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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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2
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Contributions to reversed-phase column selectivity. I. Steric interaction. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1724-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Poole CF, Poole SK. Foundations of retention in partition chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1530-50. [PMID: 19013576 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz H. Dzido
- a Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Medical Academy , Staszica 6, Lublin , 20-081 , Poland
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5
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Jandera P, Novotná K. Characterization of High‐Pressure Liquid Chromatography Columns using Chromatographic Methods. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600773424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Pappa-Louisi A, Nikitas P, Agrafiotou P. Column equilibration effects in gradient elution in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1127:97-107. [PMID: 16797559 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Revised: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental equations and conditions for linear and stepwise gradient elution in reversed-phase liquid chromatography are applied to a mixture of amino acids in their underivatized form in aqueous mobile phases modified by 2-propanol, acetonitrile or methanol for examining column equilibration effects. It was found in all cases systematic deviations between experimental and calculated retention times, which are prominent in 2-propanol, reduced in acetonitrile and practically negligible in methanol. These deviations appear within a chromatogram just after the first change in the composition of the mobile phase reaches the detector and last ca. 5 min, where the magnitude of errors reduces exponentially with time. Based on these observations we propose a simple way to correct the calculated from the gradient elution theory retention times of sample solutes. The origin of the discrepancies between theory and experiment as well as their impact on the resolution is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pappa-Louisi
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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7
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Buszewski B, Kowalska S, Krupczyńska K. New Generation of Chromatographic Packings and Columns for Determination of Biologically Active Compounds. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340500207367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Saito Y, Ohta H, Jinno K. Design and characterization of novel stationary phases based on retention behavior studies with various aromatic compounds. J Sep Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200390029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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Bose A, Gilpin RK, Jaroniec M. Adsorption and Thermogravimetric Studies of Mesoporous Silica Coated with Siloxane Polymer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2001; 240:224-228. [PMID: 11446804 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2001.7688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen adsorption and high-resolution thermogravimetry were used to study a series of samples prepared by coating porous silica with different amounts of siloxane polymer. Thermogravimetry was employed to investigate the thermal behavior of the coated samples as well as the polymer-silica interactions. Nitrogen adsorption was used to monitor the changes in the specific surface area, porosity, and surface properties upon polymer coating. It is shown that the gradual changes in the aforementioned properties are observed up to some limiting coating level. Also, in this coating range a rather uniform film is formed by siloxane polymer on the silica surface. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anima Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, 44242
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10
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Ban K, Jinno K. Molecular-dynamics simulation for liquid chromatographic interactions: effect of mobile phase composition. ANAL SCI 2001; 17:113-7. [PMID: 11993646 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A molecular-dynamics simulation method has been applied to investigate the influence of the mobile-phase composition on the retention of solutes in HPLC. The distribution profiles of the distance between two atoms in ODS ligands were constructed to characterize the conformation of ODS ligand molecules. The distinct difference of ODS conformation is observed by comparing molecular models consisting of solvent molecules at each solvent composition. The distribution profiles of the distance between the mobile-phase solvent molecules and ODS ligand molecules were also constructed to characterize the distribution of the solvent molecules at each composition. In all distribution profiles, the difference in the distribution due to a change in the solvent compositions was very clearly found, and the facts seem to be very reasonable. The distribution profiles of the distance between the solute, n-propylbenzene, and the terminal carbon atom in the ODS ligand, and between the solute and the silicon atom in the ODS ligand have been also constructed to see the distribution of the solutes in the separation system. The calculated solute distribution in the ODS-methanol/water system is very consistent with the actual chromatographic retention behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ban
- Toyohashi University of Technology, School of Materials Science, Aichi, Japan
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11
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Doyle CA, Vickers TJ, Mann CK, Dorsey JG. Characterization of C18-bonded liquid chromatographic stationary phases by Raman spectroscopy: the effect of mobile phase composition. J Chromatogr A 2000; 877:25-39. [PMID: 10845787 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is used to examine the effect of mobile phase composition on the orientation of octadecyl-bonded silica-based reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RPLC) stationary phase ligands. The effect of ligand bonding density is also investigated. The present experimental set-up utilizes a direct, noninvasive, on-column approach to examine the solvent dependent conformational behavior of the bonded ligands under flow-rate and back pressure conditions similar to those used during conventional RPLC measurements. Neat, single-component, mobile phase solvents including water, acetonitrile, methanol and chloroform are used to investigate the hypothesized collapsing and extension of stationary phase ligands with changes in mobile phase composition. No evidence of phase collapse was observed upon changing the mobile phase composition from an organic to an aqueous content. Also, Raman spectroscopic measurements allowed the differentiation between associated and free acetonitrile solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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12
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Claessens H, van Straten M, Cramers C, Jezierska M, Buszewski B. Comparative study of test methods for reversed-phase columns for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Doyle CA, Vickers TJ, Mann CK, Dorsey JG. Characterization of liquid chromatographic stationary phases by Raman spectroscopy. Effect of ligand type. J Chromatogr A 1997; 779:91-112. [PMID: 9335120 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study represents the first Raman spectroscopic characterization of conventional chemically-bonded liquid chromatographic (LC) stationary phases under typical flow-rate and pressure conditions. Raman spectra were obtained for amino propyl (NH2), cyano propyl (CN), phenyl (Ph), octadecyl (C18), octyl (C8), and methyl (C1) chemically-bonded silica-based stationary phases in 100% aqueous mobile phases. The present experimental set-up has allowed Raman spectra of various stationary phase ligands, present in sub-monolayer coverages on the siliceous supports, to be obtained. This study: (1) demonstrates that conventional Raman spectroscopic techniques can be used to study LC stationary phases; (2) presents the experimental set-up, conditions, and approaches utilized to obtain Raman spectra of conventional stationary phases; (3) examines the spectroscopic differences observed for a variety of different types of bonded ligands that are typically used in reversed-phase (RPLC) and normal-phase (NPLC) liquid chromatographic separations; and (4) considers other future studies that are possible with this experimental approach, including mobile phase composition and temperature studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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15
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Lukulay PH, McGuffin VL. Parametric Modulation in Liquid Chromatography: Multivariate Optimization of Mobile Phase Composition and Temperature. Anal Chem 1997; 69:2963-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9612281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H. Lukulay
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322
| | - Victoria L. McGuffin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322
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16
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Kovaleski JM, Wirth MJ. Lateral Diffusion of an Adsorbate at Chromatographic Octadecylsiloxane/Water Interfaces of Varying Hydrocarbon Density. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp970300b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Kovaleski
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Mary J. Wirth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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17
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Adsorption Mechanism of Human Serum Albumin on a Reversed-Phase Support by Kinetic, Chromatographic, and FTIR Methods. J Colloid Interface Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1006/jcis.1996.4740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Morel D, Soleiman S, Serpinet J. Gas chromatographic and differential scanning calorimetric studies of new bonded silicas in connection with transition phenomena. Chromatographia 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02272138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Studies of the interfacial properties of chemically bonded phases by sorption and liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Albert K, Tallarek U, Paulus A, Kunst M, Peters B, Guiochon G, Bayer E. NMR investigations of the silanophilic interactions of alkyl-modified silica. Anal Bioanal Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00323049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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