1
|
Chaisupa P, Wright RC. State-of-the-art in engineering small molecule biosensors and their applications in metabolic engineering. SLAS Technol 2024; 29:100113. [PMID: 37918525 PMCID: PMC11314541 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded biosensors are crucial for enhancing our understanding of how molecules regulate biological systems. Small molecule biosensors, in particular, help us understand the interaction between chemicals and biological processes. They also accelerate metabolic engineering by increasing screening throughput and eliminating the need for sample preparation through traditional chemical analysis. Additionally, they offer significantly higher spatial and temporal resolution in cellular analyte measurements. In this review, we discuss recent progress in in vivo biosensors and control systems-biosensor-based controllers-for metabolic engineering. We also specifically explore protein-based biosensors that utilize less commonly exploited signaling mechanisms, such as protein stability and induced degradation, compared to more prevalent transcription factor and allosteric regulation mechanism. We propose that these lesser-used mechanisms will be significant for engineering eukaryotic systems and slower-growing prokaryotic systems where protein turnover may facilitate more rapid and reliable measurement and regulation of the current cellular state. Lastly, we emphasize the utilization of cutting-edge and state-of-the-art techniques in the development of protein-based biosensors, achieved through rational design, directed evolution, and collaborative approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patarasuda Chaisupa
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - R Clay Wright
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Translational Plant Sciences Center (TPSC), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Dai C, Wu Y, Liu Y, Wei D. Molecular-electromechanical system for unamplified detection of trace analytes in biofluids. Nat Protoc 2023:10.1038/s41596-023-00830-x. [PMID: 37208410 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biological research and diagnostic applications normally require analysis of trace analytes in biofluids. Although considerable advancements have been made in developing precise molecular assays, the trade-off between sensitivity and ability to resist non-specific adsorption remains a challenge. Here, we describe the implementation of a testing platform based on a molecular-electromechanical system (MolEMS) immobilized on graphene field-effect transistors. A MolEMS is a self-assembled DNA nanostructure, containing a stiff tetrahedral base and a flexible single-stranded DNA cantilever. Electromechanical actuation of the cantilever modulates sensing events close to the transistor channel, improving signal-transduction efficiency, while the stiff base prevents non-specific adsorption of background molecules present in biofluids. A MolEMS realizes unamplified detection of proteins, ions, small molecules and nucleic acids within minutes and has a limit of detection of several copies in 100 μl of testing solution, offering an assay methodology with wide-ranging applications. In this protocol, we provide step-by-step procedures for MolEMS design and assemblage, sensor manufacture and operation of a MolEMS in several applications. We also describe adaptations to construct a portable detection platform. It takes ~18 h to construct the device and ~4 min to finish the testing from sample addition to result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yungeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Methamphetamine detection using nanoparticle-based biosensors: A comprehensive review. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
4
|
Ivanov YD, Tatur VY, Shumov ID, Kozlov AF, Valueva AA, Ivanova IA, Ershova MO, Ivanova ND, Stepanov IN, Lukyanitsa AA, Ziborov VS. The Effect of a Rotating Cone on Horseradish Peroxidase Aggregation on Mica Revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1947. [PMID: 36363968 PMCID: PMC9697547 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Our study reported herein aims to determine whether an electromagnetic field, induced triboelectrically by a metallic cone, rotating at a frequency of 167 Hz, has an effect on the properties of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to detect even the most subtle effects on single enzyme molecules. In parallel, a macroscopic method (spectrophotometry) was used to reveal whether the enzymatic activity of HRP in solution was affected. An aqueous solution of the enzyme was incubated at a distance of 2 cm from the rotating cone. The experiments were performed at various incubation times. The control experiments were performed with a non-rotating cone. The incubation of the HRP solution was found to cause the disaggregation of the enzyme. At longer incubation times, this disaggregation was found to be accompanied by the formation of higher-order aggregates; however, no change in the HRP enzymatic activity was observed. The results of our experiments could be of interest in the development of enzyme-based biosensors with rotating elements such as stirrers. Additionally, the results obtained herein are important for the correct interpretation of data obtained with such biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri D. Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str., 10 Build. 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Y. Tatur
