Kamps-Holtzapple C, Carlin RJ, Sheffield C, Kubena L, Stanker L, DeLoach JR. Analysis of hapten-carrier protein conjugates by nondenaturing gel electrophoresis.
J Immunol Methods 1993;
164:245-53. [PMID:
8370930 DOI:
10.1016/0022-1759(93)90317-z]
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Abstract
Hapten-carrier protein conjugates were made using five different small haptens (MW < 1000), two carrier proteins and two methods of conjugation. Nondenaturing agarose gel electrophoresis was used to demonstrate that when as few as two molecules of a small hapten are attached to the carrier, the conjugate band migrates differently from that of the carrier alone or of the coupling reagent-treated carrier. Furthermore, the direction of the change in migration of each conjugate correlates with the change in charge which occurs upon attachment of the hapten to the carrier.
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