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Keresten V, Lazarev F, Mikhelson K. Transfer of Sodium Ion across Interface between Na +-Selective Electrode Membrane and Aqueous Electrolyte Solution: Can We Use Nernst Equation If Current Flows through Electrode? MEMBRANES 2024; 14:74. [PMID: 38668102 PMCID: PMC11052482 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance and chronopotentiometric measurements with Na+-selective solvent polymeric (PVC) membranes containing a neutral ionophore and a cation exchanger revealed low-frequency resistance, which is ascribed to Na+ ion transfer across the interface between the membrane and aqueous solution. The attribution is based on the observed regular dependence of this resistance on the concentration of Na+ in solutions. The respective values of the exchange current densities were found to be significantly larger than the currents flowing through ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) during an analysis in non-zero-current mode. This fact suggests that the interfacial electrochemical equilibrium is not violated by the current flow and implies that the Nernst equation can be applied to interpret the data obtained in non-zero-current mode, e.g., constant potential coulometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Konstantin Mikhelson
- Chemistry Institute, St. Petersburg State University, 26 Universiteskij Pr., Stary Peterhof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (F.L.)
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Bondar AV, Keresten VM, Mikhelson KN. Ionophore-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes in Non-Zero Current Modes: Mechanistic Studies and the Possibilities of the Analytical Application. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This mini review briefly describes (i) literature data on the non-zero current measurements with ionophore-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) aimed at fundamental studies of the mechanism of their potentiometric response, and (ii) the data on the possibilities of analytical applications of ISEs in voltametric and constant potential chronoamperometric/coulometric modes, in particular the K+ ion assay in blood serum with the sensitivity of 0.1%. A special attention is paid to the basics of voltammetry and chronoamperometry/coulometry with the ionophore-based ISEs, and to how and why these methods differ from the classical voltammetry and coulometry.
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Flavin MT, Freeman DK, Han J. Interfacial ion transfer and current limiting in neutral-carrier ion-selective membranes: A detailed numerical model. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bhakthavatsalam V, Bakker E. Operational Limits of Controlled Current Coulometry with Ion-Selective Polymeric Membranes. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200703979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pänke O, Balkenhohl T, Kafka J, Schäfer D, Lisdat F. Impedance spectroscopy and biosensing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 109:195-237. [PMID: 17992488 DOI: 10.1007/10_2007_081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This chapter introduces the basic terms of impedance and the technique of impedance measurements. Furthermore, an overview of the application of this transduction method for analytical purposes will be given. Examples for combination with enzymes, antibodies, DNA but also for the analysis of living cells will be described. Special attention is devoted to the different electrode design and amplification schemes developed for sensitivity enhancement. Finally, the last two sections will show examples from the label-free determination of DNA and the sensorial detection of autoantibodies involved in celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Pänke
- Biosystems Technology, Wildau University of Applied Sciences, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
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Pejcic B, De Marco R. Impedance spectroscopy: Over 35 years of electrochemical sensor optimization. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
This paper describes a pulsed galvanostatic technique to interrogate ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with no intrinsic ion-exchange properties. Each applied current pulse is followed by a longer baseline potential pulse to regenerate the phase boundary region of the ion-selective membrane. The applied current fully controls the magnitude and sign of the ion flux into the membrane, thus offering instrumental control over an effect that has become very important in ion-selective electrode research in recent years. The resulting chronopotentiometric response curves essentially mimic traditional ISE behavior, with apparently Nernstian response slopes and selectivities that can be described with the Nicolsky equation. Additionally, the magnitude and sign of the current pulse may be used to tune sensor selectivity. Perhaps most important, however, appears to be the finding that the extent of concentration polarization near the membrane surface can be accurately controlled by this technique. A growing number of potentiometric techniques are starting to make use of nonequilibrium principles, and the method introduced here may prove to be very useful to advance these areas of research. The basic characteristics of this pulsed galvanostatic technique are here evaluated with plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes containing the sodium-selective ionophore tert-butyl calix[4]arene tetramethyl ester and a lipophilic inert salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Shvarev
