1
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Xiao J, Jia X, Du B, Zhong Z, Li C, Sun J, Nie Z, Zhang X, Wang B. Balancing charge recombination and hole transfer rates in hematite photoanodes by modulating the Co 2+/Fe 3+ sites in the OER cocatalyst. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 654:915-924. [PMID: 37898075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the roles of Co and Fe sites in a composite cocatalyst on the performance of hematite photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The cobalt/iron-based composite (Co-Fe-O) cocatalyst, consisting of adjustable Co2+/Fe3+ratios, was synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal method. It reveals that Co2+ sites with a robust capacity for low-bias hole capture, which is insignificantly affected by partial substitution by Fe3+, decelerate the charge recombination process. However, it also leads to a slower charge transfer, with slower oxygen-evolution kinetics on Co sites than on Fe sites. Consequently, the modulation of the Co2+/Fe3+ ratio facilitates the redistribution of surface strap states, striking a delicate balance between charge recombination and charge transfer rates. This optimization led to the highest low-bias photocurrent density of 1.6 mA cm-2 at 1.0 V vs. RHE (a 2.4-fold increase) for the cocatalyst with a Co2+/Fe3+ ratio of 1:2 (CoFe2O4 nanoparticles). Additionally, the cocatalyst with a Co2+/Fe3+ ratio of 1:4 (mixture of CoFe2O4 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles, demonstrated an impressive high-bias photocurrent density of 3.8 mA cm-2 at 1.6 V vs. RHE (a 2.3-fold increase). This study emphasizes the promising potential of modulating active sites within a cocatalyst to achieve efficient PEC water splitting on a hematite-based photoanode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Xiao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China.
| | - Xin Jia
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Borui Du
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Blvd, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Ziqi Zhong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Blvd, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Jialin Sun
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Zunyan Nie
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Xuekai Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China.
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China.
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2
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Liu C, Busse S, Liu J, Godin R. Aminosilanized Interface Promotes Electrochemically Stable Carbon Nitride Films with Fewer Trap States on FTO for (Photo)electrochemical Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46902-46915. [PMID: 37774114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated the direct growth of a CNx layer on a plasma-cleaned and aminosilanized F-doped SnO2 (FTO) electrode to study the CNx|FTO interface that is critical for (photo)electrocatalytic systems. The (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) was chosen as a bifunctional organosilane, with the amino end incorporating into CNx and the silane end connecting to the hydroxylated FTO surface. Plasma cleaning and aminosilanization resulted in a highly hydrophilic surface, which leads to better contact of melted thiourea to the aminosilanized FTO (p-FTONH2) during CNx polymer condensation, thus generating a thinner and more compact CNx layer. The modification at the interface was shown to influence the CNx growth on length scales of tens of micrometers. We grew CNx thin films on p-FTONH2 (CNx/p-FTONH2) and nonaminosilanized p-FTO (CNx/p-FTO). CNx/p-FTONH2 had a smaller density of trap states and passed 2.4 times the charges before failure compared to CNx/p-FTO. Additionally, a 40% decrease in interfacial charge transfer resistance at the CNx|electrolyte interface was measured for CNx/p-FTONH2 compared to CNx/p-FTO under -0.5 V vs RHE in 0.1 M Na2SO4. Furthermore, with the CNx surface coated with a Pt cocatalyst, Pt/CNx/p-FTONH2 exhibited faster hydrogen evolution rates and larger current densities than Pt/CNx/p-FTO. The highest Faraday efficiency toward electrochemical hydrogen evolution (FEH2) in 0.1 M Na2SO4 (pH = 7) was 46.1%, 37.3%, 57.7%, and 70.5% for Pt/CNx/p-FTONH2, Pt/CNx/p-FTO, CNx/p-FTONH2, and CNx/p-FTO, respectively. The increase in hydrogen evolution rate did not follow the magnitude of the current density change, indicating electrochemical processes other than proton reduction. Overall, we have carefully investigated the CNx|FTO interface and suggested potential solutions to make CNx films better (photo)electrodes for (photo)electrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Stephanie Busse
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Robert Godin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Okanagan Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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3
