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Eichberg J, Oberpaul M, Hartwig C, Geißler AH, Culmsee C, Vilcinskas A, Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E, Brückner H, Degenkolb T, Hardes K. Structural characterization and bioactivity profiling of the fungal peptaibiotic tolypin reveal protective effects against influenza viruses. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400384. [PMID: 39031917 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
In a bioprospection for new antivirals, we tested nonribosomally biosynthesized polypeptide antibiotics in MDCK II cells for their actions on influenza A and B viruses (IAV/IBV). Only tolypin, a mixture of closely related 16-residue peptaibiotics from the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum IE 1897, showed promising activity. It was selected for further investigation and structural characterization by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MS/MS) and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to in-source collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-isCID-HR-MS/MS), revealing 12 partially co-eluting individual peptides that were fully sequenced. Since tolypin-related efrapeptins are potent inhibitors of F1/Fo-ATPase, we screened tolypin for its toxicity against MDCK II cells and larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella. We found that a nontoxic concentration of tolypin (1 µg/mL) reduced the titer of two IBV strains by 4-5 log values, and that of an H3N2 strain by 1-2 log values, but the H1N1pdm strain was not affected. The higher concentrations of tolypin were cytostatic to MDCK II cells, shifted their metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, and induced paralysis in G. mellonella, supporting the inhibition of F1/Fo-ATPase as the mode of action. Our results lay the foundations for future work to investigate the interplay between viral replication and cellular energy metabolism, as well as the development of drugs that target host factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Eichberg
- Branch for Bioresources of the Fraunhofer IME, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany
- BMBF Junior Research Group in Infection Research "ASCRIBE", Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Oberpaul
- Branch for Bioresources of the Fraunhofer IME, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany
- BMBF Junior Research Group in Infection Research "ASCRIBE", Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Hartwig
- Branch for Bioresources of the Fraunhofer IME, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrea Helga Geißler
- Department of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center Marburg, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Branch for Bioresources of the Fraunhofer IME, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Hans Brückner
- Department of Food Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Degenkolb
- Department of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kornelia Hardes
- Branch for Bioresources of the Fraunhofer IME, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany
- BMBF Junior Research Group in Infection Research "ASCRIBE", Giessen, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt, Germany
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Du Y, Li J, Chen S, Xia Y, Jin K. Pathogenicity analysis and comparative genomics reveal the different infection strategies between the generalist Metarhizium anisopliae and the specialist Metarhizium acridum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:820-836. [PMID: 37794279 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fungal genera Metarhizium contain many important multiple species that are used as biocontrol agents and as model organisms for exploring insect-fungal interactions. Metarhizium spp. exhibit different traits of pathogenicity, suggesting that the pathogenesis can be quite distinctive. However, the underlying differences in their pathogenesis remain poorly understood. RESULTS Pathogenicity analysis showed that Metarhizium anisopliae (strain CQMa421) displayed higher virulence against oriental migratory locusts, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen), than the acridid-specific specie Metarhizium acridum (strain CQMa102). Relative to M. acridum, M. anisopliae possessed a higher conidial hydrophobicity, increased ability to penetrate the host, accelerated growth under hypoxia and enhanced ability for the utilization of different carbon sources. Different distributions of carbohydrate epitopes at cell wall surface of M. anisopliae might also contribute to successful evasion of host immune defenses. Comparative genomics showed that M. anisopliae has 98 more virulence-related secreted proteins (133) than M. acridum (35), which can be functionally classified as hydrolases, virulence effectors, cell wall degradation and stress tolerance-related proteins, and helpful to the cuticle penetration and host internal environment adaption. In addition, differences in genomic clusters specifically related to secondary metabolites, including the clusters of Indole-NRPS hybrid, T1PKS-NRPS like hybrid, Betalactone, Fungal-Ripp and NRPS-Terpene hybrid, may lead to differences in core virulence-related secondary metabolite genes in M. acridum (18) and M. anisopliae (36). CONCLUSION The comparative study provided new insights into the different infection strategies between M. anisopliae and M. acridum, and further facilitate the identification of virulence-related genes for the improvement of mycoinsecticides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Du
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- Tobacco Leaf Branch of Chongqing Tobacco Company of China Tobacco Corporation, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yuxian Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Kai Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Tehan R, Blount RR, Goold RL, Mattos DR, Spatafora NR, Tabima JF, Gazis R, Wang C, Ishmael JE, Spatafora JW, McPhail KL. Tolypocladamide H and the Proposed Tolypocladamide NRPS in Tolypocladium Species. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1363-1373. [PMID: 35500108 PMCID: PMC9150700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The genome of entomopathogenic fungus Tolypocladium inflatum Gams encodes 43 putative biosynthetic gene clusters for specialized metabolites, although genotype-phenotype linkages have been reported only for the cyclosporins and fumonisins. T. inflatum was cultured in defined minimal media, supplemented with or without one of nine different amino acids. Acquisition of LC-MS/MS data for molecular networking and manual analysis facilitated annotation of putative known and unknown metabolites. These data led us to target a family of peptaibols and guided the isolation and purification of tolypocladamide H (1), which showed modest antibacterial activity and toxicity to mammalian cells at micromolar concentrations. HRMS/MS, NMR, and advanced Marfey's analysis were used to assign the structure of 1 as a peptaibol containing 4-[(E)-2-butenyl]-4-methyl-l-threonine (Bmt), a hallmark structural motif of the cyclosporins. LC-MS detection of homologous tolypocladamide metabolites and phylogenomic analyses of peptaibol biosynthetic genes in other cultured Tolypocladium species allowed assignment of a putative tolypocladamide nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard
