1
|
Du K, Gao L, Li T, Rao W. Methods and applications of noncompetitive hapten immunoassays. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 39045721 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00922c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Hapten immunoassays have found extensive application across various domains such as disease diagnostics, environmental monitoring, as well as the evaluation of food and pharmaceutical safety. These techniques traditionally rely on competitive assay formats and often face challenges with sensitivity and specificity. This review focuses on the emergent noncompetitive immunoassay technologies that promise to transcend these limitations through innovative approaches. Noncompetitive immunoassays, leveraging novel elements such as anti-idiotype antibodies, anti-immunocomplex (IC) antibodies, and the strategic use of nanomaterial-enhanced signal detection, are setting new benchmarks for analytical performance. These advancements not only enhance the detection capabilities but also significantly improve specificity inherent in traditional methods. Moreover, the integration of novel materials and binding reagents in these assays offers substantial improvements in assay dynamics, providing faster, more accurate, and reliable results. This review consolidates the latest methodologies and their applications, underlining the transformative impact of noncompetitive technologies in the sensitive detection of haptens across various fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Du
- Shenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Li Gao
- Shenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Tinghua Li
- Shenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Wei Rao
- Shenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang YF, Yang JY, Shen YD, Xu ZL, Wang H. A breakthrough of immunoassay format for hapten: recent insights into noncompetitive immunoassays to detect small molecules. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38356229 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2315473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Immunoassay based on the antibodies specific for targets has advantages of high sensitivity, simplicity and low cost, therefore it has received more attention in recent years, especially for the rapid detection of small molecule chemicals present in foods, diagnostics and environments. However, limited by low molecular weight and only one antigenic determinant existed, immunoassays for these small molecule chemicals, namely hapten substances, were commonly performed in a competitive immunoassay format, whose sensitivities were obviously lower than the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay generally adaptable for the protein targets. In order to break through the bottleneck of detection format, researchers have designed and established several novel noncompetitive immunoassays for the haptens in the past few years. In this review, we focused on the four representative types of noncompetitive immunoassay formats and described their characteristics and applications in rapid detection of small molecules. Meanwhile, a systematic discussion on the current technologies challenges and the possible solutions were also summarized. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the current state-of-the-art in noncompetitive immunoassay for small molecules, and inspire the development of novel designs for small molecule detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Dong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang S, Feng R, Wu H, Guo J, Zhou Y, Lai X, Sun Y, Shen Y, Liu B, Yang X, Wang B. Development of an ultrasensitive sandwich immunoassay for detecting small molecule semicarbazide. Food Chem 2023; 429:136835. [PMID: 37463535 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive sandwich immunoassays for detecting the small molecule semicarbazide (SEM) were developed based on derivatization. Several SEM derivatizing agents were synthesized by linking o-nitrobenzaldehyde (NBA) and biotin with dihydroxyalkanes (different lengths), which were then used to evaluate the distance effect of two epitopes. Sandwich ELISA for SEM derivatives was developed using an anti-SEM-NBA antibody and horseradish peroxidase-labeled avidin or anti-biotin antibody as a secondary conjugate. The advantageous distances of the two epitopes under the double-antibody sandwich and antibody-avidin sandwich modes were ≥12 and ≥13 Å, respectively. Under the distances, the sensitivities of the sandwich ELISA were no lower than those of competitive ELISA. The obtained optimal EC50 values were 11.2 pg/mL (double-antibody sandwich with the epitope distance ≥16 Å) and 7.3 pg/mL (antibody-avidin sandwich with the epitope distance ≥17 Å). Compared with competitive ELISA, the developed method achieved a 30-fold improvement in sensitivity, with simpler aquatic product pretreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Zhang
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Ronghu Feng
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Huiling Wu
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jiping Guo
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xintian Lai
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - Yudong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xingxing Yang
- Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Bingzhi Wang
- Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lo CWS, Tsui TKC, Ma RCW, Chan MHM, Ho CS. Quantitation of plasma angiotensin II in healthy Chinese subjects by a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5318. [PMID: 34981551 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quantitation of plasma angiotensin (Ang) II, the active mediator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is challenging due to its low physiological concentration. We report a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) method to overcome this challenge. METHOD Ang II was extracted from EDTA plasma by an offline solid-phase extraction procedure with Waters MAX μElution plate. LCMS quantitation was performed on the Waters TQS system, monitoring the 3+ ions of the peptide. The analytical performance of the LCMS method was validated. The stability of Ang II was studied with or without the presence of a protease inhibitor. Local reference intervals were established from 143 healthy normotensive subjects (57% female, 21-60 years old). RESULTS The Ang II LCMS method had a measurable range of 3.3 - 700 pmol/L. Between batch precision coefficient of variation was <7% over the Ang II concentrations of 8.6 - 110 pmol/L. No significant matrix interference and carryover was observed. There was no significant difference in Ang II concentration in EDTA blood and plasma for at least 2 hours and 1 hour at room temperature, respectively. Ang II was stable for at least one year when stored at -80 o C, with or without the protease inhibitor. Age-dependent Ang II reference intervals were established: 4.4-17.7 pmol/L (21-30 years) and 3.9-12.8 pmol/L (31-60 years). CONCLUSION The present LCMS method is suitable for quantitation of Ang II to study the RAS system. Ang II collected at room temperature into EDTA bottles was stable at -80 o C for at least 1 year. The first age-dependent reference intervals of plasma Ang II were established for a healthy normotensive Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Wai-Shan Lo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Statin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Teresa Kam-Chi Tsui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Statin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald Ching-Wan Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Michael Ho-Ming Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Statin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Chung-Shun Ho
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Statin, NT, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moumita M, Shankar K, Abhiman P, Shamasundar B. Development of a sandwich vertical flow immunogold assay for rapid detection of oxytetracycline residue in fish tissues. Food Chem 2019; 270:585-592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
6
|
Li Y, Zhang G, Mao X, Yang S, De Ruyck K, Wu Y. High sensitivity immunoassays for small molecule compounds detection – Novel noncompetitive immunoassay designs. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
7
|
Sakamoto S, Putalun W, Vimolmangkang S, Phoolcharoen W, Shoyama Y, Tanaka H, Morimoto S. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative/qualitative analysis of plant secondary metabolites. J Nat Med 2018; 72:32-42. [PMID: 29164507 PMCID: PMC5775980 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunoassays are antibody-based analytical methods for quantitative/qualitative analysis. Since the principle of immunoassays is based on specific antigen-antibody reaction, the assays have been utilized worldwide for diagnosis, pharmacokinetic studies by drug monitoring, and the quality control of commercially available products. Berson and Yalow were the first to develop an immunoassay, known as radioimmunoassay (RIA), for detecting endogenous plasma insulin [1], a development for which Yalow was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1977. Even today, after half a century, immunoassays are widely utilized with some modifications from the originally proposed system, e.g., radioisotopes have been replaced with enzymes because of safety concerns regarding the use of radioactivity, which is referred to as enzyme immunoassay/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, progress has been made in ELISA with the recent advances in recombinant DNA technology, leading to increase in the range of antibodies, probes, and even systems. This review article describes ELISA and its applications for the detection of plant secondary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Waraporn Putalun
- Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Rd. Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Rd. Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Morimoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Development of Sandwich Double-Competitive ELISA for Sulfonamides. Comparative Analytical Characteristics and Matrix Effect Resistance. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
9
|
Akter S, Vehniäinen M, Spoof L, Nybom S, Meriluoto J, Lamminmäki U. Broad-Spectrum Noncompetitive Immunocomplex Immunoassay for Cyanobacterial Peptide Hepatotoxins (Microcystins and Nodularins). Anal Chem 2016; 88:10080-10087. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Akter
- Molecular
Biotechnology and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Vehniäinen
- Molecular
Biotechnology and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Lisa Spoof
- Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sonja Nybom
- Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Meriluoto
- Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Urpo Lamminmäki
- Molecular
Biotechnology and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Arola HO, Tullila A, Kiljunen H, Campbell K, Siitari H, Nevanen TK. Specific Noncompetitive Immunoassay for HT-2 Mycotoxin Detection. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2446-52. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henri O. Arola
- VTT Technical
Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie
2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Antti Tullila
- VTT Technical
Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie
2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Harri Kiljunen
