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Carlson S, Schullian O, Becker MR, Netz RR. Modeling Water Interactions with Graphene and Graphite via Force Fields Consistent with Experimental Contact Angles. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6325-6333. [PMID: 38856977 PMCID: PMC11194815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Accurate simulation models for water interactions with graphene and graphite are important for nanofluidic applications, but existing force fields produce widely varying contact angles. Our extensive review of the experimental literature reveals extreme variation among reported values of graphene-water contact angles and a clustering of graphite-water contact angles into groups of freshly exfoliated (60° ± 13°) and not-freshly exfoliated graphite surfaces. The carbon-oxygen dispersion energy for a classical force field is optimized with respect to this 60° graphite-water contact angle in the infinite-force-cutoff limit, which in turn yields a contact angle for unsupported graphene of 80°, in agreement with the mean of the experimental results. Interaction force fields for finite cutoffs are also derived. A method for calculating contact angles from pressure tensors of planar equilibrium simulations that is ideally suited to graphite and graphene surfaces is introduced. Our methodology is widely applicable to any liquid-surface combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane
R. Carlson
- Fachbereich
Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Schullian
- Fachbereich
Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of
Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maximilian R. Becker
- Fachbereich
Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland R. Netz
- Fachbereich
Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Bala M, Singh V. Facile fabrication of robust self-cleaning fluorine-free reduced graphene oxide based superhydrophobic surfaces. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02710-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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3
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Fan H, Sun F. Developing Graphene Grids for Cryoelectron Microscopy. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:937253. [PMID: 35911962 PMCID: PMC9326159 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.937253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) single particle analysis has become one of the major techniques used to study high-resolution 3D structures of biological macromolecules. Specimens are generally prepared in a thin layer of vitrified ice using a holey carbon grid. However, the sample quality using this type of grid is not always ideal for high-resolution imaging even when the specimens in the test tube behave ideally. Various problems occur during a vitrification procedure, including poor/nonuniform distribution of particles, preferred orientation of particles, specimen denaturation/degradation, high background from thick ice, and beam-induced motion, which have become important bottlenecks in high-resolution structural studies using cryo-EM in many projects. In recent years, grids with support films made of graphene and its derivatives have been developed to efficiently solve these problems. Here, the various advantages of graphene grids over conventional holey carbon film grids, functionalization of graphene support films, production methods of graphene grids, and origins of pristine graphene contamination are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Papadopoulou E, Zavadlav J, Podgornik R, Praprotnik M, Koumoutsakos P. Tuning the Dielectric Response of Water in Nanoconfinement through Surface Wettability. ACS NANO 2021; 15:20311-20318. [PMID: 34813279 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The tunable polarity of water can be exploited in emerging technologies including catalysis, gas storage, and green chemistry. Recent experimental and theoretical studies have shown that water can be rendered into an effectively apolar solvent under nanoconfinement. We furthermore demonstrate, through molecular simulations, that the static dielectric constant of water can be modified by changing the wettability of the confining material. We find the out-of-plane dielectric response to be highly sensitive to the level of confinement and can be reduced up to 40× , in accordance with experimental data. By altering the surface wettability from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic, we observe a 36% increase for the out-of-plane and a 31% decrease for the in-plane dielectric constants. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of tunable water polarity, a phenomenon with great potential for scientific and technological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermioni Papadopoulou
- Computational Science and Engineering Laboratory, ETH-Zurich, Clausiusstrasse 33, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julija Zavadlav
- Professorship of Multiscale Modeling of Fluid Materials, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, DE-85748 Garching near Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Podgornik
- School of Physical Sciences and Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Wenzhou Institute of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Matej Praprotnik
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petros Koumoutsakos
- Computational Science and Engineering Laboratory, ETH-Zurich, Clausiusstrasse 33, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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5
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Pitchiya AP, Le NT, Putnam ZA, Harrington M, Krishnan S. Microporous Graphite Composites of Tailorable Porosity, Surface Wettability, and Water Permeability for Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Prathap Pitchiya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Ngoc-Tram Le
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Zackary A. Putnam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Ph.D. Program, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | | | - Sitaraman Krishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
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6
