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Choi KR, Honig ML, Bühlmann P. Covalently attached ionophores extend the working range of potentiometric pH sensors with poly(decyl methacrylate) sensing membranes. Analyst 2024; 149:1132-1140. [PMID: 38205703 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02047a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The pH working range of solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with plasticizer-free poly(decyl methacrylate) sensing membranes is shown to be expanded by covalent attachment of H+ ionophores to the polymeric membrane matrix. In situ photopolymerization not only incorporates the ionophores into the polymer backbone, but at the same time also attaches the sensing membranes covalently to the underlying inert polymer and nanographite solid contact, minimizing sensor drift and preventing failure by membrane delamination. A new pyridine-based H+ ionophore, 3-(pyridine-3-yl)propyl methacrylate, has lower basicity than trialkylamine ionophores and expands the upper detection limit. This reduces in particular the interference from hydrogen phthalate, which is a common component of commercial pH buffers. Moreover, the lower detection limit is improved by replacing the CH2CH2 spacer of previously reported dialkylaminoethyl methacrylates with a (CH2)10 spacer, which increases its basicity. Notably, for the more basic and highly cation-selective ionophore 10-(diisopropylamino)decyl methacrylate, the extent of counterion interference from hydrogen phthalate shifted the upper detection limit to lower pH by nearly one pH unit when the crosslinker concentration was decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangrok R Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Madeline L Honig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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2
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Spindler BD, Graf KI, Dong XIN, Kim M, Chen XV, Bühlmann P, Stein A. Influence of the Composition of Plasticizer-Free Silicone-Based Ion-Selective Membranes on Signal Stability in Aqueous and Blood Plasma Samples. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12419-12426. [PMID: 37552138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) in direct long-term contact with physiological samples must be biocompatible and resistant to biofouling, but most wearable SC-ISEs proposed to date contain plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membranes, which have poor biocompatibility. Silicones are a promising alternative to plasticized PVC because of their excellent biocompatibility, but little work has been done to study the relationship between silicone composition and ISE performance. To address this, we prepared and tested K+ SC-ISEs with colloid-imprinted mesoporous (CIM) carbon as the solid contact and three different condensation-cured silicones: a custom silicone prepared in-house (Silicone 1), a commercial silicone (Dow 3140, Silicone 2), and a commercial fluorosilicone (Dow 730, Fluorosilicone 1). SC-ISEs prepared with each of these polymers and the ionophore valinomycin and added ionic sites exhibited Nernstian responses, excellent selectivities, and signal drifts as low as 3 μV/h in 1 mM KCl solution. All ISEs maintained Nernstian response slopes and had only very slightly worsened selectivities after 41 h exposure to porcine plasma (log KK,Na values of -4.56, -4.58, and -4.49, to -4.04, -4.00, and -3.90 for Silicone 1, Silicone 2, and Fluorosilicone 1, respectively), confirming that these sensors retain the high selectivity that makes them suitable for use in physiological samples. When immersed in porcine plasma, the SC-ISEs exhibited emf drifts that were still fairly low but notably larger than when measurements were performed in pure water. Interestingly, despite the very similar structures of these matrix polymers, SC-ISEs prepared with Silicone 2 showed lower drift in porcine blood plasma (-55 μV/h, over 41 h) compared to Silicone 1 (-495 μV/h) or Fluorosilicone 1 (-297 μV/h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Spindler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Katerina I Graf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Xin I N Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Minog Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Xin V Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Andreas Stein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
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3
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Choi KR, Chen XV, Hu J, Bühlmann P. Solid-Contact pH Sensor with Covalent Attachment of Ionophores and Ionic Sites to a Poly(decyl methacrylate) Matrix. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16899-16905. [PMID: 34878238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With a view to improving the sensor lifetime, solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) were prepared with a plasticizer-free and cross-linked poly(decyl methacrylate) matrix, to which only the ionic sites, only the ionophore, or both the ionic sites and ionophore were covalently attached. In earlier work with covalently attached ionophores or ionic sites, it was difficult to discount the presence of ionophores or ionic site impurities that were not covalently attached to the polymer backbone because the reagents used to introduce the ionophore or ionic sites had high hydrophobicities. In this work, we deliberately chose readily available hydrophilic reagents for the introduction of covalently attached H+ ionophores with tertiary amino groups and covalently attached sulfonate groups as ionic sites. This simplified the synthesis and made it possible to thoroughly remove ionophores and ionic sites not covalently attached to the polymer backbone. Our results confirm the expectation that hydrophobic ISE membranes with both covalently attached ionophores and ionic sites have impractically long response times. In contrast, ISEs with either covalently attached H+ ionophores or covalently attached ionic sites responded to pH with quick Nernstian responses and high selectivity. Both conventional plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-based ISEs and the new poly(decyl methacrylate) membranes were exposed to 90 °C heat for 2 h, 10% ethanol for 1 day, or undiluted blood serum for 5 days. In all three cases, the poly(decyl methacrylate) ISEs exhibited properties superior to conventional PVC-based ISEs, confirming the advantages of the covalent attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangrok R Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Xin V Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Emerson Automation Solutions, 6021 Innovation Blvd, Shakopee Minnesota 55379, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455, United States
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Li H, Walsh KB, Bayram F, Koley G. Direct measurement of K + ion efflux from neuronal cells using a graphene-based ion sensitive field effect transistor. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37728-37734. [PMID: 35515158 PMCID: PMC9057186 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05222a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A graphene-based ion sensitive field effect transistor (GISFET) has been developed and investigated in terms of its ion sensing performance. The GISFET sensor was found to demonstrate a high detection sensitivity enabling direct measurement of K+ ion efflux from live cells. The sensing performance of the GISFET was directly compared to that of a commercial Si ISFET and very similar detection results were obtained, highlighting the promise of the GISFET sensor for ion-sensing applications. Additionally, fabrication of a GISFET array containing 25 devices using a CMOS compatible photolithographic process was demonstrated, which resulted in good uniformity across the array and high ion sensing properties of the devices, underlining their application potential for simultaneous multi-well testing with small sample volume. A graphene-based ISFET has been developed and demonstrated high sensitivity and direct measurement of K+ ion efflux from live cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University Clemson USA