- VERIFIN, Finnish
Institute for Chemical Weapons Convention, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen
aukio 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katrina Campbell
- Institute for Global
Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, 8 Cloreen Park, Malone Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Harri Siitari
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja K. Nevanen
- VTT Technical
Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie
2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qu H, Wang X, Qu B, Kong H, Zhang Y, Shan W, Cheng J, Wang Q, Zhao Y. Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for naringin. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 903:149-55. [PMID: 26709308 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Among the currently used immunoassay techniques, sandwich ELISA exhibits higher specificity, lower cross-reactivity, and a wider working range compared to the corresponding competitive assays. However, it is difficult to obtain a pair of antibodies that can simultaneously bind to two epitopes of a molecule with a molecular weight of less than 1000 Da. Naringin (Nar) is a flavonoid with a molecular mass of 580 Da. The main aim of this study was to develop a sandwich ELISA for detecting Nar. Two hybridomas secreting anti-Nar monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced by fusing splenocytes from a mouse immunised against Nar-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugated with a hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT)-sensitive mouse myeloma cell line; a sandwich ELISA for detecting Nar was developed using these two well-characterised anti-Nar mAbs. The performance of the sandwich assay was further evaluated by limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery, and interference analyses. A dose-response curve to Nar was obtained with an LOD of 6.78 ng mL(-1) and an LOQ of 13.47 ng mL(-1). The inter-assay and intra-assay coefficients of variation were 4.32% and 7.48%, respectively. The recovery rate of Nar from concentrated Fructus aurantii granules was 83.63%. A high correlation was obtained between HPLC and sandwich ELISA. These results demonstrate that the sandwich ELISA method has higher specificity for Nar than indirect competitive ELISA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Qu
- Centre of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Baoping Qu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wenchao Shan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jinjun Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Omi K, Ando T, Sakyu T, Shirakawa T, Uchida Y, Oka A, Ise N, Aoyagi K, Goishi K. Noncompetitive Immunoassay Detection System for Haptens on the Basis of Antimetatype Antibodies. Clin Chem 2015; 61:627-35. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2014.232728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Small molecules classified as haptens are generally measured by competitive immunoassay, which is theoretically inferior to noncompetitive sandwich immunoassay in terms of sensitivity and specificity. We created a method for developing sandwich immunoassays to measure haptens on the basis of antimetatype antibodies.
METHODS
We generated antimetatype monoclonal antibodies against a hapten–antibody immunocomplex using an ex vivo antibody development system, the Autonomously Diversifying Library (ADLib) system. We selected 2 haptens, estradiol (E2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], as analytes. Sandwich immunoassays for these 2 haptens were developed by use of a 96-well microtiter plate and a fully automated chemiluminescence analyzer, and the performances of these immunoassays were investigated.
RESULTS
The developed assays exhibited sensitivity high enough to detect target haptens in serum samples. The limit of detection of the ELISA for E2 was 3.13 pg/mL, and that of the fully automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) system was 2.1 ng/mL for 25(OH)D. The cross-reactivity with immunoreactive derivatives was effectively improved compared with the competitive assay. The CVs for the sandwich ELISA for E2 were 4.2%–12.6% (intraassay) and 6.2%–21.8% (total imprecision). The CVs for the sandwich CLEIA for 25(OH)D were 1.0%–2.3% (intraassay) and 1.9%–3.5% (total imprecision). In particular, the sandwich CLEIA for 25(OH)D showed correlations of r = 0.99 with both LC-MS/MS and a commercially available 125I RIA.
CONCLUSIONS
Our method represents a potentially simple and practical approach for routine assays of haptens, including vitamins, hormones, drugs, and toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Omi
- Biotechnology Research Group, Fundamental Research Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ando
- Biotechnology Research Group, Fundamental Research Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Sakyu
- Biotechnology Research Group, Fundamental Research Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Shirakawa
- Biotechnology Research Group, Fundamental Research Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Uchida
- Biotechnology Research Group, Fundamental Research Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Oka
- Biotechnology Research Group, Fundamental Research Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ise
- Biotechnology Research Group, Fundamental Research Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Aoyagi
- Biotechnology Research Group, Fundamental Research Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Goishi
- Biotechnology Research Group, Fundamental Research Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kobayashi N, Oyama H. Antibody engineering toward high-sensitivity high-throughput immunosensing of small molecules. Analyst 2011; 136:642-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00603c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
