicki G, Vajda P, Felinger A. Study of solvent adsorption on chemically bonded stationary phases by microcalorimetry and liquid chromatography. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 349:620-5. [PMID: 20584530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A detailed, molecular-level description of the sorption mechanism in reversed-phase liquid chromatography is of great interest to analytical chemists. For this purpose, solvent adsorption in the octadecyl stationary bonded phase was investigated. Preferential adsorption of solvents from an acetonitrile-water and methanol-water mobile phase was measured on a series of non-end-capped octadecyl bonded phases with different coverage densities of bonded ligands using the minor disturbance method. For a comparison, a microcalorimetric study of organic solvent adsorption on the stationary phase was executed. The results from the excess isotherm measurement agree well with the experimental measurement of the heat of immersion of the bonded stationary phases by the test solvents. The microcalorimetric measurement is another method for determination of solvation processes of the stationary phases. Changes of the heat of immersion provide information about the surface accessibility for interaction with solvent molecules. The increase of the stationary phase coverage density reduces the free space between bonded chains and penetration of solvent between organic chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7 St., 87-100 Torun, Poland.
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Bocian S, Vajda P, Felinger A, Buszewski B. Effect of End-Capping and Surface Coverage on the Mechanism of Solvent Adsorption. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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46
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Janicka M. Application of Ościk's Equation for Description of Solute Retention in RP HPLC and Calculation of Retention Factor in Water. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903288060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Janicka
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , Lublin, Poland
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47
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Description of retention characteristics of calixarene-bonded stationary phases in dependence of the methanol content in the mobile phase. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6285-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Bocian S, Vajda P, Felinger A, Buszewski B. Excess Adsorption of Commonly Used Organic Solvents from Water on Nonend-Capped C18-Bonded Phases in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9005759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Bocian
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland, and Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Vajda
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland, and Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Felinger
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland, and Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland, and Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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49
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Andrzejewska A, Gritti F, Guiochon G. Investigation of the adsorption mechanism of a peptide in reversed phase liquid chromatography, from pH controlled and uncontrolled solutions. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3992-4004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Retention models for isocratic and gradient elution in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1737-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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