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The role of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) in cancer progression, invasion, metastasis and recurrence: A novel cancer stem cell marker and tumor-specific prognostic marker. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 115:104443. [PMID: 32380056 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) or CD166 is a 100 to 105 KDa transmembrane immunoglobulin which is involved in activation of T-cells, hematopoiesis, neutrophils trans-endothelial migration, angiogenesis, inflammation and tumor propagation and invasiveness through formation of homophilic and heterophilic interactions. Recently, many studies have proposed that the expression pattern of ALCAM is highly associated with the grade, stage and invasiveness of tumors. Although ALCAM is a valuable prognostic marker in different carcinomas, similar expression patterns in different tumor types may be associated with completely different prognostic states, making it to be a tumor-type-dependent prognostic marker. In addition, ALCAM isoforms provide ways for primary detection of tumor cells with metastatic potential. More importantly, this prognostic marker has shown to be considerably dependent on the cytoplasmic and membranous expression, indirect and direct regulation of post-transcriptional molecules, pro-apoptotic proteins functionalities and several other oncogenic proteins or signalling pathways. This review mainly focuses on the pathways involved in expression of ALCAM and its prognostic value of in different types of cancers and the way in which it is regulated.
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Kubysheva N, Postnikova L, Soodaeva S, Novikov V, Eliseeva T, Batyrshin I, Li T, Klimanov I, Chuchalin A. Relationship of the Content of Systemic and Endobronchial Soluble Molecules of CD25, CD38, CD8, and HLA-I-CD8 and Lung Function Parameters in COPD Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:8216723. [PMID: 28848245 PMCID: PMC5564111 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8216723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The definition of new markers of local and systemic inflammation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the priority directions in the study of pathogenesis and diagnostic methods improvement for this disease. We investigated 91 patients with COPD and 21 healthy nonsmokers. The levels of soluble CD25, CD38, CD8, and HLA-I-CD8 molecules in the blood serum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in moderate-to-severe COPD patients during exacerbation and stable phase were studied. An unidirectional change in the content of sCD25, sCD38, and sCD8 molecules with increasing severity of COPD was detected. The correlations between the parameters of lung function and sCD8, sCD25, and sHLA-I-CD8 levels in the blood serum and EBC were discovered in patients with severe COPD. The findings suggest a pathogenetic role of the investigated soluble molecules of the COPD development and allow considering the content of sCD8, sCD25, and sHLA-I-CD8 molecules as additional novel systemic and endobronchial markers of the progression of chronic inflammation of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nailya Kubysheva
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St, 18, Kazan 420000, Russia
| | - Larisa Postnikova
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Svetlana Soodaeva
- Pulmonology Research Institute, 11-Parkovaya 32, Moscow 105077, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya, 8- 2, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viкtor Novikov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Tatyana Eliseeva
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Ildar Batyrshin
- Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIC-IPN), Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz, Esq. Miguel Othón de Mendizábal S/N, Gustavo A. Madero, 07738 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Timur Li
- Central Clinical Hospital of RAS, Litovskiy Blvd. 1A, Moscow 117593, Russia
| | - Igor Klimanov
- Pulmonology Research Institute, 11-Parkovaya 32, Moscow 105077, Russia
