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Dong YZ, Kim HM, Choi HJ. Conducting polymer-based electro-responsive smart suspensions. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01550-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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2
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D’Silva C. A synthetic route to 1-(4-boronobenzyl)- 1H-pyrrole. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820960692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1-(4-boronobenzyl)- 1H-pyrrole was investigated using three different routes. Two key routes that involved the introduction of the boronate group protected as the pinacol ester, failed, due to deprotection problems. The route involving the introduction of the boronate group as the final step of the reaction yielded 1-(4-boronobenzyl)- 1H-pyrrole (10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius D’Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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3
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Kim JN, Dong YZ, Choi HJ. Pickering Emulsion Polymerized Polyaniline/Zinc-ferrite Composite Particles and Their Dual Electrorheological and Magnetorheological Responses. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7675-7682. [PMID: 32280911 PMCID: PMC7144134 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A functional raspberry-like core-shell composite particle consisting of a conducting polyaniline (PANI) core and magnetic zinc ferrite shell is synthesized by Pickering emulsion polymerization. The morphology and chemical structure of the PANI/zinc-ferrite composite are evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. An electrorheological/magnetorheological fluid consisting of the PANI/zinc-ferrite composite dispersed in silicone oil with a particle concentration of 5 vol % is fabricated. Its rheological characteristics under external electric and magnetic fields are investigated by using a rotational rheometer. Under the electric or magnetic field, the PANI/zinc-ferrite particles form chain-like structures, demonstrating a solid-like state.
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4
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Highly uniform silica nanoparticles with finely controlled sizes for enhancement of electro-responsive smart fluids. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Zheng C, Liu Y, Dong Y, He F, Zhao X, Yin J. Low-Temperature Interfacial Polymerization and Enhanced Electro-Responsive Characteristic of Poly(ionic liquid)s@polyaniline Core-shell Microspheres. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800351. [PMID: 30085361 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of monodisperse poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) microspheres coated with semiconducting polyaniline (PANI) shell is reported, which shows enhanced electro-responsive electrorheological (ER) effect but decreased power consumption compared to neat PIL microspheres. The monodisperse PIL microspheres are first prepared via dispersion polymerization and then PANI is coated via low-temperature interfacial polymerization of aniline on the surface of hydrophobic PIL microspheres without additional modification. The stimulus-responsive ER effect of the core-shell microspheres when dispersing in insulating oil are investigated under electric fields. The power-law of yield stress versus electric field strength and the dielectric relaxation spectroscopy are analyzed to understand the ER effect and the origin of property enhancement. It demonstrates that the semiconducting PANI shell can well limit the irreversible ion leakage of PIL microspheres and improve the particle polarizability, resulting in decreased power consumption but enhanced electro-responsive ER effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Yuezhen Dong
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Fang He
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Yin
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
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Dong YZ, Han WJ, Choi HJ. Polyaniline Coated Core-Shell Typed Stimuli-Responsive Microspheres and Their Electrorheology. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E299. [PMID: 30966334 PMCID: PMC6414992 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional core-shell-structured particles have attracted considerable attention recently. This paper reviews the synthetic methods and morphologies of various electro-stimuli responsive polyaniline (PANI)-coated core-shell-type microspheres, including PANI-coated Fe₃O₄, SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(glycidyl methacrylate), and polystyrene along with their electrorheological (ER) characteristics when prepared by dispersing these particles in an insulating medium. In addition to the various rheological characteristics and their analysis, such as shear stress and yield stress of their ER fluids, this paper summarizes some of the mechanisms proposed for ER fluids to further understand the responses of ER fluids to an externally applied electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhen Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Wen Jiao Han
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
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Kumar S, Thareja P. Influence of electric field and shear on the rheology of fumed alumina in silicone oil suspensions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Electrorheological performances of poly(o-toluidine) and p-toluenesulfonic acid doped poly(o-toluidine) suspensions. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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A kinetics-controlled coating method to construct 1D attapulgite @ amorphous titanium oxide nanocomposite with high electrorheological activity. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Walker DA, D'Silva C. Electrochemical and Physical properties of N-substituted arylmethylene pyrrole polymers and N-alkylmethine pyrrole copolymers. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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12
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Fabrication and electrorheology of graphene oxide/ionic N-substituted copolyaniline composite. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Yin J, Xia X, Zhao X. Conductivity, polarization and electrorheological activity of polyaniline nanotubes during thermo-oxidative treatment. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Toufik H, Bouzzine SM, Ninis O, Lamchouri F, Aberkane M, Hamidi M, Bouachrine M. Opto-electronic properties and molecular design of new materials based on pyrrole studied by DFT. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-011-0469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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15
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Hwang JK, Shin K, Lim HS, Cho JC, Kim JW, Suh KD. The effects of particle conductivity on the electrorheological properties of functionalized MCNT-coated doublet-shaped anisotropic microspheres. Macromol Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-012-0035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Yin J, Zhao X. Electrorheology of nanofiber suspensions. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:256. [PMID: 21711790 PMCID: PMC3211318 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Electrorheological (ER) fluid, which can be transformed rapidly from a fluid-like state to a solid-like state under an external electric field, is considered to be one of the most important smart fluids. However, conventional ER fluids based on microparticles are subjected to challenges in practical applications due to the lack of versatile performances. Recent researches of using nanoparticles as the dispersal phase have led to new interest in the development of non-conventional ER fluids with improved performances. In this review, we especially focus on the recent researches on electrorheology of various nanofiber-based suspensions, including inorganic, organic, and inorganic/organic composite nanofibers. Our goal is to highlight the advantages of using anisotropic nanostructured materials as dispersal phases to improve ER performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Yin