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Zhang S, Leng W, Liu K. Unconventional rate law of water photooxidation at TiO 2 electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37185623 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00095h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical oxidation of water over semiconductors is a promising route for the production of sustainable solar fuels. TiO2 water photooxidation has been intensively studied over the past 50 years, but its rate law and mechanism are still undetermined. The main challenges are that there is no appropriate reaction kinetic model currently, and that both the reaction rate constant and reactant photohole concentration/density are not readily quantified with respect to conventional chemical reactions. Here we report that the rate law and photohole transfer mechanism could be determined by a combination of multiple (photo-) electrochemical techniques. We demonstrate that the kinetics of TiO2 water oxidation by photogenerated holes can be well-described by a model of surface state mediating charge transfer and recombination. The rate law, in terms of steady-state photocurrent, is the product of the surface hole density exponential dependent rate constant and the surface hole density, with first order for all the surface hole densities studied. This reactant concentration dependent rate constant is conceptually unexpected for an elementary step in conventional chemical reactions. In addition, we find that hydroxyl ions in bulk solutions are involved in the reaction as indicated by observation of the solution pH dependent apparent rate constant. This study may thus lead to key insights both for strategies to evaluate and/or enhance photoelectrochemical performances and for understanding reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Zhang
- College of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.
| | - Wenhua Leng
- Department of Chemistry, Yuquan Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.
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4
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Selective photoelectrochemical oxidation of glucose to glucaric acid by single atom Pt decorated defective TiO 2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:142. [PMID: 36627303 PMCID: PMC9831984 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical reaction is emerging as a powerful approach for biomass conversion. However, it has been rarely explored for glucose conversion into value-added chemicals. Here we develop a photoelectrochemical approach for selective oxidation of glucose to high value-added glucaric acid by using single-atom Pt anchored on defective TiO2 nanorod arrays as photoanode. The defective structure induced by the oxygen vacancies can modulate the charge carrier dynamics and band structure, simultaneously. With optimized oxygen vacancies, the defective TiO2 photoanode shows greatly improved charge separation and significantly enhanced selectivity and yield of C6 products. By decorating single-atom Pt on the defective TiO2 photoanode, selective oxidation of glucose to glucaric acid can be achieved. In this work, defective TiO2 with single-atom Pt achieves a photocurrent density of 1.91 mA cm-2 for glucose oxidation at 0.6 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, leading to an 84.3 % yield of glucaric acid under simulated sunlight irradiation.
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5
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Xi F, Bozheyev F, Han X, Rusu M, Rappich J, Abdi FF, Bogdanoff P, Kaltsoyannis N, Fiechter S. Enhancing Hydrogen Evolution Reaction via Synergistic Interaction between the [Mo 3S 13] 2- Cluster Co-Catalyst and WSe 2 Photocathode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52815-52824. [PMID: 36379472 PMCID: PMC9716521 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A thiomolybdate [Mo3S13]2- nanocluster is a promising catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to the high number of active edge sites. In this work, thiomolybdate cluster films are prepared by spin-coating of a (NH4)2Mo3S13 solution both on FTO glass substrates as hydrogen evolving electrodes and on highly 00.1-textured WSe2 for photoelectrochemical water splitting. As an electrocatalyst, [Mo3S13]2- clusters demonstrate a low overpotential of 220 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte (pH 0.3) and remain structurally stable during the electrochemical cycling as revealed by in situ Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, as a co-catalyst on WSe2, [Mo3S13]2- clusters enhance the photocurrent substantially by more than two orders of magnitude (from 0.02 to 2.8 mA cm-2 at 0 V vs RHE). The synergistic interactions between the photoelectrode and catalyst, i.e., surface passivation and band bending modification by the [Mo3S13]2- cluster film, promoted HER catalytic activity of [Mo3S13]2- clusters influenced by the WSe2 support, are revealed by intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, respectively. The band alignment of the WSe2/[Mo3S13]2- heterojunction, which facilitates the electron injection, is determined by correlating UV-vis with photoelectron yield spectroscopy results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxing Xi
- Institute
for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109Berlin, Germany
- PV
ComB, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für
Materialien und Energie GmbH, Schwarzschildstrasse 3, 12489Berlin, Germany
| | - Farabi Bozheyev
- Institute
for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109Berlin, Germany
- Institute
of Photoelectrochemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Hereon, 21502Geesthacht, Germany
- National
Nanolaboratory, al-Farabi Kazakh National
University, 71 al-Farabi
Ave., 050000Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Marin Rusu
- Department
Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Rappich
- Institute
Silicon Photovoltaics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Magnusstrasse 12, 12489Berlin, Germany
| | - Fatwa F. Abdi