M. Tehan
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Rheannon R. Blount
- Department
of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ryan L. Goold
- Department
of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Daphne R. Mattos
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Nicolas R. Spatafora
- Department
of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Javier F. Tabima
- Department
of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Department
of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States
| | - Romina Gazis
- Department
of Plant Pathology, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, Florida 33031, United States
| | - Chengshu Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center
for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of
Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Jane E. Ishmael
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Joseph W. Spatafora
- Department
of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Kerry L. McPhail
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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Boguś MI, Wrońska AK, Kaczmarek A, Boguś-Sobocińska M. In vitro screening of 65 mycotoxins for insecticidal potential. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248772. [PMID: 33735295 PMCID: PMC7971479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The economic losses and threats to human and animal health caused by insects and the pathogens transmitted by them require effective and environmentally-friendly methods of controlling them. One such group of natural biocontrol agents which may be used as biopesticides is that of the entomopathogenic fungi and their toxic secondary metabolites (mycotoxins). The present in vitro work examined the insecticidal potential of 65 commercially-available mycotoxins against the insect Sf-9 cell line. Mammalian Caco-2 and THP-1 cell lines served as reference controls to select insecticidal mycotoxins harmless to mammalian cells. All tested mycotoxins significantly reduced the in vitro proliferation of the Sf-9 cells and evoked morphological changes. Ten of the mycotoxins found to strongly inhibit Sf-9 proliferation also had moderate or no effect on Caco-2 cells. The THP-1 cells were highly resistant to the tested mycotoxins: doses 103 times higher were needed to affect viability and morphology (1 μg/ml for THP-1 versus 1 ng/ml for Sf-9 and Caco-2). Nine mycotoxins significantly decreased Sf-9 cell proliferation with minor effects on mammalian cells: cyclosporins B and D, cytochalasin E, gliotoxin, HC toxin, paxilline, penitrem A, stachybotrylactam and verruculogen. These may be good candidates for future biopesticide formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieczysława Irena Boguś
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
- Biomibo ul, Warszawa, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Katarzyna Wrońska
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agata Kaczmarek
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
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Brückner H, Degenkolb T. Sequences of Tolypins, Insecticidal Efrapeptin-Type Peptaibiotics from Species of the Fungal Genus Tolypocladium. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000276. [PMID: 32573986 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A peptide mixture named tolypin, originally isolated from species of the fungal genus Tolypocladium, was structurally characterised and sequences compared to those reported for efrapeptins isolated from strains of Tolypocladium inflatum. Chiral amino acid analysis, direct infusion, and online HPLC electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry provided composition, molecular weights of peptides, and series of diagnostic fragment ions. Sequences deduced from ESI-MS revealed that tolypins C-G are identical to efrapeptins C-G. The results were corroborated by ESI-MS and HPLC of an authentic efrapeptin sample from Eli Lilly Research Laboratories (USA). Comparison of the HPLC elution profiles of efrapeptin and tolypin indicated a pronounced microheterogeneity of the former. A high-resolution HPLC of authentic efrapeptin has not been published before. Close relationship and partial identity of sequences of tolypins and efrapeptins, which had previously been postulated, were definitely proven. The geographical origin of the two most important T. inflatum strains used for sequencing of efrapeptins/tolypins could unambiguously be clarified. A new minor compound, designated tolypin H1, was sequenced. High proportions of helicogenic Aib (α-aminoisobutyric acid) and l-isovaline, N-terminal acetyl-l-pipecolic acid and the unusual, amide-bound C-terminal residue, named (S)-2-amino-1-(1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene-5-ylium)-4-methylpentane corresponding to 1-[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentyl]-2,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-1-ium, define these peptides as linear, cationic peptaibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Brückner
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, DE, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Degenkolb