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
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Hiamtup P, Sirivat A, Jamieson AM. Hysteresis and strain hardening in the creep response of a polyaniline ER fluid. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 325:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Yavuz M, (Uygun) Gok A, Sen S, Unal HI. Electrorheological Properties of Polyaniline/Red Mud Composite. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10236660701636579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Krztoń-Maziopa A, Sobczak J, Płocharski J. Electrorheological activity of suspensions of surface-modified pyrolyzed polyacrylonitrile. POLYM ENG SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Gercek B, Yavuz M, Yilmaz H, Sari B, Unal HI. Comparison of electrorheological properties of some polyaniline derivatives. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Arslan Y, Ibrahim Unal H, Yilmaz H, Sari B. Electrorheological properties of kaolinite, polyindole, and polyindole/kaolinite composite suspensions. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Xie HQ, Guan JG, Guo JS. SOME FACTORS AFFECTING ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ANHYDROUS SUSPENSIONS CONTAINING POLYANILINE PARTICLES. J MACROMOL SCI B 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/mb-100001811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Quan Xie
- a Department of Chemistry , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Guan
- a Department of Chemistry , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Shi Guo
- a Department of Chemistry , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
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25
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Hiamtup P, Sirivat A, Jamieson AM. Electrorheological properties of polyaniline suspensions: Field-induced liquid to solid transition and residual gel structure. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 295:270-8. [PMID: 16168424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Revised: 07/27/2005] [Accepted: 07/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized via oxidative coupling polymerization in acid conditions and de-doped in solution of ammonia. The electrorheological (ER) properties of the PANI/silicone oil suspensions were investigated in oscillatory shear as functions of electric field strength, particle concentration, and host fluid viscosity. Consistent with literature, the PANI ER fluid exhibits viscoelastic behavior under the applied electric field and the ER response is strongly enhanced with increasing electric field strength and particle concentration. The dynamic moduli, G' and G'' increase dramatically, by 5 orders of magnitude, as the electric field strength is increased to 2 kV/mm. A viscoelastic liquid to solid transition occurs at a critical electric field strength, in the range Ec = 50-200 V/mm, whose value depends on particle concentration and host fluid viscosity. The fibrillar structure formed in the presence of the applied field has a static yield strength tau(y), whose value scales with electric field strength as tau(y) approximately E(1.88). When the field is switched off a residual structure remains, whose yield stress increases with the strength of the applied field and particle concentration. When the applied stress exceeds the yield stress of the residual structure, fast, fully reversible switching of the ER response is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyanoot Hiamtup
- Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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26
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Yilmaz H, Unal HI, Sari B. Synthesis, characterization and electrorheological properties of poly(o-toluidine)/Zn conducting composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Preparation and electrorheological properties of polyquin(2,3-b)acridine-12,14(5,7)dione-based suspensions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Woo DJ, Suh MH, Shin ES, Lee CW, Lee SH. Electrorheological behavior of suspensions of a substituted polyaniline with long alkyl pendants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 288:71-4. [PMID: 15927563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2004] [Revised: 02/16/2005] [Accepted: 02/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The electrorheological (ER) properties of poly(2-dodecyloxyaniline) (PDOA) suspensions in silicone oil were investigated. The ER behavior of such suspensions of polyaniline particles depends on the type of stabilizer and doping or dedoping level. Here we report on the ER behavior of particles of a substituted polyaniline with long alkyl pendants. Rheological measurements were carried out using a rotational rheometer with high-voltage generator in both constant shear stress and rate modes. Suspensions of the as-synthesized polyaniline particles in silicone oil showed a substantial ER response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jin Woo
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
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An investigation of electrorheological properties of calcium carbonate suspensions in silicone oil. COLLOID JOURNAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10595-005-0086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Cho MS, Kim JW, Choi HJ, Jhon MS. Polyaniline and its modification for electroresponsive material under applied electric fields. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Choi HJ, Lee JH, Cho MS, Jhon MS. Electrorheological characterization of semiconducting polyaniline suspension. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Yavuz M, Ibrahim Ünal H. Synthesis, characterization, and partial hydrolysis of polyisoprene-co-poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) and electrorheological properties of its suspensions. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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LENGALOVA A. The effect of dispersed particle size and shape on the electrorheological behaviour of suspensions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(03)00348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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35
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Lengálová A, Pavlı́nek V, Sáha P, Quadrat O, Kitano T, Stejskal J. Influence of particle concentration on the electrorheological efficiency of polyaniline suspensions. Eur Polym J 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(02)00281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Electrorheological behavior of side-chain polysiloxane containing 3-(4-amidophenyl) sydnone moieties. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Ünal HI, Yilmaz H. Electrorheological properties of poly(lithium-2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid) suspensions. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rubio LL, Castillo-Ortega MM, Rejon L, Olayo R, Cruz GJ. Synthesis and characterization of difluor-aniline polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Jun JB, Lee CH, Kim JW, Suh KD. Electrorheological properties of suspensions of monodispersed micron-sized polyaniline composite particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Abstract
The objective of this article is to give a review of electrorheological (ER) suspensions whose rheological properties can abruptly change under an external electric field. Attention is given to the physical backgrounds behind ER phenomena reported recently. The criteria on how to design a high performance ER fluid and mechanisms explaining how an ER suspension displays the ER effect are focused upon. We begin with a brief historic introduction, ER materials, followed by positive ER effect, negative ER effect and photo-ER effect discussions. The physical parameters that can substantially affect the ER effect are discussed thereafter, and physical processes occurring in ER suspensions under an electric field are reviewed. The mechanisms of the ER effect proposed before are summarized. A future outlook on the ER material development and ER fluid applications is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hao
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Ceramic and Materials Engineering, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8065, USA.