- Institute
for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Bogdanoff
- Institute
for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Sebastian Fiechter
- Institute
for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109Berlin, Germany
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6
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Chae SY, Kim Y, Park ED, Im SH, Joo OS. CuInS 2 Photocathodes with Atomic Gradation-Controlled (Ta,Mo) x(O,S) y Passivation Layers for Efficient Photoelectrochemical H 2 Production. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58447-58457. [PMID: 34450006 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An atomic gradient passivation layer, (Ta,Mo)x(O,S)y, is designed to improve the charge transportation and photoelectrochemical activity of CuInS2-based photoelectrodes. We found that Mo spontaneously diffused to the a-TaOx layer during e-beam evaporation. This result indicates that the gradient profile of MoOx/TaOx is formed in the sublayer of (Ta,Mo)x(O,S)y. To understand the atomic-gradation effects of the (Ta,Mo)x(O,S)y passive layer, the composition and (photo)electrochemical properties have been characterized in detail. When this atomic gradient-passive layer is applied to CuInS2-based photocathodes, promising photocurrent and onset potential are seen without using Pt cocatalysts. This is one of the highest activities among reported CuInS2 photocathodes, which are not combined with noble metal cocatalysts. Excellent photoelectrochemical activity of the photoelectrode can be mainly achieved by (1) the electron transient time improved due to the conductive Mo-incorporated TaOx layer and (2) the boosted electrocatalytic activity by Mox(O,S)y formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Youn Chae
- Institute of NT-IT Fusion Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoolim Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Duck Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Im
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Shim Joo
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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7
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Riquelme AJ, Mwalukuku VM, Sánchez-Fernández P, Liotier J, Escalante R, Oskam G, Demadrille R, Anta JA. Characterization of Photochromic Dye Solar Cells Using Small-Signal Perturbation Techniques. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021; 4:8941-8952. [PMID: 34622143 PMCID: PMC8488939 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are novel semi-transparent photovoltaic devices that self-adjust their optical properties to the irradiation conditions, a feature that makes them especially suitable for building integrated photovoltaics. These novel solar cells have already achieved efficiencies above 4%, and there are multiple pathways to improve the performance. In this work, we conduct a full characterization of DSSCs with the photochromic dye NPI, combining electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS). We argue that the inherent properties of the photochromic dye, which result in a modification of the functioning of the solar cell by the optical excitation that also acts as a probe, pose unique challenges to the interpretation of the results using conventional models. Absorption of light in the visible range significantly increases when the NPI dye is in the activated state; however, the recombination rate also increases, thus limiting the efficiency. We identify and quantify the mechanism of enhanced recombination when the photochromic dye is activated using a combination of EIS and IMPS. From the comparison to a state-of-the-art reference dye (RK1), we were able to detect a new feature in the IMPS spectrum that is associated with the optical activation of the photochromic dye, providing a useful tool for assessing the electronic behavior of the device under different conditions of light excitation. This study provides guidelines to adequate characterization protocols of photochromic solar cells and essential insights on the interfacial electronic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Riquelme
- Área de Química Física, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Valid Mwatati Mwalukuku
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Molecular Systems and NanoMaterials for Energy and Health (SyMMES), F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Johan Liotier
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Molecular Systems and NanoMaterials for Energy and Health (SyMMES), F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Renán Escalante
- Área de Química Física, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Gerko Oskam
- Área de Química Física, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico
| | - Renaud Demadrille
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Molecular Systems and NanoMaterials for Energy and Health (SyMMES), F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Juan A Anta
- Área de Química Física, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013 Seville, Spain
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8
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Kranz C, Wächtler M. Characterizing photocatalysts for water splitting: from atoms to bulk and from slow to ultrafast processes. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1407-1437. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00526f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview on characterisation techniques for light-driven redox-catalysts highlighting spectroscopic, microscopic, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kranz