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Burim RV, Teixeira SA, Colli BO, Peria FM, Tirapelli LF, Marie SKN, Malheiros SMF, Oba-Shinjo SM, Gabbai AA, Lotufo PA, Carlotti-Júnior CG. ICAM-1 (Lys469Glu) and PECAM-1 (Leu125Val) polymorphisms in diffuse astrocytomas. Clin Exp Med 2009; 9:157-63. [PMID: 19306055 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-009-0040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) play an important role in glioma invasion and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether specific genetic polymorphisms of ICAM-1 and PECAM-1 could be associated with glioma development and progression. Single-nucleotide polymorphism in codon 469 of ICAM-1 and codon 125 of PECAM-1 were examined in 158 patients with astrocytomas and 162 controls using polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis. The distribution of PECAM-1 polymorphic genotypes in astrocytomas did not show any significant difference. However, a specific ICAM-1 genotype (G/G, corresponding to Lys469Glu) exhibited higher frequency in grade II astrocytomas compared to controls, grade III, and grade IV astrocytomas; suggesting that this polymorphism could be involved in the development of grade II astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regislaine Valéria Burim
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
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Corona-Sanchez EG, Gonzalez-Lopez L, Muñoz-Valle JF, Vazquez-Del Mercado M, Lopez-Olivo MA, Aguilar-Chavez EA, Salazar-Paramo M, Loaiza-Cardenas C, Oregon-Romero E, Navarro-Hernandez RE, Gamez-Nava JI. Circulating E-selectin and tumor necrosis factor-α in extraarticular involvement and joint disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2008; 29:281-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-008-0688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Souter I, Janzen C, Martinez-Maza O, Breen EC, Stanczyk F, Chaudhuri G, Nathan L. Serum levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 are decreased in women receiving oral contraceptives compared with normally menstruating women: implications in atherosclerosis. Fertil Steril 2005; 83:1480-8. [PMID: 15866588 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2004] [Revised: 11/12/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to assess whether short-term changes in estradiol (E2), such as those observed in the menstrual cycle, alter serum levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and whether VCAM-1 expression is suppressed in long-term users of exogenous estrogens. The secondary objective was to assess the association, if any, between inflammatory cytokines and expression of sVCAM-1. DESIGN Prospective collection of serum samples in healthy volunteers. SETTING University hospital. PATIENTS(S) Thirty-one normally menstruating women and 37 oral contraceptive (OC) users. Interventions included serum collection in the early follicular, late follicular, and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycle and once in oral contraceptive users. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Samples were assayed for sVCAM-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin (IL)-6 by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Estradiol (E2) was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). RESULT(S) Oral contraceptive users had significantly lower serum levels of sVCAM-1 compared with normally menstruating women. No significant change was noted in the mean values of sVCAM-1 throughout the menstrual cycle, despite the significant change in 17beta-estradiol levels. Throughout the menstrual cycle, a significant correlation was noted between the serum levels of TNF-alpha and sVCAM-1. The serum levels of IL-6 correlated with those of sVCAM-1 in the late follicular and midluteal phase of the cycle. Similar correlations were observed in OC users. CONCLUSION(S) Long-term exposure to exogenous estrogens suppresses serum levels of sVCAM-1. Short-term changes in endogenous estrogens, as observed during the menstrual cycle, may not alter VCAM-1 expression; TNF-alpha and IL-6 may play a role in the regulation of VCAM-1 expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Souter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Patti G, Chello M, Pasceri V, Colonna D, Carminati P, Covino E, Di Germano S. Dexamethasone-eluting stents and plasma concentrations of adhesion molecules in patients with unstable coronary syndromes: Results of the historically controlled SESAME study. Clin Ther 2005; 27:1411-9. [PMID: 16291414 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1], and E-selectin may increase after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess whether anti-inflammatory treatment with steroid-eluting stents influenced concentrations of adhesion molecules after PCI in patients with unstable coronary syndromes. METHODS Consecutive patients with unstable coronary syndromes who were prospectively assigned to undergo implantation of a dexamethasone-eluting stent were compared with a control group of consecutive historical patients who received a similar non-drugeluting stent in the period immediately preceding availability of the steroid-eluting stents. Circulating concentrations of adhesion molecules were measured before the procedure and at 6 and 24 hours after implantation. RESULTS