| | - Kenneth B Walsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina Columbia USA
| | - Ferhat Bayram
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University Clemson USA
| | - Goutam Koley
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University Clemson USA
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Liu Q, Xiao K, Wen L, Lu H, Liu Y, Kong XY, Xie G, Zhang Z, Bo Z, Jiang L. Engineered Ionic Gates for Ion Conduction Based on Sodium and Potassium Activated Nanochannels. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11976-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry,
Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Liping Wen
- Laboratory
of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics
and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Heng Lu
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry,
Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry,
Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yu Kong
- Laboratory
of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics
and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Ganhua Xie
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry,
Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Laboratory
of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics
and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
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Cao A, Mescher M, Bosma D, Klootwijk JH, Sudhölter EJR, Smet LCD. Ionophore-Containing Siloprene Membranes: Direct Comparison between Conventional Ion-Selective Electrodes and Silicon Nanowire-Based Field-Effect Transistors. Anal Chem 2014; 87:1173-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504500s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anping Cao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan
136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Mescher
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan
136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
- Philips Research Laboratories, High Tech Campus 4, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Materials innovation institute M2i, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Duco Bosma
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan
136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Johan H. Klootwijk
- Philips Research Laboratories, High Tech Campus 4, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. R. Sudhölter
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan
136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C.P.M. de Smet
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan
136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
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Kim B, Shim J, Chung KC. Study on Hydrogen Ion-Selective Solid Contact Electrodes Based on Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2010.546023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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9
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Electrochemical Studies on cis-[CrIII(bipy)2(SCN)2]I3 (Where bipy Denotes 2,2′-Bipyridine) in Acetonitrile. J SOLUTION CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-009-9466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Kinetic characterization of p-tert-butylcalix[4,8,12]arene functionalized gold electrode by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Gabrielli C, Hemery P, Letellier P, Masure M, Perrot H, Rahmi MI, Turmine M. Investigation of ion-selective electrodes with neutral ionophores and ionic sites by EIS. II. Application to K+ detection. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Characterization of All Solid State Hydrogen Ion Selective Electrode Based on PVC-SR Hybrid Membranes. SENSORS 2003. [DOI: 10.3390/s30600192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Jiménez-Morales A, Galván J, Aranda P. A new silver-ion selective sensor based on a polythiacrown-ether entrapped by sol–gel. Electrochim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(02)00068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Antonisse MM, Snellink-Ruël BH, Lugtenberg RJ, Engbersen JF, van den Berg A, Reinhoudt DN. Membrane characterization of anion-selective CHEMFETs by impedance spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2000; 72:343-8. [PMID: 10658329 DOI: 10.1021/ac990721k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Impedance spectroscopy can be used to determine the influence of several membrane parameters on the membrane resistance of anion selective CHEMFETs. The concentration of the ammonium sites in the membrane, the anion-receptor complex stoichiometry, and the polarity of the membrane matrix are of particular importance. In general the resistance of polysiloxane membranes is higher than that of PVC membranes. However, in polysiloxane membranes the membrane polarity can be influenced by the type or concentration of polar substituents on the polysiloxane chain. Polysiloxane ion-exchange membranes with 25 mol% of polar sulfone substituents exhibit the same conductance as NPOE plasticized PVC membranes. Remarkably, the membrane resistance of cation-selective polysiloxane membranes is much lower and is much less dependent on the substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Antonisse
- Department of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA Research Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
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Lugtenberg RJ, Egberink RJ, van den Berg A, Engbersen JF, Reinhoudt DN. The effects of covalent binding of the electroactive components in durable CHEMFET membranes—impedance spectroscopy and ion sensitivity studies. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(98)00080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Bühlmann P, Pretsch E, Bakker E. Carrier-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes and Bulk Optodes. 2. Ionophores for Potentiometric and Optical Sensors. Chem Rev 1998; 98:1593-1688. [PMID: 11848943 DOI: 10.1021/cr970113+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1264] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, Department of Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
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Oh BK, Kim CY, Lee HJ, Rho KL, Cha GS, Nam H. One-Component Room Temperature Vulcanizing-Type Silicone Rubber-Based Calcium-Selective Electrodes. Anal Chem 1996; 68:503-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac950789+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Aranda P, Jiménez-Morales A, Galván JC, Casal B, Ruiz-Hitzky E. Composite membranes based on macrocycle/polysiloxanes: preparation, characterization and electrochemical behaviour. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/jm9950500817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Aranda P, Galv�n JC, Casal B, Ruiz-Hitzky E. Electrochemical characterization of composite membranes based on crown-ethers intercalated into montmorillonite. Colloid Polym Sci 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00659285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Galván JC, Aranda P, Amarilla JM, Casal B, Ruiz-Hitzky E. Organosilicic membranes doped with crown-ethers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1039/jm9930300687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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