- Ulm University
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
- Department Functional Interfaces
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
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9
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Xiao J, Fan L, Huang Z, Zhong J, Zhao F, Xu K, Zhou SF, Zhan G. Functional principle of the synergistic effect of co-loaded Co-Pi and FeOOH on Fe2O3 photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Amano F, Koga S. Influence of light intensity on the steady-state kinetics in tungsten trioxide particulate photoanode studied by intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Monllor-Satoca D, Díez-García MI, Lana-Villarreal T, Gómez R. Photoelectrocatalytic production of solar fuels with semiconductor oxides: materials, activity and modeling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12272-12289. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04387g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal oxides keep on being excellent candidates as electrode materials for the photoelectrochemical conversion of solar energy into chemical energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Monllor-Satoca
- Departament de Química Física i Institut Universitari d'Electroquímica
- Universitat d'Alacant
- Alicante
- Spain
| | - María Isabel Díez-García
- Departament de Química Física i Institut Universitari d'Electroquímica
- Universitat d'Alacant
- Alicante
- Spain
| | - Teresa Lana-Villarreal
- Departament de Química Física i Institut Universitari d'Electroquímica
- Universitat d'Alacant
- Alicante
- Spain
| | - Roberto Gómez
- Departament de Química Física i Institut Universitari d'Electroquímica
- Universitat d'Alacant
- Alicante
- Spain
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12
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Pereyra CJ, Di Iorio Y, Berruet M, Vazquez M, Marotti RE. Carrier recombination and transport dynamics in superstrate solar cells analyzed by modeling the intensity modulated photoresponses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:20360-20371. [PMID: 31497818 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04256c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of carrier recombination and transport of two CuInS2 superstrate solar cells was studied by intensity modulated photovoltage and photocurrent spectroscopy (IMVS and IMPS respectively). For the analysis of the resulting data two different approaches were implemented. In the first approach, the typically used analysis in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) was adapted to obtain the characteristic times of the processes involved. The second approach was based on the fittings of both the IMVS and IMPS data to the solution of the continuity equation. These fittings allow the calculation of different dynamic parameters of the cells. Moreover, consistency between the obtained parameters was observed, in good agreement with the typical analysis for DSSC. The resulting dynamics was associated with the presence and distribution of defect states among the samples. Moreover, from the performed analysis, a relation between the results and the post-treatment applied to the solar cells could be established. The difference in the dynamics of the cells is mainly observed in the difference between the electron lifetimes of both solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Pereyra
- Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, C.C. 30, 11000 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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13
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Photoelectrochemical water oxidation at FTO|WO3@CuWO4 and FTO|WO3@CuWO4|BiVO4 heterojunction systems: An IMPS analysis. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has been intensively studied in the past decades as a promising method for large-scale solar energy storage. Among the various issues that limit the progress of this field, the lack of photoelectrode materials with suitable properties in all aspects of light absorption, charge separation and transport, and charge transfer is a key challenge, which has attracted tremendous research attention. A large variety of compositions, in different forms, have been tested. This review aims to summarize efforts in this area, with a focus on materials-related considerations. Issues discussed by this review include synthesis, optoelectronic properties, charge behaviors and catalysis. In the recognition that thin-film materials are representative model systems for the study of these issues, we elected to focus on this form, so as to provide a concise and coherent account on the different strategies that have been proposed and tested. Because practical implementation is of paramount importance to the eventual realization of using solar fuel for solar energy storage, we pay particular attention to strategies proposed to address the stability and catalytic issues, which are two key factors limiting the implementation of efficient photoelectrode materials. To keep the overall discussion focused, all discussions were presented within the context of water splitting reactions. How the thin-film systems may be applied for fundamental studies of the water splitting chemical mechanisms and how to use the model system to test device engineering design strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin He
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.
