1
|
Saenz F, Tamski M, Milani J, Roussel C, Frauenrath H, Ansermet JP. Blatter-type radicals as polarizing agents for electrochemical overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:689-692. [PMID: 34919627 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05350g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (O-DNP) refers to a microwave-assisted process where an unpaired electron's (e.g. a radical) spin polarization is transferred to surrounding nuclei in solution, thus increasing the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal intensity of a given substance by several orders of magnitude. The presence of the unpaired electrons, which induces relaxation of the resulting hyperpolarized state when the radiation is halted, can be avoided by electrochemically removing the radicals on demand. We report the use of Blatter-type (benzo[e][1,2,4]triazinyl) radicals as polarizing agents, potentially opening the way to highly tunable radicals for electrochemical DNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Saenz
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Mika Tamski
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Jonas Milani
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Christophe Roussel
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland. .,Section of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Holger Frauenrath
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Ansermet
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nguyen TL, Lee EJ, Jeong H, Kim BK. Electrochemical Study of Ferrocene and Anthracene using Ultramicroelectrode in Chloroform over the Temperature Range of 25-50°C. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Truc Ly Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry; Sookmyung Women's University; Seoul 04310 South Korea
| | - Eui Joo Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Sookmyung Women's University; Seoul 04310 South Korea
| | - Hyuk Jeong
- Department of Chemistry; Sookmyung Women's University; Seoul 04310 South Korea
| | - Byung-Kwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Sookmyung Women's University; Seoul 04310 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Novel paste electrodes based on phosphonium salt room temperature ionic liquids for studying the redox properties of insoluble compounds. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-2901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
4
|
The measurement of the diffusion coefficients of ferrocene and ferrocenium and their temperature dependence in acetonitrile using double potential step microdisk electrode chronoamperometry. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
5
|
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry of ferrocene in acetonitrile/acetone system. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-009-0011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
6
|
Zevenbergen MAG, Singh PS, Goluch ED, Wolfrum BL, Lemay SG. Electrochemical Correlation Spectroscopy in Nanofluidic Cavities. Anal Chem 2009; 81:8203-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9014885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A. G. Zevenbergen
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pradyumna S. Singh
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Edgar D. Goluch
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard L. Wolfrum
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Serge G. Lemay
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stiles RL, Balasubramanian R, Feldberg SW, Murray RW. Anion-Induced Adsorption of Ferrocenated Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:1856-65. [DOI: 10.1021/ja074161f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Stiles
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Ramjee Balasubramanian
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Stephen W. Feldberg
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Royce W. Murray
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Moharram Y. Extraction of electrode kinetics and transport parameters of ferrocene at a platinum electrode from semiintegral electroanalysis. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
9
|
Reactivity of ferrocenium cations with molecular oxygen in polar organic solvents: Decomposition, redox reactions and stabilization. J Organomet Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Leventis N, Zhang G, Rawashdeh AMM, Sotiriou-Leventis C. Electrochemical reduction of 4-benzoyl-N-(4-substituted benzyl)pyridinium cations: substitution effects and linear free energy relationships. Electrochim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(03)00414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
11
|
Barker AL, Unwin PR. Measurement of Solute Partitioning across Liquid/Liquid Interfaces Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy−Double Potential Step Chronoamperometry (SECM−DPSC): Principles, Theory, and Application to Ferrocenium Ion Transfer Across the 1,2-Dichloroethane/Aqueous Interface. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010591v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Barker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Use of the ferrocene oxidation process to provide both reference electrode potential calibration and a simple measurement (via semiintegration) of the uncompensated resistance in cyclic voltammetric studies in high-resistance organic solvents. Anal Chem 2000; 72:3492-6. [PMID: 10952533 DOI: 10.1021/ac000020j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Because of its presumed ideal reversible behavior, the oxidation of ferrocene is widely used in cyclic voltammetric studies in highly resistive organic solvents as a means of reference electrode potential calibration. In this study, it is shown that a good estimate of the uncompensated resistance value, needed for reference potential correction and also frequently an input parameter in simulation of the theory, can be obtained simultaneously with the ferrocene reference potential measurement using a simple analysis based on the semiintegral. Application to cyclic voltammetric oxidation of ferrocene in dichloromethane (0.1 M NBu4PF6), under conditions where uncompensated resistances of approximately 2.5 komega are encountered, is used to illustrate the fidelity of the semiintegral method of analysis. Inclusion of this estimated resistance value as the input parameter in a commercially available digital simulation package confirms that the oxidation of ferrocene in dichloromethane represents a close-to-ideal diffusion-controlled reversible process. However, use of the semiintegral method of data analysis also enables detection of subtle forms of nonideality encountered with the ferrocene oxidation process in other media where kinetically controlled adsorption of the ferricenium cation may occur.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zotti G, Schiavon G, Zecchin S, Favretto D. Dioxygen-decomposition of ferrocenium molecules in acetonitrile: The nature of the electrode-fouling films during ferrocene electrochemistry. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(98)00279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Martin RD, Unwin PR. Theory and Experiment for the Substrate Generation/Tip Collection Mode of the Scanning Electrochemical Microscope: Application as an Approach for Measuring the Diffusion Coefficient Ratio of a Redox Couple. Anal Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ac970681p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Scanning electrochemical microscopy: theory and experiment for the positive feedback mode with unequal diffusion coefficients of the redox mediator couple. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(97)00377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
16
|
Nakatani K, Uchida T, Misawa H, Kitamura N, Masuhara H. Laser trapping and electrochemistry of a single oil droplet in water: Electron transfer across the oil-droplet | electrode interface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(93)03036-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
17
|
|
18
|
The determination of electron transfer parameters for monosubstituted ferrocenes suitable as mediators in amperometric biosensors. ELECTROANAL 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140030907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
19
|
|
20
|
|
21
|
Owlia A, Rusling JF. Nonlinear regression analysis of steady-state voltammograms obtained at microelectrodes. ELECTROANAL 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
22
|
Modification of adsorption components of the processes for reduction of selenium(IV) and oxidation of ferrocene at gold electrodes in frozen aqueous pe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(89)80047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
23
|
|