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Paniagua-Guerra LE, Gonzalez-Valle CU, Ramos-Alvarado B. Effects of the Interfacial Modeling Approach on Equilibrium Calculations of Slip Length for Nanoconfined Water in Carbon Slits. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:14772-14781. [PMID: 33215929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to assess the influence of the interface modeling approach on the calculation of hydrodynamic slip in carbon nanochannels. A Green-Kubo formalism was implemented for the calculation of the slip length in water confined by graphite layers. The nonbonded interactions between solid and liquid atoms (interface models) were modeled using parameters optimized to represent the wetting behavior and adsorption energy curves from electronic structure calculations. Conventional carbon-oxygen-only interaction models were compared against comprehensive models able to represent the molecular-orientation-dependent energy of interaction. Quasi-universal relationships built under the premise of the slip length dependence on the water-graphite affinity and characterized by macroscopic wettability were critically assessed. It was found that the wetting behavior cannot fully characterize the hydrodynamic slip because interface models that produced the same surface wettability yielded different values of the friction coefficient. Alternatively, the density depletion length, used to characterize the interfacial liquid structuring and the availability of momentum carriers (interfacial water molecules), was able to accurately represent the slip length trends independently of the interface model. These findings reassert the importance of physically sound interface models to study interfacial transport properties and the need of reliable parameters and characterization procedures to support theoretical models that seek to unveil the inconsistencies in hydrodynamic slip calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Paniagua-Guerra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - C Ulises Gonzalez-Valle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Bladimir Ramos-Alvarado
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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7
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Ramos-Alvarado B. Water wettability of graphene and graphite, optimization of solid-liquid interaction force fields, and insights from mean-field modeling. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:114701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5118888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bladimir Ramos-Alvarado
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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8
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Yin H, Wang X, Sheng G, Chen W, Lai Z. Facile Single-Step Fabrication of Robust Superhydrophobic Carbon Nanotube Films on Different Porous Supports. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinbo Wang
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guan Sheng
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhiping Lai
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Li J, Wang F. Water graphene contact surface investigated by pairwise potentials from force-matching PAW-PBE with dispersion correction. J Chem Phys 2018; 146:054702. [PMID: 28178833 DOI: 10.1063/1.4974921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A pairwise additive atomistic potential was developed for modeling liquid water on graphene. The graphene-water interaction terms were fit to map the PAW-PBE-D3 potential energy surface using the adaptive force matching method. Through condensed phase force matching, the potential developed implicitly considers the many-body effects of water. With this potential, the graphene-water contact angle was determined to be 86° in good agreement with a recent experimental measurement of 85° ± 5° on fully suspended graphene. Furthermore, the PAW-PBE-D3 based model was used to study contact line hysteresis. It was found that the advancing and receding contact angles of water do agree on pristine graphene, however a long simulation time was required to reach the equilibrium contact angle. For water on suspended graphene, sharp peaks in the water density profile disappear when the flexibility of graphene was explicitly considered. The water droplet induces graphene to wrap around it leading to a slightly concave contact interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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10
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Wang P, Zhao T, Bian R, Wang G, Liu H. Robust Superhydrophobic Carbon Nanotube Film with Lotus Leaf Mimetic Multiscale Hierarchical Structures. ACS NANO 2017; 11:12385-12391. [PMID: 29140678 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic carbon nanotube (CNT) films have demonstrated many fascinating performances in versatile applications, especially for those involving solid/liquid interfacial processes, because of their ability to affect the material/energy transfer at interfaces. Thus, developing superhydrophobic CNTs has attracted extensive research interests in the past decades, and it could be achieved either by surface coating of low-free energy materials or by constructing micro/nanohierarchical structures via various complicated processes. So far, developing a simple approach to fabricate stable superhydrophobic CNTs remains a challenge because the capillary force induced coalescence frequently happens when interacting with liquid. Herein, drawing inspirations from the lotus leaf, we proposed a simple one-step chemical vapor deposition approach with programmable controlled gas flow to directly fabricate a CNT film with rather stable superhydrophobicity, which can effectively prevent even small water droplets from permeating into the film. The robust superhydrophobicity was attributable to typical lotus-leaf-like micro/nanoscale hierarchical surface structures of the CNT film, where many microscale clusters composed of entangled nanotubes randomly protrude out of the under-layer aligned nanotubes. Consequently, dual-scale air pockets were trapped within each microscale CNT cluster and between, which could largely reduce the liquid/solid interface, leading to a Cassie state. Moreover, the superhydrophobicity of the CNT film showed excellent durability after long time exposure to air and even to corrosive liquids with a wide range of pH values. We envision that the approach developed is advantageous for versatile physicochemical interfacial processes, such as drag reduction, electrochemical catalysis, anti-icing, and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and ‡International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and ‡International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Ruixin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and ‡International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Guangyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and ‡International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and ‡International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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11