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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Effects of controlled current on the response behavior of polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(02)00756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mikhelson KN, Bobacka J, Lewenstam A, Ivaska A. Potentiometric Performance and Interfacial Kinetics of Neutral Ionophore Based ISE Membranes in Interfering Ion Solutions Before and After Contact with Primary Ions. ELECTROANAL 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200106)13:10<876::aid-elan876>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Bobacka
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Group, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Ari Ivaska
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Group, Turku, Finland
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Smirnova AL, Levitchev SS, Khitrova VL, Grekovich AL, Vlasov YG, Schwake A, Cammann K. Effect of Simultaneous Existence of Two Ion-Exchangers with Opposite Charges of Lipophilic Groups. ELECTROANAL 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199907)11:10/11<763::aid-elan763>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Potentiometric properties and impedance spectroscopic data of poly(vinyl chloride) membranes containing quaternary ammonium salts of different chemical structure. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Schwake A, Geuking H, Cammann K. Application of a New Graphical Fitting Approach for Data Analysis in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. ELECTROANAL 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199810)10:15<1026::aid-elan1026>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ye Q, Vincze A, Horvai G, Leermakers F. Partial blocking of ion transport at the interface of an ion-selective liquid membrane electrode by neutral surfactants. Electrochim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(98)00160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bakker E, Bühlmann P, Pretsch E. Carrier-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes and Bulk Optodes. 1. General Characteristics. Chem Rev 1997; 97:3083-3132. [PMID: 11851486 DOI: 10.1021/cr940394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1528] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bakker
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan, and Department of Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Shul'ga A, Ahlers B, Cammann K. Ion-selective conductometric microsensors based on the phenomenon of specific salt extraction. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(95)04205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Derivative dynamic response of ion-selective electrodes. Application to the precipitate-based iodide-selective electrode in the presence of interfering ions. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00297-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Aranda P, Galv�n JC, Casal B, Ruiz-Hitzky E. Electrochemical characterization of composite membranes based on crown-ethers intercalated into montmorillonite. Colloid Polym Sci 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00659285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nahir T, Buck R. Steady-state-current impedance spectroscopy of plasticized PVC membranes containing neutral ion carriers. Electrochim Acta 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(93)85087-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Horváth V, Horvai G. Selectivity of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)-based ion-selective electrodes. Anal Chim Acta 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(93)80209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Galván JC, Aranda P, Amarilla JM, Casal B, Ruiz-Hitzky E. Organosilicic membranes doped with crown-ethers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1039/jm9930300687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Masuda Y, Liu J, Sekido E. Ion selectivity and ion-exchange kinetics of a perchlorate ion-selective electrode based on ac impedance analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(91)85173-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Horvai G. Relationship between charge transfer resistance and exchange current density of ion transfer at the interface of two immiscible electrolyte solutions. ELECTROANAL 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140030713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Xie SL, Cammann K. Apparent ion-exchange current densities at LaF3 single crystal membrane and Aliquat 336S PVC-membrane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(91)85065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cammann K, Lemke U, Rohen A, Sander J, Wilken H, Winter B. Chemo- und Biosensoren - Grundlagen und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19911030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gehrig P, Morf WE, Welti M, Pretsch E, Simon W. Catalysis of Ion Transfer by Tetraphenylborates in Neutral Carrier-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes. Helv Chim Acta 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19900730124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lindner E, Niegreisz Z, Toth K, Pungor E, Berube T, Buck R. Electrical and dynamic properties of non-plasticized potassium selective membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(89)80039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Okada T, Hiratani K, Sugihara H. Kinetic considerations of ion selectivity coefficients of ion-selective electrodes based on neutral carriers. Anal Chim Acta 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)81945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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36
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37
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The determination and characterisation of apparent ion-exchange currents at PVC/water interfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(88)80063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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