14
|
A Structural Insight into the Molecular Recognition of a (−)-Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and the Development of a Sensitive, One-Step, Homogeneous Immunocomplex-Based Assay for Its Detection. J Mol Biol 2010; 400:803-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
15
|
Kobayashi N, Oyama H, Suzuki I, Kato Y, Umemura T, Goto J. Oligosaccharide-Assisted Direct Immunosensing of Small Molecules. Anal Chem 2010; 82:4333-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100865p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Kobayashi
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyama-Kitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60, Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, 370-0033, Japan, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oyama
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyama-Kitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60, Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, 370-0033, Japan, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Iwao Suzuki
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyama-Kitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60, Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, 370-0033, Japan, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kato
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyama-Kitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60, Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, 370-0033, Japan, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takeo Umemura
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyama-Kitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60, Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, 370-0033, Japan, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Junichi Goto
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyama-Kitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60, Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, 370-0033, Japan, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Inaba J, Nakamura S, Shimizu K, Asami T, Suzuki Y. Anti-metatype peptides, a molecular tool with high sensitivity and specificity to monitor small ligands. Anal Biochem 2009; 388:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Kim HJ, Ahn KC, González-Techera A, González-Sapienza GG, Gee SJ, Hammock BD. Magnetic bead-based phage anti-immunocomplex assay (PHAIA) for the detection of the urinary biomarker 3-phenoxybenzoic acid to assess human exposure to pyrethroid insecticides. Anal Biochem 2008; 386:45-52. [PMID: 19101498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 11/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Noncompetitive immunoassays are advantageous over competitive assays for the detection of small molecular weight compounds. We recently demonstrated that phage peptide libraries can be an excellent source of immunoreagents that facilitate the development of sandwich-type noncompetitive immunoassays for the detection of small analytes, avoiding the technical challenges of producing anti-immunocomplex antibody. In this work we explore a new format that may help to optimize the performance of the phage anti-immunocomplex assay (PHAIA) technology. As a model system we used a polyclonal antibody to 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and an anti-immunocomplex phage clone bearing the cyclic peptide CFNGKDWLYC. The assay setup with the biotinylated antibody immobilized onto streptavidin-coated magnetic beads significantly reduced the amount of coating antibody giving identical sensitivity (50% saturation of the signal (SC(50))=0.2-0.4ng/ml) to the best result obtained with direct coating of the antibody on ELISA plates. The bead-based assay tolerated up to 10 and 5% of methanol and urine matrix, respectively. This assay system accurately determined the level of spiked 3-PBA in different urine samples prepared by direct dilution or clean-up with solid-phase extraction after acidic hydrolysis with overall recovery of 80-120%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Joo Kim
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
González-Techera A, Vanrell L, Last J, Hammock B, González-Sapienza G. Phage anti-immune complex assay: general strategy for noncompetitive immunodetection of small molecules. Anal Chem 2007; 79:7799-806. [PMID: 17845007 PMCID: PMC2519879 DOI: 10.1021/ac071323h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to their size, small molecules cannot be simultaneously bound by two antibodies, precluding their detection by noncompetitive two-site immunoassays, which are superior to competitive ones in terms of sensitivity, kinetics, and working range. This has prompted the development of anti-immune complex antibodies, but these are difficult to produce, and often exhibit high cross-reactivity with the unliganded primary antibody. This work demonstrates that anti-immune complex antibodies can be substituted by phage particles isolated from phage display peptide libraries. Phages bearing specific small peptide loops allowed to focus the recognition to changes in the binding area of the immune complex. The concept was tested using environmental and drug analytes; with improved sensitivity and ready adaptation into on-site formats. Peptides specific for different immune complexes can be isolated from different peptide libraries in a simple and systematic fashion allowing the rapid development of noncompetitive assays for small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A González-Techera
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L Vanrell
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - J. Last
- Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - B.D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - G. González-Sapienza