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15
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Antuch M, Millet P, Iwase A, Kudo A. Water reduction into hydrogen using Rh-doped SrTiO3 photoelectrodes surface-modified by minute amounts of Pt: Insights from heterogeneous kinetic analysis. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Pockett A, Eperon GE, Sakai N, Snaith HJ, Peter LM, Cameron PJ. Microseconds, milliseconds and seconds: deconvoluting the dynamic behaviour of planar perovskite solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:5959-5970. [PMID: 28177002 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08424a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSC) are shown to behave as coupled ionic-electronic conductors with strong evidence that the ionic environment moderates both the rate of electron-hole recombination and the band offsets in planar PSC. Numerous models have been presented to explain the behaviour of perovskite solar cells, but to date no single model has emerged that can explain both the frequency and time dependent response of the devices. Here we present a straightforward coupled ionic-electronic model that can be used to explain the large amplitude transient behaviour and the impedance response of PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Giles E Eperon
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nobuya Sakai
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | | | - Petra J Cameron
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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17
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Rodríguez-Pérez M, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez I, Vega-Poot A, García-Rodríguez R, Rodríguez-Gattorno G, Oskam G. Charge transfer and recombination kinetics at WO3 for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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18
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Antuch M, Millet P, Iwase A, Kudo A, Grigoriev SA, Voloshin YZ. Characterization of Rh:SrTiO3 photoelectrodes surface-modified with a cobalt clathrochelate and their application to the hydrogen evolution reaction. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Yu ZL, Leung KK, Yu HZ, Bizzotto D. A non-linear harmonic analysis of potential induced fluorescence modulation of a DNA self assembled monolayer. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Yu F, Li F, Yao T, Du J, Liang Y, Wang Y, Han H, Sun L. Fabrication and Kinetic Study of a Ferrihydrite-Modified BiVO4 Photoanode. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengshou Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research
Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research
Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yao
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Du
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research
Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqi Liang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research
Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research
Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxian Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Licheng Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research
Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Bertoluzzi L, Bisquert J. Investigating the Consistency of Models for Water Splitting Systems by Light and Voltage Modulated Techniques. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:172-180. [PMID: 27958744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of solar energy conversion devices relies on their accurate and nondestructive characterization. The small voltage perturbation techniques of impedance spectroscopy (IS) have proven to be very powerful to identify the main charge storage modes and charge transfer processes that control device operation. Here we establish the general connection between IS and light modulated techniques such as intensity modulated photocurrent (IMPS) and photovoltage spectroscopies (IMVS) for a general system that converts light to energy. We subsequently show how these techniques are related to the steady-state photocurrent and photovoltage and the external quantum efficiency. Finally, we express the IMPS and IMVS transfer functions in terms of the capacitive and resistive features of a general equivalent circuit of IS for the case of a photoanode used for solar fuel production. We critically discuss how much knowledge can be extracted from the combined use of those three techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bertoluzzi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Klotz D, Ellis DS, Dotan H, Rothschild A. Empirical in operando analysis of the charge carrier dynamics in hematite photoanodes by PEIS, IMPS and IMVS. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:23438-57. [PMID: 27524381 PMCID: PMC5310524 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04683e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we introduce intensity modulated photocurrent/voltage spectroscopy (IMPS and IMVS) as powerful tools for the analysis of charge carrier dynamics in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells for solar water splitting, taking hematite (α-Fe2O3) photoanodes as a case study. We complete the picture by including photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) and linking the trio of PEIS, IMPS and IMVS, introduced here as photoelectrochemical immittance triplets (PIT), both mathematically and phenomenologically, demonstrating what conclusions can be extracted from these measurements. A novel way of analyzing the results by an empirical approach with minimal presumptions is introduced, using the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) function. The DRT approach is compared to conventional analysis approaches that are based on physical models and therefore come with model presumptions. This work uses a thin film hematite photoanode as a model system, but the approach can be applied to other PEC systems as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Klotz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Technion – Israel Institute of Technology , 3200003 Haifa , Israel . ;