- Foundation of Perspective Technologies and Novations, 115682 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan D. Shumov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str., 10 Build. 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey F. Kozlov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str., 10 Build. 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Valueva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str., 10 Build. 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A. Ivanova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str., 10 Build. 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria O. Ershova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str., 10 Build. 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina D. Ivanova
- Foundation of Perspective Technologies and Novations, 115682 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology Named after Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor N. Stepanov
- Foundation of Perspective Technologies and Novations, 115682 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei A. Lukyanitsa
- Foundation of Perspective Technologies and Novations, 115682 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim S. Ziborov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str., 10 Build. 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Singal S, Srivastava AK, Kotnala RK, Rajesh. Single-frequency impedance analysis of biofunctionalized dendrimer-encapsulated Pt nanoparticles-modified screen-printed electrode for biomolecular detection. J Solid State Electrochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-018-3977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
6
|
Ruff A, Pinyou P, Nolten M, Conzuelo F, Schuhmann W. A Self-Powered Ethanol Biosensor. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ruff
- Analytical Chemistry -; Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Piyanut Pinyou
- Analytical Chemistry -; Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Melinda Nolten
- Analytical Chemistry -; Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Felipe Conzuelo
- Analytical Chemistry -; Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry -; Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
References. Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1201/b11478-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
8
|
Trojanowicz M. Recent developments in electrochemical flow detections—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 688:8-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Development of an alcohol dehydrogenase biosensor for ethanol determination with toluidine blue O covalently attached to a cellulose acetate modified electrode. SENSORS 2010; 10:748-64. [PMID: 22315566 PMCID: PMC3270867 DOI: 10.3390/s100100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel voltammetric ethanol biosensor was constructed using alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Firstly, alcohol dehydrogenase was immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode modified by cellulose acetate (CA) bonded to toluidine blue O (TBO). Secondly, the surface was covered by a glutaraldehyde/bovine serum albumin (BSA) cross-linking procedure to provide a new voltammetric sensor for the ethanol determination. In order to fabricate the biosensor, a new electrode matrix containing insoluble Toluidine Blue O (TBO) was obtained from the process, and enzyme/coenzyme was combined on the biosensor surface. The influence of various experimental conditions was examined for the characterization of the optimum analytical performance. The developed biosensor exhibited sensitive and selective determination of ethanol and showed a linear response between 1 × 10−5 M and 4 × 10−4 M ethanol. A detection limit calculated as three times the signal-to-noise ratio was 5.0 × 10−6 M. At the end of the 20th day, the biosensor still retained 50% of its initial activity.
Collapse
|
10
|
Akin M, Yuksel M, Geyik C, Odaci D, Bluma A, Höpfner T, Beutel S, Scheper T, Timur S. Alcohol biosensing by polyamidoamine (PAMAM)/cysteamine/alcohol oxidase-modified gold electrode. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:896-906. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
11
|
|
12
|
Weng YC, Rick JF, Chou TC. A sputtered thin film of nanostructured Ni/Pt/Ti on Al2O3 substrate for ethanol sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 20:41-51. [PMID: 15142575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2003] [Accepted: 01/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel thin film ethanol sensor using sputtered Ni/Pt/Ti on an Al2O3 substrate as the working electrode in an alkaline solution was developed. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the nanostructure of nickel films. Sputtering deposition conditions for maximum catalytic efficiency, electrode selectivity, and reproducibility were discussed. The results showed that ethanol oxidation was more efficient on the sputtered Ni/Pt/Ti on an Al2O3 substrate electrode than that on the conventional nickel electrode. The optimal operating conditions to generate the sputtered Ni/Pt/Ti on the Al2O3 substrate electrode were: 45 min of Ni sputtering deposition time, and 50 W of Ni sputtering power. The results also indicated that the response time of the prepared ethanol sensor is 27 s and the best sensitivity is 3.08 microA microM(-1) cm(-2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Weng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rotariu L, Bala C, Magearu V. New potentiometric microbial biosensor for ethanol determination in alcoholic beverages. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