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Corresponding author. Av. A. Navarro 3051, piso 2. 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay, , tel (5982) 4874334
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lim SL, Ichinose H, Shinoda T, Ueda H. Noncompetitive Detection of Low Molecular Weight Peptides by Open Sandwich Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2007; 79:6193-200. [PMID: 17636882 DOI: 10.1021/ac070653z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Small peptides with less than 1000 in molecular weight are not considered amenable to sandwich immunoassays due to their difficulty of simultaneous recognition by two antibodies. As an alternative, we attempted noncompetitive detection of small peptides by open sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (OS-ELISA) utilizing the antigen-induced enhancement of antibody VH/VL interaction. Taking fragments of human osteocalcin (BGP), a major non-collagen peptide produced in bone, as model peptides, OS immunoassay was performed using the cloned VH and VL cDNAs from two anti-BGP monoclonal antibodies either recognizing the N- or C-terminal fragment, respectively. When the clones were used for OS-ELISA with immobilized VL fragment and phage-displayed VH fragment, enhanced VH/VL interaction upon BGP addition was observed. Especially the clone for the C-terminal fragment showed a superior detection limit as well as a wider working range than those of competitive assay. The result was reproduced with purified VH-alkaline phosphatase and MBP-VL fusion proteins, where the latter was directly immobilized onto the microplate wells. The minimum detectable fragment was the hexamer including the C-terminus. This simple approach with a single monoclonal antibody with a short measurement time may prove a useful tool in immunodiagnostics as well as in proteomics research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shean-Lee Lim
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pulli T, Höyhtyä M, Söderlund H, Takkinen K. One-step homogeneous immunoassay for small analytes. Anal Chem 2007; 77:2637-42. [PMID: 15828804 DOI: 10.1021/ac048379l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a one-step, homogeneous noncompetitive immunoassay for small analytes using recombinant antibodies and morphine as the model analyte. A highly specific antibody against the immune complex (IC) formed between an anti-morphine antibody and morphine was selected from a naive scFv phage display library. The in vitro phage library selection procedure avoids the difficulties associated with the production of anti-IC antibodies by animal immunization. The anti-morphine and the anti-IC antibodies were labeled with a pair of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) fluorophores. In the FRET assay the labeled antibodies were incubated with saliva samples spiked with morphine, codeine, or heroin. Within 2 min, 5 ng/mL morphine, which is clearly under the recommended cutoff level, was detected without cross-reactivity to codeine or heroin. This assay principle is also widely applicable to other small analytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Pulli
- VTT Biotechnology, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1500, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kobayashi N, Kato Y, Oyama H, Goto J. Antibody Engineering-Based Approach for Hapten Immunometric Assays with High Sensitivity. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2007; 127:55-69. [PMID: 17202785 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.127.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The trace characterization of physiologically active substances with low molecular weight (e.g., steroids, catecholamines, prostaglandins, and oligopeptides), which are classified as "haptens", is an important subject in clinical analysis, and competitive immunoassays have conventionally been used for this purpose. However, the subfemtomole-range determination of haptens is very difficult, as the sensitivity of competitive immunoassays is essentially limited by the affinity of the anti-hapten antibodies that barely reaches the range of 10(11) (l/mol) as the affinity constant (K(a)). Although a noncompetitive "immunometric assay" format, the two-site immunometric assay (sandwich immunoassay), enables even subattomole-range measurements of macromolecules such as proteins, this principle can not be directly applied to haptens, as their low molecular mass prohibits simultaneous binding by two antibody molecules. To overcome such limitations, we are required either to create artificial antibodies showing ultrahigh affinity to haptens by protein engineering of antibody molecules ("antibody engineering") or establishment of novel immunometric assay formats applicable to haptens. This review surveys the background and recent approach for subfemtomole-range determination of haptens using novel immunometric assay methods. Our studies for the development of hapten immunometric assays are also described.