The study included 50 patients who received the dexamethasone-eluting stent (41 men, 9 women; mean [SD] age, 60 [9] years) and 50 historical controls who received the non-drug-eluting stent (40 men, 10 women; mean age, 63 [11] years). Baseline values for the adhesion molecules were similar in the 2 groups: in patients who received the dexamethasone-eluting stent, mean (SD) values were 210 (41) ng/mL for ICAM-1, 637 (119) ng/mL for VCAM-1, and 46 (9) ng/mL for E-selectin; in the control group, the corresponding values were 218 (42), 618 (140), and 43 (10) ng/mL. Circulating concentrations at 24 hours were significantly lower in patients receiving the drug-eluting stent compared with controls for both ICAM-1 (279 [49] vs 338 [60] ng/mL, respectively; P = 0.001) and VCAM-1 (772 [163] vs 896 [207] ng/mL; P = 0.004). There was no significant between-group difference in E-selectin concentrations at 24 hours (60 [10] vs 56 [11] ng/mL). CONCLUSION In this study, dexamethasone-eluting stents reduced plasma concentrations of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 after PCI in patients with unstable coronary syndromes compared with historical controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Patti
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
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Ikeda K, Quertermous T. Molecular isolation and characterization of a soluble isoform of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule that modulates endothelial cell function. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:55315-23. [PMID: 15496415 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407776200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules regulate a variety of endothelial cell functions such as migration, response to inflammation, and angiogenesis. Recently, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), a member of the Ig superfamily, has been detected in the primitive subsets of hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells during embryogenesis. ALCAM supports the development of hematopoietic cells as well as enhancing capillary tube formation in vitro. Here, we isolated a novel soluble isoform of ALCAM (sALCAM) that is produced via alternative splicing. sALCAM contains the single amino-terminal Ig-like domain of ALCAM and lacks a transmembrane domain. When expressed in cultured cells, sALCAM was properly secreted into the media. Both ALCAM and sALCAM are expressed in a variety of cultured human endothelial cells. Notably, their transcripts were differentially regulated in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) upon tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulation. ALCAM significantly enhanced tube formation of endothelial-like yolk sac cells on Matrigel, whereas it inhibited their migration in vitro. sALCAM completely abolished these effects of ALCAM. Furthermore, sALCAM enhanced migration of mock-transfected endothelial-like yolk sac cells that do not express ALCAM, indicating that sALCAM has an independent effect on cell migration in addition to modulating ALCAM function. In addition, sALCAM significantly enhanced migration of HMVEC, whereas it inhibited tube formation of HMVEC on Matrigel. sALCAM demonstrated an ability to bind ALCAM and partially inhibited ALCAM-ALCAM homophilic interactions. Taken together, these data characterize a novel soluble isoform of ALCAM that may have ALCAM-dependent and ALCAM-independent functions, providing further insights regarding the role of this adhesion molecule in the regulation of endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ikeda
- Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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8
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Mason MD, Davies G, Jiang WG. Cell adhesion molecules and adhesion abnormalities in prostate cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2002; 41:11-28. [PMID: 11796229 DOI: 10.1016/s1040-8428(01)00171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer, the leading male cancer in Western countries, has accelerated in its incidence in the past decade. Patients with prostate cancer frequently have a poor prognosis as a result of local or distant spread of cancer. This review summarises some of the recent progress made in understanding the biology of cancer metastasis with a special emphasis on the role of cell adhesion molecules and adhesion abnormalities. The molecular and cellular function of cell adhesion molecules, their role in cancer and cancer progression, the clinical impact of these molecules, and therapeutic considerations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm D Mason
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Health Park, Cardiff, UK.