Hasunuma T, Kuwabata S, Fukusaki EI, Kobayashi A. Real-time quantification of methanol in plants using a hybrid alcohol oxidase-peroxidase biosensor. Anal Chem 2004; 76:1500-6. [PMID: 14987109 DOI: 10.1021/ac035309q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An amperometric biosensor immobilizing two enzymes and an electron mediator in an identical plane has been fabricated by the self-assembly technique for determination of methanol in crude plant samples. A self-assembled mixed monolayer of 4,4'-dithiodibutyric acid covalently attached two enzymes (Hansenula sp. alcohol oxidase and horseradish peroxidase) and 11-ferrocenyl-1-undecanethiol as an electron mediator on an Au electrode is exploited to produce a two-dimensional reaction matrix. The composition of the two enzymes and electron mediator molecules was optimized for detection of methanol in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.0). We successfully quantified methanol in low-purity tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plant extracts with the biosensor, which showed sensitivity comparable to that of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The redox-relay biosensor is quite simple and stable due to its covalent attachment to the Au surface, making it possible to downsize the construction. We fabricated a miniature methanol biosensor that fitted a well of a 96-well micro assay plate available for high-throughput assay. The biosensor is advantageous for the sensitive, continuous, and convenient determination of methanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Prada AGV, Peña N, Mena ML, Reviejo AJ, Pingarrón JM. Graphite-Teflon composite bienzyme amperometric biosensors for monitoring of alcohols. Biosens Bioelectron 2003; 18:1279-88. [PMID: 12835046 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(03)00074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Composite graphite-Teflon electrodes, in which the enzymes alcohol oxidase (AOD) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), as well as the mediator ferrocene, are incorporated into the electrode matrix, are reported for the reliable monitoring of alcohols in food and beverages. The bienzyme electrodes are constructed by simple physical inclusion of the enzymes and the mediator in the bulk of graphite-70% Teflon rigid cylindrical pellets. The composite biosensors are robust and reusable because of the renewability of the electrode surface by polishing. Reproducible amperometric responses at 0.00 V were obtained with different electrodes constructed from the same pellet and from different pellets. No significant loss of the enzymes activities was found after at least 3 months of storage at 0 degrees C. The detection limits obtained by amperometry in stirred solutions can be advantageously compared with those achieved with commercial sensors for alcohols. The bienzyme electrodes are suitable to be used under flow-injection conditions, as well as for amperometric detection in HPLC. The bioelectrodes were employed for the determination of ethanol in beers, wines and liquors, using both batch- and flow-injection modes, and for the determination of methanol in wines and liquors by HPLC with amperometric detection. Only a dilution of the beverages was needed as sample treatment in all cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Guzmán-Vázquez de Prada
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Simultaneous detection of ethanol, glucose and glycerol in wines using pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent dehydrogenases based biosensors. Food Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(03)00118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Santos AS, Freire RS, Kubota LT. Highly stable amperometric biosensor for ethanol based on Meldola's blue adsorbed on silica gel modified with niobium oxide. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(03)00186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
18
|
Rotariu L, Bala C. New Type of Ethanol Microbial Biosensor Based on a Highly Sensitive Amperometric Oxygen Electrode and Yeast Cells. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120024335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
19
|
Guerrieri A, Palmisano F. An acetylcholinesterase/choline oxidase-based amperometric biosensors as a liquid chromatography detector for acetylcholine and choline determination in brain tissue homogenates. Anal Chem 2001; 73:2875-82. [PMID: 11467530 DOI: 10.1021/ac000852h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography (LC) detector based on a fast response and sensitive bienzyme amperometric biosensor for acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) is described. The detector fabrication consisted of glutaraldehyde co-crosslinking of acetylcholinesterase and choline oxidase with bovine serum albumin on the Pt working electrode of a conventional thin-layer electrochemical flow cell. The influence of some experimental parameters (e.g., enzyme loading, thickness of the bienzyme layer, flow rate) on the detector characteristics has been studied in order to optimize the analyte response while minimizing band-broadening and distortion. A mobile phase consisting of a phosphate buffer (I, 0.1 M; pH, 6.5) containing 5 mM sodium hexane sulfonate and 10 mM tetramethylammonium phosphate was found to give very satisfactory resolution and peak shape in ion-pair, reversed-phase LC. Linear responses were observed over at least four decades and absolute detection limits (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) were 12 and 27 fmol injected for Ch and ACh, respectively. After one month of intensive use in the LC system, the detector retained about 70% of its initial sensitivity. The potential of the described approach is demonstrated by the simultaneous determination of Ch and ACh in rat brain tissue homogenates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Guerrieri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Reshetilov AN, Trotsenko JA, Morozova NO, Iliasov PV, Ashin VV. Characteristics of Gluconobacter oxydans B-1280 and Pichia methanolica MN4 cell based biosensors for detection of ethanol. Process Biochem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(01)00141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