- Institute for Applied Materials – Materials for Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IAM-WET) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - David Shai Ellis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Technion – Israel Institute of Technology , 3200003 Haifa , Israel . ;
| | - Hen Dotan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Technion – Israel Institute of Technology , 3200003 Haifa , Israel . ;
| | - Avner Rothschild
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Technion – Israel Institute of Technology , 3200003 Haifa , Israel . ;
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23
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Díez-García MI, Gómez R. Investigating Water Splitting with CaFe2O4 Photocathodes by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21387-21397. [PMID: 27466695 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis constitutes one of the most promising alternatives for harvesting solar energy in the form of fuels, such as hydrogen. Among the different devices that could be developed to achieve efficient water photosplitting, tandem photoelectrochemical cells show more flexibility and offer high theoretical conversion efficiency. The development of these cells depends on finding efficient and stable photoanodes and, particularly, photocathodes, which requires having reliable information on the mechanism of charge transfer at the semiconductor/solution interface. In this context, this work deals with the preparation of thin film calcium ferrite electrodes and their photoelectrochemical characterization for hydrogen generation by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A fully theoretical model that includes elementary steps for electron transfer to the electrolyte and surface recombination with photogenerated holes is presented. The model also takes into account the complexity of the semiconductor/solution interface by including the capacitances of the space charge region, the surface states and the Helmholtz layer (as a constant phase element). After illustrating the predicted Nyquist plots in a general manner, the experimental results for calcium ferrite electrodes at different applied potentials and under different illumination intensities are fitted to the model. The excellent agreement between the model and the experimental results is illustrated by the simultaneous fit of both Nyquist and Bode plots. The concordance between both theory and experiments allows us to conclude that a direct transfer of electrons from the conduction band to water prevails for hydrogen photogeneration on calcium ferrite electrodes and that most of the carrier recombination occurs in the material bulk. In more general vein, this study illustrates how the use of EIS may provide important clues about the behavior of photoelectrodes and the main strategies for their improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Díez-García
- Departament de Química Física i Institut Universitari d'Electroquímica, Universitat d'Alacant , Apartat 99, E-03080 Alacant, Spain
| | - Roberto Gómez
- Departament de Química Física i Institut Universitari d'Electroquímica, Universitat d'Alacant , Apartat 99, E-03080 Alacant, Spain
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24
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Dunn HK, Feckl JM, Müller A, Fattakhova-Rohlfing D, Morehead SG, Roos J, Peter LM, Scheu C, Bein T. Tin doping speeds up hole transfer during light-driven water oxidation at hematite photoanodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:24610-20. [PMID: 25310963 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03946g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that the performance of hematite photoanodes for light-driven water splitting is improved substantially by doping with various metals, including tin. Although the enhanced performance has commonly been attributed to bulk effects such as increased conductivity, recent studies have noted an impact of doping on the efficiency of the interfacial transfer of holes involved in the oxygen evolution reaction. However, the methods used were not able to elucidate the origin of this improved efficiency, which could originate from passivation of surface electron-hole recombination or catalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction. The present study used intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS), which is a powerful small amplitude perturbation technique that can de-convolute the rate constants for charge transfer and recombination at illuminated semiconductor electrodes. The method was applied to examine the kinetics of water oxidation on thin solution-processed hematite model photoanodes, which can be Sn-doped without morphological change. We observed a significant increase in photocurrent upon Sn-doping, which is attributed to a higher transfer efficiency. The kinetic data obtained using IMPS show that Sn-doping brings about a more than tenfold increase in the rate constant for water oxidation by photogenerated holes. This result provides the first demonstration that Sn-doping speeds up water oxidation on hematite by increasing the rate constant for hole transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina K Dunn
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 11, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
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25
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Single-crystalline, wormlike hematite photoanodes for efficient solar water splitting. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2681. [PMID: 24045290 PMCID: PMC3775410 DOI: 10.1038/srep02681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A hematite photoanode showing a stable, record-breaking performance of 4.32 mA/cm2 photoelectrochemical water oxidation current at 1.23 V vs. RHE under simulated 1-sun (100 mW/cm2) irradiation is reported. This photocurrent corresponds to ca. 34% of the maximum theoretical limit expected for hematite with a band gap of 2.1 V. The photoanode produced stoichiometric hydrogen and oxygen gases in amounts close to the expected values from the photocurrent. The hematitle has a unique single-crystalline “wormlike” morphology produced by in-situ two-step annealing at 550°C and 800°C of β-FeOOH nanorods grown directly on a transparent conducting oxide glass via an all-solution method. In addition, it is modified by platinum doping to improve the charge transfer characteristics of hematite and an oxygen-evolving co-catalyst on the surface.