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9
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van Riemsdijk-Van Overbeeke IC, Baan CC, Knoop CJ, Loonen EH, Zietse R, Weimar W. Quantitative flow cytometry shows activation of the TNF-alpha system but not of the IL-2 system at the single cell level in renal replacement therapy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16:1430-5. [PMID: 11427636 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/16.7.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunological dysfunction in patients on haemodialysis may be related to imbalanced cytokine systems, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-2. Despite activation of these systems, haemodialysis patients show high susceptibility for infections and malignancies, and have a poor immunological reaction to T-cell-dependent antigens, like hepatitis B vaccination. In this study we have determined the activation status of the two different cytokine systems, at the single cell level, using quantitative flow cytometry. METHODS Using fluorescein isothiocyanate- or phycoerythrin-conjugated antibodies directed against TNF-R2 (CD120b), IL-2Ralpha (CD25) and IL-2Rbeta (CD122), we measured the expression of these receptors at the single cell level in order to determine the level of activation of monocytes and T-lymphocytes. RESULTS Significantly higher expression of the TNF-alpha receptor, TNF-R2, was present on both monocytes and T-lymphocytes in patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) compared with pre-dialysis chronic renal failure (CRF) patients and controls, indicating activation of the TNF-alpha system. In contrast, IL-2R expression was comparable in all groups studied, which may reflect a non-activated state of the IL-2 system. CONCLUSIONS The present study illustrates an activated state of the TNF-alpha system in patients on RRT, at the single cell level, while the IL-2 system seems to be unaffected. These findings support the hypothesis that the interaction between the TNF-alpha and IL-2 cytokine systems is disturbed.
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Abstract
One of the most potentially useful tools in immunotoxicology is the assessment of cytokines, the molecules responsible for regulating a variety of processes including immunity, inflammation, apoptosis, and hematopoiesis. The particular profile of cytokine production may provide important information regarding the nature of an immunotoxic response such as hypersensitivity (i.e. TH(1) vs. TH(2) response). Proper evaluation of the role of cytokines in understanding hypersensitivity reactions requires attention to a multitude of technical details. Some of the details discussed in this review include the source of the sample to be tested (circulating, local, or ex vivo isolated cells), the potential effects of collection, processing, and storage on the results of the assays, potential variables associated with the source material (matrix effects, relevance, inhibitory substances), and factors influencing the choice of assay used (bioassay, immunoassay, molecular biology technique, flow cytometry). Other often-overlooked issues are discussed, including species considerations and quality control issues such as the use of reference standards and the expression of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V House
- Covance Laboratories Inc., PO Box 7545, Madison, WI 53707, USA.
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11
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Ghaisas NK, Foley JB, O'Briain DS, Crean P, Kelleher D, Walsh M. Adhesion molecules in nonrheumatic aortic valve disease: endothelial expression, serum levels and effects of valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36:2257-62. [PMID: 11127470 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We studied the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and endothelial selectin (E-selectin) on aortic valve endothelium in patients undergoing valve replacement. We also assessed the relation between serum levels and endothelial expression and also the changes in serum levels following surgery. BACKGROUND Nonrheumatic aortic valve disease is believed to be a degenerative condition. Increased tissue and soluble adhesion molecule levels are described in inflammatory conditions. METHODS Aortic valves from 22 surgical (16 bicuspid, 6 tricuspid) and 6 autopsy (4 normal, 2 thickened) cases were studied by immunohistochemistry. Soluble adhesion molecules were measured in peripheral blood preoperatively, and at 6 and 18 months postoperatively, and compared with controls. RESULTS The majority of the surgically removed tricuspid and bicuspid valves expressed adhesion molecules (E-selectin, 75% and 100%; ICAM-1, 75% and 80%; VCAM-1, 69% and 60%, respectively). The normal postmortem valves did not express these, while the diseased ones did. Endothelial expression of E-selectin correlated strongly with serum levels (r = 0.695, p = 0.004). Soluble E-selectin levels were significantly higher at baseline compared with controls (p = 0.017) and fell significantly at 18 months postoperatively (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Adhesion molecule expression on diseased valves supports an inflammatory component in "degenerative" aortic valve disease. The diseased valves may be the main source of elevated soluble E-selectin in this condition as blood levels correlate with endothelial expression and blood levels fall at 18 months postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Ghaisas