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kobayashi N, Iwakami K, Kotoshiba S, Niwa T, Kato Y, Mano N, Goto J. Immunoenzymometric Assay for a Small Molecule,11-Deoxycortisol, with Attomole-Range Sensitivity Employing an scFv−Enzyme Fusion Protein and Anti-Idiotype Antibodies. Anal Chem 2006; 78:2244-53. [PMID: 16579604 DOI: 10.1021/ac051858f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the sensitivity limit in immunoassays for small molecules (haptens), we established a noncompetitive immunoenzymometric assay (IEMA) format that can detect attomole-range hapten molecules. We selected 11-deoxycortisol (11-DC; Mr 346.5), a corticosteroid serving a diagnostic index for pituitary-adrenal function, as a model target hapten. A fusion of a single-chain Fv fragment (scFv) specific for 11-DC and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was generated for use as an enzyme-labeled antibody, instead of the conventional chemically linked enzyme-antibody conjugates. After binding reaction of 11-DC and fixed amounts of the fusion protein (scFv-ALP), the unbound fusion protein was removed by incubation with a mouse beta-type anti-idiotype antibody recognizing the scFv paratope. These complexes were captured by magnetic separation using anti-mouse IgG antibody-coated magnetic beads. Following magnetic sedimentation of the beads, immune complexes of scFv-ALP and 11-DC remained in the supernatant were further purified by capture on microtiter plates with immobilized alpha-type anti-idiotype antibody. As measured fluorometrically, ALP activity from bound immune complexes on the plates increased with increasing 11-DC, which is characteristic of a noncompetitive relationship. This IEMA afforded an extremely low detection limit (20 amol/assay), a very wide measurable range, and practical specificity. The plasma 11-DC levels determined for healthy subjects were validated as reliable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Kobayashi
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyama-Kitamachi, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mano N, Nagaya Y, Saito S, Kobayashi N, Goto J. Analysis of the antigen binding site of anti-deoxycholate monoclonal antibody using a novel affinity labeling reagent, acyl adenylate. Biochemistry 2004; 43:2041-8. [PMID: 14967044 DOI: 10.1021/bi035855d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale analysis of protein-protein interaction sites is especially needed in the postgenomic era. The combination of affinity labeling with mass spectrometry is a potentially useful high-throughput screening method for this purpose. However, reagents in current use are not ideal as some cause damage to the target molecule and others have poor solubility in physiologic aqueous buffers. In this paper, we describe a novel affinity labeling reagent, acyl adenylate, which is highly soluble in aqueous solutions and reacts in a pH-dependent manner. The adenylate of deoxycholic acid reacts with amino groups on the side chain of a lysine residue and at the N-terminus of proteins/peptides. The reactivity and stability of this reagent were investigated, and it was confirmed that, after formation of a reversible ligand-protein complex under weakly acidic conditions, derivatization with acyl adenylate occurred at the target site under weakly alkaline condition. We further demonstrated the utility of this reagent for affinity labeling using a monoclonal antibody with high affinity for deoxycholic acid. Competitive ELISA indicated that deoxycholic acid was labeled around the antibody ligand binding site, thus enabling the structural elucidation of the ligand-protein interaction. In addition, LC/ESI-MS/MS analysis of the labeled peptide obtained by enzymatic digestion and affinity extraction allowed the identification of the structure surrounding the antigen binding site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nariyasu Mano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Volland H, Pradelles P, Taran F, Buscarlet L, Creminon C. Recent developments for SPIE-IA, a new sandwich immunoassay format for very small molecules. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 34:737-52. [PMID: 15019052 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent publications describing new elegant approaches to assay small analytes using noncompetitive format were briefly reviewed. Among these methods, we have developed a new protocol, named SPIE-IA, which involves a cross-linking step achieved using chemical hombifunctional reagents, UV irradiation or free radicals. This new method proved to be useful to detect naturally occurring analyte/antibody complexes or to protect the analytes against degradation by peptidases. On the other hand, SPIE-IA could allow to study the adverse biological effects of UV and some aspects of free radical chemistry or to evaluate the antioxidant activity of molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Volland
- CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunologie, DRM/DSV, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kobayashi N, Goto J. Noncompetitive immunoassays for small molecules with high sensitivity and specificity. Adv Clin Chem 2002; 36:139-70. [PMID: 11605257 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2423(01)36027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kobayashi N, Oiwa H, Kubota K, Sakoda S, Goto J. Monoclonal antibodies generated against an affinity-labeled immune complex of an anti-bile acid metabolite antibody: an approach to noncompetitive hapten immunoassays based on anti-idiotype or anti-metatype antibodies. J Immunol Methods 2000; 245:95-108. [PMID: 11042287 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(00)00291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Conventional immunoassays for haptens such as steroids and synthetic drugs are dependent on the competitive reaction between an unlabeled antigen (analyte) and a labeled antigen against a limited amount of anti-hapten antibody. Although noncompetitive immunoassay procedures such as two-site immunometric assays offer a much higher sensitivity, direct application of this principle to haptens has been difficult due to their small molecular mass precluding simultaneous binding by two antibody molecules. Here, we have attempted to develop a noncompetitive immunoassay system based on anti-idiotype or anti-metatype antibodies. Ursodeoxycholic acid 7-N-acetylglucosaminide (UDCA 7-NAG), which is a bile acid metabolite (molecular weight, 595.8), was selected as the model hapten. A/J mice were immunized with a monoclonal antibody against UDCA 7-NAG, which had been affinity-labeled