An improved microculture-hemolytic spot assay for the study of carrier-specific antibody responses

Description of a urease-based microELISA for the analysis of limiting dilution microcultures

Limiting dilution analysis has been a valuable approach for both determining the frequency of cell subpopulations elicited during immune responses, as well as for the analysis of immunoregulatory circuits. We describe a simple, visually scored spot test for evaluating the response of Mishell-Dutton microcultures used in limiting dilution analysis. This spot test is based on a microELISA using immunoreagents conjugated to the enzyme, urease, as an alternative to the hemolytic spot test. The assay as performed in Terasaki trays requires minute quantities (less than 10 microliters) of culture supernatant, yet the ELISA yields a distinct color difference between tray wells containing culture supernatants derived from responding (purple) and nonresponding (yellow) microcultures. Although designed to be scored rapidly by visual inspection, the assay can be quantified by manual alignment of the Terasaki tray wells on commercially available ELISA plate readers with an accuracy and reproducibility comparable to assays performed in 96-well ELISA plates. Determination of anti-sheep RBC responses in limiting dilution Mishell-Dutton microcultures with both the hemolytic spot test and the urease-microELISA spot test showed a very close correlation between the results of the two assays. However, the urease-microELISA should be amenable for use with antigens not readily conjugated to an indicator RBC, and should be useful in those situations where determination of the antibody subclass(es) produced by responding microcultures is desired.