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26
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Ge H, Tian H, Zhou Y, Wu S, Liu D, Fu X, Song XM, Shi X, Wang X, Li N. Influence of surface states on the evaluation of the flat band potential of TiO(2). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:2401-2406. [PMID: 24472063 DOI: 10.1021/am404743a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Flat band potential (Vfb) is one of the most important physical parameters to study and understand semiconductor materials. However, the influence of surface states on the evaluating Vfb of titanium oxide (TiO2) and other semiconductor materials through a Mott-Schottky plot is ignored. Our study indicated that the influence of surface states should be introduced into the corresponding equivalent circuit even when the kinetic process did not occur. Ignoring the influence of surface states would lead to an underestimation of the space charge capacitance. Our paper would be beneficial for accurate determination of Vfb of semiconductor materials. We anticipate that this preliminary study will open new perspectives in understanding the semiconductor-electrolyte interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ge
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University , Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China
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27
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Energetics and kinetics of light-driven oxygen evolution at semiconductor electrodes: the example of hematite. J Solid State Electrochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-012-1957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Bertoluzzi L, Bisquert J. Equivalent Circuit of Electrons and Holes in Thin Semiconductor Films for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Applications. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:2517-2522. [PMID: 26292143 DOI: 10.1021/jz3010909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple model for the kinetics of electrons and holes in a thin semiconductor film in photoelectrochemical water splitting conditions is discussed, with a focus to discriminate between trap-assisted recombination and charge-transfer processes. We formulate the kinetic model in terms of the measurements of impedance spectroscopy and discuss the application of the results for the interpretation of the current potential curve under photogeneration. We provide a rigorous structure of the fundamental equivalent circuit for photoelectrochemical water splitting systems including a new predicted feature that is a chemical capacitance of the minority carriers that can give rise, in combination with other standard features, to a total of three arcs in the complex plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bertoluzzi
- Grup de Dispositius Fotovoltaics i Optoelectrònics, Departament de Física, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Grup de Dispositius Fotovoltaics i Optoelectrònics, Departament de Física, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
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29
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Gimenez S, Dunn HK, Rodenas P, Fabregat-Santiago F, Miralles SG, Barea EM, Trevisan R, Guerrero A, Bisquert J. Carrier density and interfacial kinetics of mesoporous TiO2 in aqueous electrolyte determined by impedance spectroscopy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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30
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Klahr B, Gimenez S, Fabregat-Santiago F, Hamann T, Bisquert J. Water Oxidation at Hematite Photoelectrodes: The Role of Surface States. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:4294-302. [DOI: 10.1021/ja210755h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 745] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klahr
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322,
United States
| | - Sixto Gimenez
- Photovoltaics and Optoelectronic
Devices Group, Departament de Física, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Francisco Fabregat-Santiago
- Photovoltaics and Optoelectronic
Devices Group, Departament de Física, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Thomas Hamann
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322,
United States
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Photovoltaics and Optoelectronic
Devices Group, Departament de Física, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
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31
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Peter LM, Wijayantha KGU, Tahir AA. Kinetics of light-driven oxygen evolution at α-Fe2O3electrodes. Faraday Discuss 2012; 155:309-22; discussion 349-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c1fd00079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Upul Wijayantha K, Saremi-Yarahmadi S, Peter LM. Kinetics of oxygen evolution at α-Fe2O3 photoanodes: a study by photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:5264-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02408b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Spectroscopy at Electrochemical Interfaces. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-49829-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Peter LM, Vanmaekelbergh D. Time and Frequency Resolved Studies of Photoelectrochemical Kinetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527616800.