with a relevant hapten derivative. The fusion between the immune spleen cells and P3/NS1/1-Ag4-1 myeloma cells yielded four kinds of alpha-type and two kinds of beta-type monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies, each recognizing the framework region and paratope of the anti-hapten antibody. The use of a selected combination between alpha-type and beta-type antibodies together with the anti-hapten antibody provided a noncompetitive assay system with a subfemtomole order sensitivity (detection limit, 118 amol) and a practical specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, 980-8578, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lewis JC, Daunert S. Dual detection of peptides in a fluorescence binding assay by employing genetically fused GFP and BFP mutants. Anal Chem 1999; 71:4321-7. [PMID: 10517149 DOI: 10.1021/ac990404d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A competitive fluorescence microplate assay based on a red-shifted green fluorescent protein (rsGFP) and a blue fluorescent protein (BFP) was developed for the detection of two model peptides in the same sample. The assay employed gene fusion to prepare the fluorescently labeled peptide conjugates. Specifically, plasmids were constructed in which the genes encoding for the two small peptides (less than 12 amino acids in length) were fused to either the gene of the rsGFP or the BFP, as desired. The newly constructed plasmids were transformed into E. coli for expression of the fusion proteins. By employing the technique of gene fusion, one-to-one homogeneous populations of peptide-rsGFP or -BFP conjugates were produced. These peptide-GFP mutant conjugates exhibited the same excitation and emission spectral characteristics as the unmodified proteins. The naturally fluorescent proteins act as labels to provide sensitive dual detection of the two selected small peptides in a competitive assay format. To our knowledge, this is the first time that mutants of GFP, such as the rsGFP and BFP, have been used as quantitative labels for the development of a dual-analyte fluorescence immunoassay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0055, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Volland H, Pradelles P, Ronco P, Azizi M, Simon D, Créminon C, Grassi J. A solid-phase immobilized epitope immunoassay (SPIE-IA) permitting very sensitive and specific measurement of angiotensin II in plasma. J Immunol Methods 1999; 228:37-47. [PMID: 10556541 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(99)00097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new enzyme immunometric assay for angiotensin II (AII) based on SPIE-IA technology (solid-phase immobilized epitope-immunoassay). A monoclonal antibody with optimal properties (mAb3 131) was selected from a series of 19 anti-AII mAbs. The mAb had to be purified from ascitic fluid in a specific manner in order to remove endogenous AII from the antibody-binding sites. We established a sensitive (minimum detectable concentration 0.5 pg/ml) and precise (CV below 15% in the 2-100 pg/ml range) SPIE-IA. Using different AII-related peptides, we observed that this new assay has a specificity profile that compares favourably with the corresponding competitive immunoassay. We have used the assay to measure AII in 42 plasma samples, and demonstrated a good correlation with values obtained using a commercial radioimmunoassay. Assay specificity was supported by HPLC fractionation experiments, confirming the absence of interference induced by endogenous AII-related products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Volland
- SPI-BIO, 2 rue du Buisson aux Fraises, Z.I. de la Bonde, F-91741 Massy Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nagata S, Tsutsumi T, Yoshida F, Ueno Y. A new type sandwich immunoassay for microcystin: production of monoclonal antibodies specific to the immune complex formed by microcystin and an anti-microcystin monoclonal antibody. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199903/04)7:2<49::aid-nt43>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
Immunoassay is now the most widely used analytical technique in laboratory medicine embracing a vast repertoire of analytes and delivered through an increasingly diverse range of devices. This explosion of analytical techniques is complemented by an increasing knowledge base on the antigen antibody reaction that is being used to explore new and improved methodologies. Our knowledge of the molecular chemistry of the antigen antibody reaction coupled with the molecular biology of immunoglobulin expression has led to the development of antibody and antibody-like molecules with enhanced specificity, and reaction kinetics. These developments include novel fusion proteins, antibody mimics and antibodies that recognise antigen antibody complexes. The advances in the chemistry of the analytical systems are matched by the design of delivery vehicles: on the one hand the automated analyser that facilitates the analysis of large numbers of samples and on the other, the encapsulated, miniaturised device that enables an immunoassay to be performed at the point of care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C P Price