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, DE, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Present address: Interdisciplinary Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Institute of Insect Biotechnology, Department of Applied Entomology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, DE, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Niu X, Thaochan N, Hu Q. Diversity of Linear Non-Ribosomal Peptide in Biocontrol Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E61. [PMID: 32408496 PMCID: PMC7345191 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocontrol fungi (BFs) play a key role in regulation of pest populations. BFs produce multiple non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) and other secondary metabolites that interact with pests, plants and microorganisms. NRPs-including linear and cyclic peptides (L-NRPs and C-NRPs)-are small peptides frequently containing special amino acids and other organic acids. They are biosynthesized in fungi through non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs). Compared with C-NRPs, L-NRPs have simpler structures, with only a linear chain and biosynthesis without cyclization. BFs mainly include entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi, that are used to control insect pests and phytopathogens in fields, respectively. NRPs play an important role of in the interactions of BFs with insects or phytopathogens. On the other hand, the residues of NRPs may contaminate food through BFs activities in the environment. In recent decades, C-NRPs in BFs have been thoroughly reviewed. However, L-NRPs are rarely investigated. In order to better understand the species and potential problems of L-NRPs in BFs, this review lists the L-NRPs from entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi, summarizes their sources, structures, activities and biosynthesis, and details risks and utilization prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Narit Thaochan
- Pest Management Biotechnology and Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Qiongbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
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Yadav AN, Singh J, Rastegari AA, Yadav N. Phyllospheric Microbiomes: Diversity, Ecological Significance, and Biotechnological Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [PMCID: PMC7123684 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38453-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The phyllosphere referred to the total aerial plant surfaces (above-ground portions), as habitat for microorganisms. Microorganisms establish compositionally complex communities on the leaf surface. The microbiome of phyllosphere is rich in diversity of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, cyanobacteria, and viruses. The diversity, dispersal, and community development on the leaf surface are based on the physiochemistry, environment, and also the immunity of the host plant. A colonization process is an important event where both the microbe and the host plant have been benefited. Microbes commonly established either epiphytic or endophytic mode of life cycle on phyllosphere environment, which helps the host plant and functional communication with the surrounding environment. To the scientific advancement, several molecular techniques like metagenomics and metaproteomics have been used to study and understand the physiology and functional relationship of microbes to the host and its environment. Based on the available information, this chapter describes the basic understanding of microbiome in leaf structure and physiology, microbial interactions, especially bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, and their adaptation in the phyllosphere environment. Further, the detailed information related to the importance of the microbiome in phyllosphere to the host plant and their environment has been analyzed. Besides, biopotentials of the phyllosphere microbiome have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab India
| | | | - Neelam Yadav
- Gopi Nath PG College, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh India
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8
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Elbanhawy AA, Elsherbiny EA, Abd El-Mageed AE, Abdel-Fattah GM. Potential of fungal metabolites as a biocontrol agent against cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover and the possible mechanisms of action. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 159:34-40. [PMID: 31400782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the insecticidal activity of the different organic extracts from the entomopathogenic fungi, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Metarhizium anisopliae, Purpureocillium lilacinum, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum towards cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii. The methanol extracts from the mycelia and spores of C. cladosporioides and P. lilacinum exhibited the highest insecticidal activity against A. gossypii compared with other extracts, which LC50 values were recorded to be 57.60 and 94.18 ppm, respectively. The major constituents identified in both methanol extracts by GC-MS analysis were linoleic acid and palmitic acid. The methanol extracts of C. cladosporioides and P. lilacinum caused a voluminous increase in the total carbohydrates content of A. gossypii adults, while the total protein content was significantly decreased by both extracts. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly reduced by methanol extracts. The P. lilacinum extract caused a considerable reduction in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), α- and β-esterase by 28.9, 27.9 and 23.4%, respectively. Both extracts induced a significant increase in phenoloxidase and chitinase activity of A. gossypii adults. These results suggest that C. cladosporioides and P. lilacinum methanol extracts could be used as a promising approach for the management of A. gossypii in many economically crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza A Elbanhawy
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elsherbiny A Elsherbiny
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Abd El-Mageed
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamal M Abdel-Fattah
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Schrey H, Spiteller P. E- and Z-Proxamidines, Unprecedented 1,3-Diazacyclooct-1-ene Alkaloids from Fruiting Bodies of Laccaria proxima. Chemistry 2019; 25:8035-8042. [PMID: 31033066 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fruiting bodies of Laccaria proxima were screened for the presence of new secondary metabolites by means of HPLC-UV and LC-HR-(+)-ESIMS. Thus, two isomeric alkaloids with a highly unusual core structure, E-proxamidine and its Z-isomer, were isolated from Laccaria proxima. The proxamidines consist of an eight-membered heterocyclic ring system with a formamidine unit. The structures were established by 2D NMR spectroscopic methods, HR-(+)-ESIMS, and HR-(+)-ESIMS/MS. The proxamidines are probably biosynthetically derived from tryptophan, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, and S-adenosylmethionine and the eight-membered ring of the proxamidines is likely to be generated by a rearrangement of the tryptophan sceleton. Metabolic profiling of fruiting bodies of some other Laccaria species revealed that the proxamidines appear in significant amounts only in L. proxima making the compounds suitable as chemotaxonomic markers. E-Proxamidine exhibits herbicidal activity against Lepidium sativum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedda Schrey
