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Kirchkeszner C, Petrovics N, Széles A, Koshman Y, Szabó BS, Nyiri Z, Novák M, Rikker T, Eke Z. Comprehensive study of retention influencing gas chromatographic parameters affecting linear retention indices. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1729:465052. [PMID: 38852268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Retention in gas chromatographic systems has a central role in the identification of compounds even if detectors providing spectral information are used. But linear retention indices (LRI) of a single compound originating from multiple sources tend to vary greatly, probably due to differences in the experimental settings of the determinations. The effect of gas chromatographic parameters on LRI has been investigated using 41 compounds - previously identified from food contact plastics - and n-alkanes (n-C7-n-C40) used as reference series. As the reproducibility of LRIs under the same conditions is generally very good, the smallest changes in the settings often caused statistically significant, though irrelevant changes in the LRI values. Therefore, a multicriterial scoring-ranking system has been worked out to highlight the LRI value differences. Our results highlight that column length, heating rate, and film thickness can all be the reasons of the varying published LRI values. We also demonstrated that for the reproduction of LRI data, the chemistry (and not simply the polarity) of the stationary phase is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Kirchkeszner
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Joint Research and Training Laboratory on Separation Techniques, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Petrovics
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Joint Research and Training Laboratory on Separation Techniques, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aliz Széles
- Joint Research and Training Laboratory on Separation Techniques, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yelena Koshman
- Joint Research and Training Laboratory on Separation Techniques, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Sámuel Szabó
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Joint Research and Training Laboratory on Separation Techniques, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Nyiri
- Joint Research and Training Laboratory on Separation Techniques, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Novák
- Joint Research and Training Laboratory on Separation Techniques, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Rikker
- Wessling International Research and Educational Center, Anonymus u. 6, H-1045 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Eke
- Joint Research and Training Laboratory on Separation Techniques, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Wessling International Research and Educational Center, Anonymus u. 6, H-1045 Budapest, Hungary.
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Gibbs energy additivity approaches to QSRR in generating gas chromatographic retention time for identification of fatty acid methyl ester. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2777-2789. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Castello G, Moretti P, Vezzani S. Retention models for programmed gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1607-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zellner BD, Bicchi C, Dugo P, Rubiolo P, Dugo G, Mondello L. Linear retention indices in gas chromatographic analysis: a review. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Santiuste JM, Tarján G, Ullrich E, Takács JM. Contribution to linearly programmed temperature gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1181:103-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zabiegała B, Partyka M, Górecki T, Namieśnik J. Application of the chromatographic retention index system for the estimation of the calibration constants of permeation passive samplers with polydimethylsiloxane membranes. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1117:19-30. [PMID: 16600266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2005] [Revised: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of research on the calibration of permeation passive samplers equipped with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes using the physico-chemical properties of the analytes. Strong correlations were found between the calibration constants of the samplers and the linear temperature-programmed retention indices of the analytes determined on columns coated with pure PDMS (r2 = 0.914). These correlations make it possible to estimate the calibration constants for unidentified analytes, which is impossible when using conventional procedures. This, in turn, enables the deployment of permeation passive samplers in the same way in which active samplers are deployed. The reproducibility of the calibration constants determined in different laboratories and retention indices determined using different chromatographic systems was very good, indicating that the calibration constants estimated using this approach should be reproducible as well. The approach proposed should lead to more widespread use of permeation passive samplers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Zabiegała
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
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Santiuste JM, Harangi J, Takács JM. Mosaic increments for predicting the gas chromatographic retention data of the chlorobenzenes. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1002:155-68. [PMID: 12885087 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The chlorinated organic compounds are very important from the point of view of the chemical industry and environmental protection, and therefore the gas chromatographic analysis of these compounds is very interesting for analytical chemists. In this paper we studied the relationship between the molecular structure and gas chromatographic retention on several stationary phases having different polarity and at several temperatures of benzene and 12 chlorobenzene compounds as model compounds. A coding system involving primary (mosaic increments) and secondary (bond increments)calculation methods was developed. The retention indices of benzene and the chlorobenzenes calculated on HP-5 at 120 degrees C shows a better performance of the mosaic increments (average absolute deviation delta of 1.7 retention index units) compared with the bond increments (delta = 11.7 retention index units). Retention factors, k, calculated with mosaic increments for chlorobenzenes on SPB-1 and WAX-10, at 140 degrees C, yield average relative errors of epsilon = 0.9 and 3.5%, respectively. Therefore, the presented paper provides a new possibility for precalculation of the retention data.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Santiuste
- Instituto de Quimica Fisica Rocasolano, C.S.I.C. Department of Structure and Molecular Dynamics. C. Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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