21
|
Markoglou N, Wainer IW. Synthesis and characterization of immobilized dopamine beta-hydroxylase in membrane-bound and solubilized formats. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2001; 48:61-75. [PMID: 11282402 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(00)00142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) catalyzes the beta-hydroxylation of dopamine to norepinephrine. The enzyme in chromaffin granules occurs in a soluble form and a form confined to the surrounding membrane. DBH was noncovalently immobilized in the hydrophobic interface of an immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) liquid chromatographic stationary phase and the resulting DBH-IAM stationary phase was enzymatically active and was shown to mimic the membrane-bound form of the enzyme. DBH was also covalently immobilized onto a silica-based support containing, glutaraldehyde-P (Glut-P). The resulting DBH-Glut-P interphase was also enzymatically active, reproducible and shown to display characteristics of the solubilized enzyme. The results demonstrate that the different immobilization methods utilized for the enzyme can be used to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the enzyme kinetic constants associated with enzyme/substrate and enzyme/inhibitor interactions for the two distinct forms of the enzyme. These new entities can be used in basic biochemical studies as well as in high throughput screening of substances for DBH substrate/inhibitor properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Markoglou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Quebec, Montreal, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Boujtita M, Hart JP, Pittson R. Development of a disposable ethanol biosensor based on a chemically modified screen-printed electrode coated with alcohol oxidase for the analysis of beer. Biosens Bioelectron 2000; 15:257-63. [PMID: 11219737 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(00)00075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A disposable amperometric biosensor for the measurement of ethanol has been developed. It comprises a screen-printed carbon electrode doped with 5% cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPC-SPCE), and coated with alcohol oxidase; a permselective membrane on the surface acts as a barrier to interferents. The measurement of ethanol is based on the signal produced by H2O2, the product of the enzymatic reaction. Optimisation studies were performed using amperometry in stirred solution and the magnitude of the signal was found to be dependent on pH, enzyme loading, type of membrane and applied potential. The same technique was used to evaluate the biosensor for the determination of ethanol in samples. The results obtained compared well with the manufacturers specifications. In order to test the possibility of using the devices in the field, chronoamperometry was also used to determine ethanol in the same beer samples. The precision and recovery data again indicated that the biosensor should give reliable results under the conditions described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Boujtita
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schultheiss J, Jensen D, Galensa R. Determination of aldehydes in food by high-performance liquid chromatography with biosensor coupling and micromembrane suppressors. J Chromatogr A 2000; 880:233-42. [PMID: 10890522 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography system for the determination of aldehydes in food was developed incorporating an Cation MicroMembrane Suppressor (CMMS) and enzyme reactors packed with VA-Epoxy on which aldehyde dehydrogenase from bakers yeast and NADH oxidase from Bacillus licheniformis were immobilized. The method was based on the principle that the separation efficiency of HPLC is combined with the sensitivity of electrochemical detection and the specificity of enzymes. Main attention was directed to the determination of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde and 2-furaldehyde, the occurrence of which is an indication of quality deterioration in several food products. The efficiency of the method has been shown by the analysis of honey, coffee and related beverages, refreshments, sherry, port, dry fruits and breakfast cereals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Schultheiss
- Institute of Food Science and Food Chemistry, University Bonn, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Petro M, Svec F, Fréchet JMJ. Immobilization of trypsin onto “molded” macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) rods and use of the conjugates as bioreactors and for affinity chromatography. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 49:355-63. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19960220)49:4<355::aid-bit1>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
26
|
|
27
|
Vidal JC, Méndez S, Castillo JR. Electropolymerization of pyrrole and phenylenediamine over an organic conducting salt based amperometric sensor of increased selectivity for glucose determination. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
28
|