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Kozbial A, Trouba C, Liu H, Li L. Characterization of the Intrinsic Water Wettability of Graphite Using Contact Angle Measurements: Effect of Defects on Static and Dynamic Contact Angles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:959-967. [PMID: 28071919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the intrinsic water wettability of the graphitic surface has increasingly attracted research interests, triggered by the recent finding that the well-established hydrophobicity of graphitic surfaces actually results from airborne hydrocarbon contamination. Currently, static water contact angle (WCA) is often used to characterize the intrinsic water wettability of graphitic surfaces. In the current paper, we show that because of the existence of defects, static WCA does not necessarily characterize the intrinsic water wettability. Freshly exfoliated graphite of varying qualities, characterized using atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, was studied using static, advancing, and receding WCA measurements. The results showed that graphite of different qualities (i.e., defect density) always has a similar advancing WCA, but it could have very different static and receding WCAs. This finding indicates that defects play an important role in contact angle measurements, and the static contact angle does not always represent the intrinsic water wettability of pristine graphite. On the basis of the experimental results, a qualitative model is proposed to explain the effect of defects on static, advancing, and receding contact angles. The model suggests that the advancing WCA reflects the intrinsic water wettability of pristine (defect-free) graphite. Our results showed that the advancing WCA for pristine graphite is 68.6°, which indicates that graphitic carbon is intrinsically mildly hydrophilic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kozbial
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Charlie Trouba
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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12
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Accordino SR, Montes de Oca JM, Rodriguez Fris JA, Appignanesi GA. Hydrophilic behavior of graphene and graphene-based materials. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:154704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4933011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián R. Accordino
- Sección Fisicoquímica, INQUISUR-UNS-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Joan Manuel Montes de Oca
- Sección Fisicoquímica, INQUISUR-UNS-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - J. Ariel Rodriguez Fris
- Sección Fisicoquímica, INQUISUR-UNS-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A. Appignanesi
- Sección Fisicoquímica, INQUISUR-UNS-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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13
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Ramos-Alvarado B, Kumar S, Peterson GP. Wettability of graphitic-carbon and silicon surfaces: MD modeling and theoretical analysis. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:044703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4927083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bladimir Ramos-Alvarado
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Satish Kumar
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - G. P. Peterson
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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14
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Sun Y, Cui H, Gong L, Wang J, Wang C. Triple phase boundary induced self-catalyzed growth of Ge–graphite core–shell nanowires: field electron emission and surface wettability. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17126h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ge–graphite core–shell nanowires with good field electron emission capability and surface superhydrophobicity were synthesized by triple phase boundary-induced self-catalyzed growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- School of Physics Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University
- Guangzhou 510275
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- School of Physics Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University
- Guangzhou 510275
- People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gong
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center
- Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University
- Guangzhou 510275
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- School of Physics Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University
- Guangzhou 510275
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- School of Physics Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University
- Guangzhou 510275
- People's Republic of China
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15
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Ashraf A, Wu Y, Wang MC, Aluru NR, Dastgheib SA, Nam S. Spectroscopic investigation of the wettability of multilayer graphene using highly ordered pyrolytic graphite as a model material. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:12827-36. [PMID: 25310520 DOI: 10.1021/la503089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the intrinsic water contact angle (WCA) of multilayer graphene, explore different methods of cleaning multilayer graphene, and evaluate the efficiency of those methods on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was used as a model material system to study the wettability of the multilayer graphene surface by WCA measurements. A WCA value of 45° ± 3° was measured for a clean HOPG surface, which can serve as the intrinsic WCA for multilayer graphene. A 1 min plasma treatment (100 W) decreased the WCA to 6°, owing to the creation of surface defects and functionalization by oxygen-containing groups. Molecular dynamics simulations of water droplets on the HOPG surface with or without the oxygen-containing defect sites confirmed the experimental results. Heat treatment at near atmospheric pressure and wet chemical cleaning methods using hydrofluoric acid and chloroform did not change the WCA significantly. Low-pressure, high-temperature annealing under argon and hydrogen reduced the WCA to 54°, close to the intrinsic WCA of HOPG. Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy did not show any significant change for the HOPG surface after this treatment, confirming low-pressure, high-temperature annealing as an effective technique to clean multilayer graphene without damaging the surface. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry indicated the existence of hydrocarbon species on the surface of the HOPG sample that was exposed to air for <5 min and the absence of these impurities in the bulk. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of the sample surfaces after the different cleaning techniques were performed to correlate the WCA to the surface chemistry. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results revealed that the WCA value changed drastically, depending on the amounts of oxygen-containing and hydrocarbon-containing groups on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ashraf