- Royal London School of Medicine & Dentistry, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Winger LA, Dessi JL, Self CH. Enhanced specificity for small molecules in a convenient format which removes a limitation of competitive immunoassay. J Immunol Methods 1996; 199:185-91. [PMID: 8982361 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(96)00182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Anti-complex immunoassay systems for small molecules permit the exquisite specificity achievable with monoclonal antibodies to be expressed to an extent which is not possible with competitive format immunoassay. While our previously reported anti-complex system is superior to competitive systems in terms of sensitivity, precision and specificity we have found that this specificity may be enhanced dramatically by simply interposing a wash step between the addition of sample and that of the labelled anti-complex antibody. When such a wash step was attempted with the competitive format system, after addition of sample but before addition of the labelled component, assay performance was degraded to the extent of making it unusable. We suggest, therefore, that the inherent flexibility of the anti-complex approach for small molecule assay creates an opportunity for remarkable enhancement of the functional specificity of primary antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Winger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Towbin H, Erard F, van Oostrum J, Schmitz A, Rordorf C. Neoepitope immunoassay: an assay for human interleukin 1 beta based on an antibody induced conformational change. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOASSAY 1996; 17:353-69. [PMID: 8957765 DOI: 10.1080/01971529608005798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A secondary monoclonal antibody (mAb2) was generated by immunization with immune complexes of human IL-1 beta and a primary monoclonal (mAb1). mAb2 bound to a neoepitope on the IL-1 beta/mAb1-complex with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 26 pM but not to uncomplexed IL-1 beta. As assessed by the binding of labeled IL-1 beta and neutralization of bioactivity, mAb2 enhanced the affinity of IL-1 beta to mAb1; Kd-values were 108 pM in absence and 5.4 pM in presence of mAb2. By analyzing a series of mutants of IL-1 where surface loops had been exchanged with the corresponding loops of human IL-1 receptor antagonist protein, a critical region responsible for mAb2 binding was localized to the C-terminal region. In addition to mAb1/IL-1 beta-complexes, mAb2 bound pro-IL-1 beta/mAb1 complexes as well as pro-IL-1 beta suggesting that mAb2 recognized a conformation of IL-1 beta resembling that of pro-IL-1 beta. Using this pair of mAbs, chemiluminescent and enzyme linked assays with detection limits of 2 pg/ml hIL-1 beta have been established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Towbin
- Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Carrero J, Mallender WD, Voss EW. Anti-metatype antibody stabilization of Fv 4-4-20 variable domain dynamics. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:11247-52. [PMID: 8626674 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.19.11247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-metatype (anti-Met) antibodies are immunoglobulins that specifically recognize and stabilize antibodies in their liganded or metatypic state, but lack specificity for either the hapten or the unliganded antibody. Autologous anti-Met antibodies were previously observed in vivo, suggesting that a metatypic autoantibody response could play a physiological role in the immune network, e.g. controlling the clearance of immune complexes from circulation. The first elicited anti-Met antibodies were against the fluorescein-liganded high affinity murine anti-fluorescein monoclonal antibody 4-4-20. The fluorescein-hapten system has proved to be an invaluable tool for both the recognition and characterization of the metatypic response by utilization of its spectral properties. In this investigation, hydrostatic pressure measurements, in conjunction with fluorescence spectroscopy, were performed on the recombinant Fv derivative (Fv 4-4-20) of the high affinity anti-fluorescein monoclonal antibody 4-4-20 complexed to anti-Met antibodies to study the influence of anti-Met antibodies of Fv 4-4-20 intervariable domain interactions. Anti-Met antibodies bound to liganded Fv 4-4-20 were observed to cause a change in the fluorescence properties of fluorescein that was not observed when anti-Met antibodies were bound to the liganded parent immunoglobulin. The variation of these spectral properties upon addition of anti-Met antibodies was shown to be correlated with dissociation of the variable domains in Fv 4-4-20 in response to its interaction with the anti-Met antibody. The ability to cause variable domain dissociation was dependent on whether monoclonal or polyclonal anti-Met antibodies were bound to the metatype. A model was proposed that elucidated the interaction of anti-Met antibodies, polyclonal and monoclonal, with variable domains of the primary anti-antigen antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Carrero
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 61801-3797, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Major developments continue to be reported in key areas of immunoassay technology. Following the development of excellent signal generation methods, attention has shifted to the development of immunochemical methods and instrumentation to provide convenient systems of high performance. Important advances have been made in the design of immunochemical approaches that permit the replacement of competitive format assays for small molecules, such as drugs, metabolites and pollutants, with non-competitive formats, bringing advantages previously seen only with large molecular analytes. Bispecific antibodies and recombinant proteins are also beginning to impact immunodiagnostics, with the promise of even more highly specified reagents. Improvements in automation have brought the facility of homogeneous systems to high-throughput and high-performance heterogeneous systems. Similarly, 'point of need' testing continues to progress. Through all of these advances, systems are evolving according to the needs of users in terms of operator convenience, accuracy, specificity, speed, robustness, and sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Self
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|