- Department of Cardiology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Kas-Deelen AM, Harmsen MC, De Maar EF, Oost-Kort WW, Tervaert JW, Van Der Meer J, Van Son WJ, The TH. Acute rejection before cytomegalovirus infection enhances von Willebrand factor and soluble VCAM-1 in blood. Kidney Int 2000; 58:2533-42. [PMID: 11115088 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections in transplantation patients are associated with vascular endothelial damage. This is reflected by the appearance of cytomegalic endothelial cells (CECs) and noninfected endothelial cells (ECs) in blood. To get more insight in the extent of vascular damage during HCMV infection, we investigated the levels of soluble markers during HCMV infection in relationship to EC levels and also preceding the acute rejection episodes. METHODS Of 46 kidney transplant patients, plasma levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and soluble E-selectin (sE-sel) were analyzed during the course of HCMV infection. RESULTS Plasma levels of VWF and sVCAM-1 increased twofold during severe HCMV infection. Moreover, the plasma levels of VWF correlated with detectable cytomegalic and noninfected ECs in blood. The kinetics of changes in VWF and ECs (CEC and EC) demonstrated the relationship with HCMV-induced vascular damage. Levels of sICAM-1 and sE-sel in plasma did not significantly change during HCMV infection. Interestingly, the combination of HCMV infection and preceding acute transplant rejection caused the highest increases of VWF and sVCAM-1 plasma levels, reflecting an enhanced susceptibility for endothelial damage at the moment of infection. CONCLUSION CMV infection is associated with vascular damage, and the vascular damage during CMV infection is enhanced if patients experienced acute rejection before CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Kas-Deelen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Faas SJ, Giannoni MA, Mickle AP, Kiesecker CL, Reed DJ, Wu D, Fodor WL, Mueller JP, Matis LA, Rother RP. Primary structure and functional characterization of a soluble, alternatively spliced form of B7-1. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:6340-8. [PMID: 10843688 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.12.6340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that soluble forms of B7-1 and B7-2 may exist, but transcripts that code for these molecules have not been previously described. In this study, we report the cloning and characterization of an alternatively spliced soluble form of porcine B7-1 (sB7-1) that lacks exons coding for both the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Northern blot analysis of RNA from alveolar macrophages revealed an approximate 3:1 ratio of the transmembrane form of B7-1 mRNA relative to sB7-1 mRNA. Porcine B7-1 was present on the surface of both B and T cells following stimulation with PMA/ionomycin. A histidine-tagged form of porcine sB7-1 (sB7-1-His) interacted with both CD28 and CTLA-4, and effectively blocked IL-2 production from human responder cells stimulated with PHA and either porcine or human stimulator cells. In addition, sB7-1-His inhibited human T cell proliferation in response to porcine or human peripheral blood leukocytes. This study is the first report of an alternatively spliced form of B7 that codes for a soluble protein. Furthermore, these data demonstrate that porcine B7-1 interacts with the human receptors CD28 and CTLA-4, suggesting a potential role for this molecule in pig to human xenotransplantation. Possible physiological functions for the soluble form of B7-1 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Faas
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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14
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Velikova G, Banks RE, Gearing A, Hemingway I, Forbes MA, Preston SR, Hall NR, Jones M, Wyatt J, Miller K, Ward U, Al-Maskatti J, Singh SM, Finan PJ, Ambrose NS, Primrose JN, Selby PJ. Serum concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules in patients with colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 1998; 77:1857-63. [PMID: 9667659 PMCID: PMC2150349 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1998.