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Song H, Lin J, Zhu X, Chen Q. Developments in high-speed countercurrent chromatography and its applications in the separation of terpenoids and saponins. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1574-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Song
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Jianhong Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
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Hamzaoui M, Renault JH, Reynaud R, Hubert J. Centrifugal partition extraction in the pH-zone-refining displacement mode: An efficient strategy for the screening and isolation of biologically active phenolic compounds. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 937:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Maurya A, Gupta S, Negi S, Srivastava SK. pH-Zone-refining centrifugal partition chromatography for preparative isolation and purification of steroidal glycoalkaloids from Solanum xanthocarpum. J Sep Sci 2010; 32:3126-32. [PMID: 19697315 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
pH-Zone-refining centrifugal-partition chromatography (CPC) was successfully applied in the separation of complex polar steroidal glycoalkaloids of close Rf values, directly from a crude extract of Solanum xanthocarpum. The experiment was performed with a two phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate/butanol/water (1:4:5 by volume) where triethylamine (5 mM) was added to the upper organic mobile phase as an eluter and TFA (10 mM) to the aqueous stationary phase as a retainer. Separation of 1 g of crude extract over CPC resulted in two distinct pH-zones. The fractions collected in pH-zone i afforded 72 mg of solasonine while the fractions collected in pH-zone ii were slightly impure, hence were purified over medium pressure LC, which afforded 30 mg of solasonine and further 15 mg of solamargine (SM). The steroidal glycoalkaloids, SM and solasonine were isolated in 93.3 and 91.6% purity, respectively. The isolated alkaloids were characterized on the basis of their (1)H, (13)C-NMR, and ESI-MS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Maurya
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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Maurya A, Srivastava SK. Large-scale separation of clavine alkaloids from Ipomoea muricata by pH-zone-refining centrifugal partition chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:1732-6. [PMID: 19467935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Centrifugal partition chromatography in the pH-zone-refining mode was successfully applied to the separation of alkaloids, directly from a crude extract of Ipomoea muricata. The experiment was performed with a two-phase solvent system composed of methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE)-acetonitrile-water (4:1:5, v/v) where triethylamine (10 mM) was added to the upper organic stationary phase as a retainer and trifluoroacetic acid (10 mM) to the aqueous mobile phase as an eluter. From 4 g of crude extract, 210 mg lysergol and 182 mg chanoclavine were obtained in 97% and 79.6% purities. Total yield recovery was >95%. Isolated alkaloids were characterized on the basis of their (1)H, (13)C NMR and ESI-MS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Maurya
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
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Yang F, Ito Y. PH-Zone-refining counter-current chromatography of lappaconitine from Aconitum sinomontanum nakai I. Separation of prepurified extract. J Chromatogr A 2001; 923:281-5. [PMID: 11510553 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
pH-Zone-refining counter-current chromatography was applied to the separation of diterpenoid alkaloids from a crude sample from a crude prepurified sample containing lappaconitine at about 90% purity using a multilayer coil planet centrifuge. The experiment was performed with a two-phase solvent system composed of methyl tert.-butyl ether-tetrahydrofuran-distilled water (2:2:3, v/v) where triethylamine (10 mM) was added to the upper organic stationary phase as a retainer and hydrochloric acid (10 mM) to the aqueous mobile phase as an eluter. The separation of 10.5 g of the sample yielded 9.0 g of lappaconitine at a high purity of over 99% as determined by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yang
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Yang F, Quan J, Zhang T, Ito Y. Preparative separation of alkaloids from the root of Sophora flavescens Ait by pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1998; 822:316-20. [PMID: 9809449 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
pH-Zone-refining counter-current chromatography was applied to the separation of alkaloids from a crude extract of the root of Sophora flavescens Ait using a multilayer coil planet centrifuge. After methyl tert.-butyl ether and water were equilibrated, triethylamine (10 mM) was added to the organic phase as a retainer and hydrochloric acid (5-10 mM) to the aqueous phase as an eluter. The separation was performed by eluting the aqueous phase while the organic phase was used as the stationary phase. From 1.0 g of the crude extract, sophocarpine (170 mg) and matrine (600 mg) were separated within 4.5 h at high purity of over 98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yang
- Beijing Institute of New Technology Application, China
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Abstract