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Leng WH, Zhang Z, Zhang JQ, Cao CN. Investigation of the Kinetics of a TiO2 Photoelectrocatalytic Reaction Involving Charge Transfer and Recombination through Surface States by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:15008-23. [PMID: 16852900 DOI: 10.1021/jp051821z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) mathematical model of TiO2 photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) reactions involving charge transfer and recombination through surface states was developed. The model was used to study the kinetics of photoelectrocatalytic decomposition of salicylic acid. The model simulation results show that the appearance of two distinguishable semicircles in the EIS response depends on the charging of surface state and light intensity. The experimental results demonstrated that similar phenomena to the theoretical simulation results. The model provides a way to obtain the rate constants for the photoelectrochemical reactions of surface states mediating charge transfer and recombination. The applied potential changes not only the recombination rate constant but also the charge-transfer rate constant. Moreover, the experimental EIS results here and those previous published on PEC degradation reactions can be explained by the present model satisfactorily. The relevance of surface states was discussed briefly. The results demonstrated that EIS is a powerful tool for studying the kinetics of PEC decomposition of organic pollutants on TiO2 electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Leng
- Department of Chemistry, Yuquan Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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36
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Liu H, Li XZ, Leng YJ, Li WZ. An Alternative Approach to Ascertain the Rate-Determining Steps of TiO2 Photoelectrocatalytic Reaction by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034113r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Liu
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and School of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - X. Z. Li
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and School of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Y. J. Leng
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and School of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - W. Z. Li
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and School of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
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37
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Krüger J, Plass R, Grätzel M, Cameron PJ, Peter LM. Charge Transport and Back Reaction in Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Study Using Intensity-Modulated Photovoltage and Photocurrent Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0348777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Krüger
- Institute of Molecular and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Swiss Federal Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland and Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Robert Plass
- Institute of Molecular and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Swiss Federal Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland and Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Institute of Molecular and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Swiss Federal Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland and Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Petra J. Cameron
- Institute of Molecular and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Swiss Federal Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland and Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Laurence M. Peter
- Institute of Molecular and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Swiss Federal Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland and Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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38
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Cass MJ, Duffy NW, Peter LM, Pennock SR, Ushiroda S, Walker AB. Microwave Reflectance Studies of Photoelectrochemical Kinetics at Semiconductor Electrodes. 1. Steady-State, Transient, and Periodic Responses. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030088d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Cass
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Noel W. Duffy
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence M. Peter
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R. Pennock
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Shin Ushiroda
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Alison B. Walker
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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39
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Ogata Y, Ikeda T, Sakka T, Kobayashi T. Influence of dissolved oxygen on intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) at a silicon–hydrofluoric acid interface. Electrochim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(00)00326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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40
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41
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A kinetic study of CdS photocorrosion by intensity modulated photocurrent and photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Hickey SG, Riley DJ. Photoelectrochemical Studies of CdS Nanoparticle-Modified Electrodes. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp990020r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G. Hickey
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - D. Jason Riley
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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43
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Peter LM. Photoelectrochemical Kinetics at Semiconductor Electrodes. APPLICATIONS OF KINETIC MODELLING 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0069-8040(99)80013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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44
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Peter L, Ponomarev E, Fermín D. Intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy: reconciliation of phenomenological analysis with multistep electron transfer mechanisms. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(96)05033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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