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The concentrations of the soluble adhesion molecules E-cadherin, E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were investigated in 48 patients with colorectal cancer before treatment, and their relation to clinical, histological and routine laboratory parameters was examined. Data were collected on tumour stage at presentation, presence and sites of metastatic disease, tumour pathology and results of routine laboratory tests. Serum concentrations of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly elevated in the patients with colorectal cancer in comparison with a group of healthy subjects (P < 0.00001). Levels of circulating ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were increased both in patients with local and those with metastatic disease. Although elevated in some patients soluble E-cadherin and E-selectin concentrations were not significantly elevated compared with the control group (P = 0.71 and P = 0.052 respectively). The levels of circulating ICAM-1 were significantly correlated with those of VCAM-1 and E-selectin. A correlation was also found between the serum concentrations of E-selectin and ICAM-1 and alkaline phosphatase, total white cell count and platelet count. VCAM-1 was positively correlated with age and negatively with degree of tumour differentiation and haemoglobin concentration. The biological implications and possible clinical relevance of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Velikova
- ICRF Cancer Medicine Research Unit, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Ameglio F, D'Auria L, Bonifati C, Ferraro C, Mastroianni A, Giacalone B. Cytokine pattern in blister fluid and serum of patients with bullous pemphigoid: relationships with disease intensity. Br J Dermatol 1998; 138:611-4. [PMID: 9640364 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Few and contrasting data are available in the literature concerning the levels of various cytokines in blister fluid (BF) and in the serum of patients affected with bullous pemphigoid (BP). Using commercially available ELISA kits, this study reports the levels of 11 cytokines detected both in BF and sera of 15 BP patients and compares them with those of 15 control subjects' sera. Generally, no significant differences were observed in BP and control sera. In contrast, interleukin (IL) 1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) showed increased BF levels as compared with BP sera. Two cytokines, IL-11 and IL-12 did not show significant differences between BP BF and sera, while an opposite behaviour was observed for transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), whose serum levels were higher than the concentrations in BF. Using the number of lesions of the patients as a possible disease intensity marker, significant correlations were found with the BF levels of IL-1 beta, IL-8, TNF-alpha and, most closely, IL-5. These data may have pathogenetic relevance and suggest the possibility that these biological modulators may be used as a quantitative marker of disease intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ameglio
- Laboratory Clinical Pathology, Institute S. Gallicano IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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McHugh RS, Ratnoff WD, Gilmartin R, Sell KW, Selvaraj P. Detection of a soluble form of B7-1 (CD80) in synovial fluid from patients with arthritis using monoclonal antibodies against distinct epitopes of human B7-1. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1998; 87:50-9. [PMID: 9576010 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1997.4503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The costimulatory molecule B7-1 (CD80) has been shown to be an important component for T cell immune responses. We have generated several monoclonal antibodies (PSRM-1, -2, -3, -6, and -7) against B7-1 using a human glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored B7-1 (GPI-B7-1) as an antigen. These monoclonal antibodies are able to detect B7-1 by flow cytometry, ELISA, and Western blotting. One antibody in particular, PSRM-3, blocks the CD28/CTLA-4 interaction with B7-1 and consequently blocks costimulation of T cells. The other PSRM monoclonal antibodies did not compete with PSRM-3 for recognition of B7-1 and also failed to block B7-1 interaction with CTLA-4 and CD28, indicating that these antibodies bind to different epitopes. PSRM-3 and -7 detect phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-released soluble GPI-B7-1 in a sandwich ELISA. We used this sandwich ELISA to assay for the presence of a soluble form of B7-1 in synovial fluids of arthritis patients. By sandwich ELISA, B7-1 was detected in the synovial fluid of 5/11 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 5/5 patients with osteoarthritis, and 2/6 patients with other forms, including crystalline-induced arthritis. The presence of soluble B7-1 was confirmed by immunoprecipitation using PSRM-3-coupled Sepharose beads. The source and function of soluble B7-1 are unknown at present; it is possible, however, that the soluble form of B7-1 molecule may play a local immunoregulatory role which may suppress or induce inflammation depending upon whether it interacts with the T cell costimulatory CD28 molecule or the negative signaling CTLA-4 molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S McHugh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Sfikakis PP, Tsokos GC. Clinical use of the measurement of soluble cell adhesion molecules in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 1997; 4:241-6. [PMID: 9144356 PMCID: PMC170511 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.4.3.241-246.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P P Sfikakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Athens University Medical School, Greece
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