Lidén H, Vijayakumar AR, Gorton L, Marko-Varga G. Rapid alcohol determination in plasma and urine by column liquid chromatography with biosensor detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1998; 17:1111-28. [PMID: 9884201 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(98)00077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme based amperometric biosensor used as a selective and sensitive detection unit in column liquid chromatography for the determination of ethanol and methanol in biological fluids such as plasma and urine is described. The reagentless enzyme electrode is based on the co-immobilisation of alcohol oxidase and horseradish peroxidase in carbon paste. The selectivity of the biosensor was found to vary when four various alcohol oxidase enzyme preparations from Candida boidinii, Pichia pastoris, and Hansenula polymorpha were used in the biosensors described. High sensitivity could be obtained for a number of alcohols, organic acids, and aldehydes. Optimisation regarding the sensitivity and selectivity of the four alcohol oxidase co-immobilised biosensors are outlined. A fast and reliable liquid chromatographic separation system with a PLRP-S polymer based separation column used with a phosphate buffer as the mobile phase was optimised using the best biosensor which was based on alcohol oxidase from P. pastoris and which showed the highest turnover rate for alcohols, as the detector for the determination of ethanol and methanol in human urine and plasma samples. The selectivity and stability of the biosensor were retained by working at an applied potential of -50 mV versus Ag/AgCl, the optimal operational potential, and by the casting of a protective membrane on the electrode surface. High selectivity of the enzyme electrode was also found towards other easily oxidisable interfering species normally present in biological fluids. It was found that stable and reliable determinations of ethanol and methanol in plasma and urine could be performed with only a simple dilution and centrifugation step prior to injection into the liquid chromatographic system. An analysis time of 4 min was required for the assay, with a sample throughput of 13 samples h(-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Lidén
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Morales A, Céspedes F, Martı́nez-Fàbregas E, Alegret S. Ethanol amperometric biosensor based on an alcohol oxidase–graphite–polymer biocomposite. Electrochim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(98)00105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
30
|
Fishman HA, Greenwald DR, Zare RN. Biosensors in chemical separations. ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1998; 27:165-98. [PMID: 9646866 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biophys.27.1.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Identification of biomolecules in complex biological mixtures represents a major challenge in biomedical, environmental, and chemical research today. Chemical separations with traditional detection schemes such as absorption, fluorescence, refractive index, conductivity, and electrochemistry have been the standards for definitive identifications of many compounds. In many instances, however, the complexity of the biomixture exceeds the resolution capability of chemical separations. Biosensors based on molecular recognition can dramatically improve the selectivity of and provide biologically relevant information about the components. This review describes how coupling chemical separations with online biosensors solves challenging problems in sample analysis by identifying components that would not normally be detectable by either technique alone. This review also presents examples and principles of combining chemical separations with biosensor detection that uses living systems, whole cells, membrane receptors, enzymes, and immunosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H A Fishman
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, California 94305, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kinoshita H, Torimura M, Kano K, Ikeda T. Peroxidase-based amperometric sensor of hydrogen peroxide generated in oxidase reaction: Application to creatinine and creatine assay. ELECTROANAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140091603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
32
|
Ghindilis AL, Atanasov P, Wilkins E. Enzyme-catalyzed direct electron transfer: Fundamentals and analytical applications. ELECTROANAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140090902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
33
|
Ruzgas T, Csöregi E, Emnéus J, Gorton L, Marko-Varga G. Peroxidase-modified electrodes: Fundamentals and application. Anal Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(96)00169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
34
|
Yang L, Kissinger PT. Determination of oxidase enzyme substrates using cross-flow thin-layer amperometry. ELECTROANAL 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140080803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Sensitive determination of ethanol in low-alcohol samples by ion-exclusion chromatography with EC detection using a ruthenium-based inorganic film electrode. Food Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0308-8146(95)00060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
37
|
El Atrash SS, O'Neill RD. Characterisation in vitro of a naphthoquinone-mediated glucose oxidase-modified carbon paste electrode designed for neurochemical analysis in vivo. Electrochim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(95)00260-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
38
|
Torto N, Buttler T, Gorton L, Marko-Varga G, Stålbrand H, Tjerneld F. Monitoring of enzymatic hydrolysis of ivory nut mannan using on-line microdialysis sampling and anion-exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed electrochemical detection. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
39
|
Cataldi TR, Centonze D, Desimoni E, Forastiero V. Electrocatalysis and amperometric detection of ethanol at ruthenium-based inorganic films with improved response stability. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00135-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
40
|
|
41
|
|