Peptides without protecting groups have been successfully separated by pH-zone-refining countercurrent chromatography (CCC) using an ion-pair reagent, di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA), as a modifier in the stationary phase. Preliminary studies indicated that two parameters, i.e., the DEHPA concentration in the stationary phase and hydrophobicity of the solvent system should be adjusted according to the hydrophobicity of the analytes. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups of dipeptides were each separated under optimized conditions. The method was successfully applied to gram-quantity separations of bacitracin complex and bovine insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ma
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 1676, USA
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Abstract
A recently developed preparative technique, pH-zone-refining countercurrent chromatography (CCC), separates organic acids and bases according to their pKa and hydrophobicity. The hydrodynamic mechanism of pH-zone-refining CCC is illustrated in two elution modes along with a simple mathematical analysis. Separations include acidic and basic derivatives of amino acids and peptides, hydroxyxanthene dyes, alkaloids, indole auxins, and structural and geometrical isomers. In addition, recently developed affinity ligand separations of enantiomers, polar catecholamines, and free peptides are also described. Technical guidance is provided for interested users so that they can conduct a systematic search for the optimum solvent system and experimental conditions. Advantages as well as limitations of the present technique are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ito
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1676, USA
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Ma Y, Sokoloski E, Ito Y. pH-Zone refining counter-current chromatography of polar catecholamines using di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid as a ligand. J Chromatogr A 1996; 724:348-53. [PMID: 8819796 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA) as a ligand in the stationary phase effectively increased the partition coefficient of polar catecholamines. pH-Zone refining counter-current chromatography of six components, i.e. five catecholamines and one amino acid (DOPA), was successfully performed using a two-phase solvent system composed of methyl tert.-butyl ether and water by adding DEHPA (20%) and ammonium acetate (200 mM) to the organic phase and HCl (50 mM) to the aqueous mobile phase. DOPA was eluted first as a normal peak followed by the five catecholamines which formed a succession of highly concentrated rectangular peaks associated with sharp impurity peaks at their borders (UV tracing at 280 nm). Both pH and standard partition coefficient of collected fractions indicated minimum overlap between the main peaks. Each component was identified by NMR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ma
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Ma Y, Ito Y, Foucault A. Resolution of gram quantities of racemates by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1995; 704:75-81. [PMID: 7599747 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00148-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Gram quantities of (+/-)-dinitrobenzoyl amino acids were separated by high-speed counter-current chromatography (CCC) using N-dodecanoyl-L-proline-3,5-dimethylanilide as a chiral selector (CS). Standard and pH-zone-refining CCC techniques were compared. By using the standard technique, 10 mg to a maximum of 1 g of samples was resolved in 2-9 h simply by increasing the concentration of the CS in the stationary phase. By using pH-zone-refining CCC, even more sample (2 g) was efficiently separated in less time (3 h). In both techniques, leakage of CS from the column was negligible. The method requires no solid support and the same column can be used repeatedly to separate a variety of enantiomers by dissolving appropriate chiral selectors in the stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ma
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Ma Y, Ito Y. Separation of peptide derivatives by pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1995; 702:197-206. [PMID: 7599739 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
pH-Zone-refining counter-current chromatography was applied to the preparative separation of oligopeptide derivatives containing up to three amino acids. Both acidic benzyloxycarbonyl peptides and basic peptides-beta-naphthylamide were successfully separated with two-phase solvent systems composed of methyl tert.-butyl ether, 1-butanol, acetonitrile and water using a set of suitable retainer and eluent reagents for each group. The preparative ability of the method was demonstrated in the separation of multigram quantities of analyte with a standard separation column with a total capacity of 325 ml. The effects of important factors such as polarity of the two-phase solvent system, concentrations of the eluent base and the retainer acid were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ma
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Ma Y, Ito Y, Sokolosky E, Fales HM. Separation of alkaloids by pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1994; 685:259-62. [PMID: 7842146 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
pH-Zone-refining counter-current chromatography was applied to the separation of alkaloids from a crude extract of Crinum moorei using a multilayer coil planet centrifuge. After methyl tert.-butyl ether and water were equilibrated, triethylamine (5-10 mM) was added to the organic phase and hydrochloric acid (5-10 mM) to the aqueous phase. The separation was performed by eluting the column with either the organic phase (displacement mode) or the aqueous phase (reverse-displacement mode) while the other phase was used as the stationary phase. From 3 g of the extract, crinine, powelline and crinamidine were separated in 2.5-7 h with minimum overlapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ma
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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