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois , 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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16
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Li Z, Wang Y, Kozbial A, Shenoy G, Zhou F, McGinley R, Ireland P, Morganstein B, Kunkel A, Surwade SP, Li L, Liu H. Effect of airborne contaminants on the wettability of supported graphene and graphite. NATURE MATERIALS 2013; 12:925-31. [PMID: 23872731 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that supported graphene is hydrophobic and that its water contact angle is similar to that of graphite. Here, we show that the water contact angles of freshly prepared supported graphene and graphite surfaces increase when they are exposed to ambient air. By using infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy we demonstrate that airborne hydrocarbons adsorb on graphitic surfaces, and that a concurrent decrease in the water contact angle occurs when these contaminants are partially removed by both thermal annealing and controlled ultraviolet-O3 treatment. Our findings indicate that graphitic surfaces are more hydrophilic than previously believed, and suggest that previously reported data on the wettability of graphitic surfaces may have been affected by unintentional hydrocarbon contamination from ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Li
- 1] Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA [2]
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17
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Abstract
In this study, we develop graphitic carbon-water nonbonded interaction parameters entirely from ab initio calculation data of interaction energies between graphene and a single water molecule. First, we employ the Møller-Plesset perturbation theory of the second order (MP2) method to compute the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-water interaction energies, with proper size of basis sets and energy component analysis to extrapolate to infinite-sized graphene limit. Then, we develop graphitic carbon-water interaction parameters based on the MP2 data from this work and the ab initio data available in the literature from other methods such as random-phase approximation (RPA), density functional theory-symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (DFT-SAPT), and coupled cluster treatment with single and double excitations and perturbative triples (CCSD(T)). The accuracy of the interaction parameters is evaluated by predicting water contact angle on graphite and carbon nanotube (CNT) radial breathing mode (RBM) frequency shift and comparing them with experimental data. The interaction parameters obtained from MP2 data predict the CNT RBM frequency shift that is in good agreement with experiments. The interaction parameters obtained from RPA and DFT-SAPT data predict the contact angles and the CNT RBM frequency shift that agree well with experiments. The interaction parameters obtained from CCSD(T) data underestimate the contact angles and overestimate the CNT RBM frequency shift probably due to the use of small basis sets in CCSD(T) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Wu
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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18
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Noguchi H, Taneda K, Naohara H, Uosaki K. Humidity dependent structure of water at the interfaces between perfluorosulfonated ionomer thin film and Pt and HOPG studied by sum frequency generation spectroscopy. Electrochem commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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19
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Wettability of carbon nanofiber layers on nickel foils. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 364:530-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mattia D, Rossi MP, Kim BM, Korneva G, Bau HH, Gogotsi Y. Effect of Graphitization on the Wettability and Electrical Conductivity of CVD-Carbon Nanotubes and Films. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:9850-5. [PMID: 16706438 DOI: 10.1021/jp061138s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of carbon nanomaterials in various applications requires precise control of their surface and bulk properties. In this paper, we present a strategy for modifying the surface chemistry, wettability, and electrical conductivity of carbon tubes and films through annealing in a vacuum. Experiments were conducted with 60-300 nm nanotubes (nanopipes), produced by noncatalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in a porous alumina template, and with thin films deposited by the same technique on a glassy carbon substrate having the same structure and chemistry of the CNTs. The surface of the as-produced CVD-carbon, treated with sodium hydroxide to remove the alumina template, is hydrophilic, and the bulk electrical conductivity is lower by a factor of 20 than that of fully graphitic multiwalled nanotubes (MWNT) or bulk graphite. The bulk electrical conductivity increases to the conductivity of graphite after annealing at 2000 degrees C in a high vacuum. The analysis of CNTs by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy shows the ordering of carbon accompanied by an exponential increase of the in-plane crystallite size, L(a), with increasing annealing temperature. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) was used to study the interaction of CNT with water, and contact angle measurements performed using the sessile drop method on CVD-carbon films demonstrate that the contact angle increases nearly linearly with increasing annealing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mattia
- Materials Science and Engineering Department and AJ Drexel Nanotechnology Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Neuman RD, Fereshtehkhou S. Electron microscopic structure of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine monolayers. J Colloid Interface Sci 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(88)90051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Watanabe N, Nakajima T, Ohsawa N. Surface Free Energies of Two Kinds of Graphite Fluorides, (CF)nand (C2F)n. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1982. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.55.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Visser J. On Hamaker constants: A comparison between Hamaker constants and Lifshitz-van der Waals constants. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-8686(72)85001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 727] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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