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42
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Lu J, Zhao X. Electrorheological properties of a polyaniline–montmorillonite clay nanocomposite suspension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b203921d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Krause S, Bohon K. Electromechanical Response of Electrorheological Fluids and Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Networks. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0108158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Katherine Bohon
- Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
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Chin BD, Park OO. Dispersion Stability and Electrorheological Properties of Polyaniline Particle Suspensions Stabilized by Poly(vinyl methyl ether). J Colloid Interface Sci 2001; 234:344-350. [PMID: 11161520 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2000.7335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present article, a novel method of stabilization of a semi conductive polyaniline particle nonaqueous suspension of electrorheological (ER) materials was introduced. Using as the steric stabilizer poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME), a dispersion polymerization of aniline was performed and stable aqueous dispersions of the polyaniline were obtained. However, a stable colloidal suspension of polyaniline in silicone oil medium can be obtained only with a low concentration of PVME (0.75%), although the average size of the individual, redispersed particles in oil generally decreased with increasing concentration of PVME. At higher concentrations of PVME, formation of highly packed particle aggregates was investigated, as seen in the scanning electron microscopy images. The polyaniline suspension stabilized by 0.75% PVME content exhibited the best dispersing state and, therefore, showed the highest zero-field viscosity. Such a well-stabilized polyaniline suspension also showed the maximum ER property, namely the largest normalized yield stress in an electric field. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Doo Chin
- Center for Advanced Functional Polymer (CAFPoly), Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Kusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Taejon, 305-701, Korea
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Trlica J, Sáha P, Quadrat O, Stejskal J. Electrical and electrorheological behavior of poly(aniline-co-1,4-phenylenediamine) suspensions. Eur Polym J 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(00)00037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Ahn BG, Choi US, Kwon OK. Electrorheological Properties of Phosphoric Ester Cellulose Electrorheological Suspensions at Elevated Temperatures. Polym J 2000. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.32.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Kim SG, Kim JW, Cho MS, Choi HJ, Jhon MS. Viscoelastic characterization of semiconducting dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid doped polyaniline electrorheological suspensions. J Appl Polym Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20010103)79:1<108::aid-app130>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Saimoto Y, Satoh T, Konno M. Correlation between Generated Shear Stress and Generated Permittivity for the Electrorheological Response of Colloidal Silica Suspensions. J Colloid Interface Sci 1999; 219:135-143. [PMID: 10527579 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.1999.6454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrorheological response was experimentally studied by the use of silicone oil suspensions containing submicrometer-sized and supermicrometer-sized silica particles with different amounts of adsorbed water. The simultaneous measurements of dielectric permittivity and shear stress of the suspensions were carried out after the application of alternating current voltage under steady shear in ranges of shear rate (150-1400 s(-1)), electric field strength (0-4 kV/mm), its frequency (30-1000 Hz), and particle volume fraction (0.1-0.3). For the particles with small amounts of adsorbed water, steady shear stress was attained within several minutes after the application of electric field. The steady-state data for both the particles at each electric field strength showed that the shear stress generated by the application of electric field, Deltatau, varied correlatively with the generated permittivity, Deltaepsilon(r) (= epsilon(r) - epsilon(r,oil)), where epsilon(r) and epsilon(r,oil) are the permittivities of the suspension and the silicon oil, respectively. Under a wide variety of experimental conditions, the steady-state data for both the particle sizes could be correlated with a simple relationship, Deltatau ~ (Deltaepsilon(r)E)(2), where E is electric field strength. For the particles with large amounts of adsorbed water, steady state was not attained, and the evolutions of shear stress and permittivity of the suspensions were measured after the application of electric field. Remarkably, the transient values of Deltatau varied with (Deltaepsilon(r)E)(2) and fell along the same correlation line as the steady-state data. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Saimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
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Dürrschmidt T, Hoffmann H. Electrorheological effects in suspensions of hydrophobically modified saponite. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(99)00078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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