- Institut für Organische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Peter Spiteller
- Institut für Organische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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Neupane P, Bhuju S, Thapa N, Bhattarai HK. ATP Synthase: Structure, Function and Inhibition. Biomol Concepts 2019; 10:1-10. [PMID: 30888962 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2019-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation is carried out by five complexes, which are the sites for electron transport and ATP synthesis. Among those, Complex V (also known as the F1F0 ATP Synthase or ATPase) is responsible for the generation of ATP through phosphorylation of ADP by using electrochemical energy generated by proton gradient across the inner membrane of mitochondria. A multi subunit structure that works like a pump functions along the proton gradient across the membranes which not only results in ATP synthesis and breakdown, but also facilitates electron transport. Since ATP is the major energy currency in all living cells, its synthesis and function have widely been studied over the last few decades uncovering several aspects of ATP synthase. This review intends to summarize the structure, function and inhibition of the ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudina Bhuju
- Department of Biotechnology, Kathmandu University Dhulikhel, Nepal India
| | - Nita Thapa
- Department of Biotechnology, Kathmandu University Dhulikhel, Nepal India
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathie T. Hodge
- Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Stuart B. Krasnoff
- Plant Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tower Rd., Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Richard A. Humber
- Plant Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tower Rd., Ithaca, New York 14853
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12
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Wang JB, St Leger RJ, Wang C. Advances in Genomics of Entomopathogenic Fungi. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2016; 94:67-105. [PMID: 27131323 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are the commonest pathogens of insects and crucial regulators of insect populations. The rapid advance of genome technologies has revolutionized our understanding of entomopathogenic fungi with multiple Metarhizium spp. sequenced, as well as Beauveria bassiana, Cordyceps militaris, and Ophiocordyceps sinensis among others. Phylogenomic analysis suggests that the ancestors of many of these fungi were plant endophytes or pathogens, with entomopathogenicity being an acquired characteristic. These fungi now occupy a wide range of habitats and hosts, and their genomes have provided a wealth of information on the evolution of virulence-related characteristics, as well as the protein families and genomic structure associated with ecological and econutritional heterogeneity, genome evolution, and host range diversification. In particular, their evolutionary transition from plant pathogens or endophytes to insect pathogens provides a novel perspective on how new functional mechanisms important for host switching and virulence are acquired. Importantly, genomic resources have helped make entomopathogenic fungi ideal model systems for answering basic questions in parasitology, entomology, and speciation. At the same time, identifying the selective forces that act upon entomopathogen fitness traits could underpin both the development of new mycoinsecticides and further our understanding of the natural roles of these fungi in nature. These roles frequently include mutualistic relationships with plants. Genomics has also facilitated the rapid identification of genes encoding biologically useful molecules, with implications for the development of pharmaceuticals and the use of these fungi as bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Wang
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - R J St Leger
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - C Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Dutt Konar A, Vass E, Hollósi M, Majer Z, Grüber G, Frese K, Sewald N. Conformational properties of secondary amino acids: replacement of pipecolic acid by N-methyl-l-alanine in efrapeptin C. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:942-51. [PMID: 23681735 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The efrapeptins, a family of naturally occurring peptides with inhibitory activities against ATPases, contain several α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids such as α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) or isovaline (Iva) besides pipecolic acid (Pip), β-Ala, Leu, Gly, and a C-terminal heterocyclic residue. Secondary α-amino acids such as proline are known to stabilize discrete conformations in peptides. A similar influence is ascribed to N-alkyl α-amino acids. We synthesized two efrapeptin C analogs with replacement of Pip by N-methyl-L-alanine (MeAla) using a combination of solid- and solution-phase techniques in a fragment-condensation strategy to compare the conformational bias of both secondary amino acids. The solution conformation was investigated by vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) to probe whether the analogs adopt a 310 -helical conformation. The MeAla-containing analogs [MeAla(1,3) ]efrapeptin C and [MeAla(1,3,11) ]efrapeptin C inhibit ATP hydrolysis by the A3 B3 complex of A1 A0 -ATP synthase from Methanosarcina mazei Gö1.
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Krasnoff SB, Gupta S. Efrapeptin production byTolypocladium fungi (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes): Intra- and interspecific variation. J Chem Ecol 2013; 18:1727-41. [PMID: 24254715 DOI: 10.1007/bf02751098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/1992] [Accepted: 05/27/1992] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Production of the mitochondrial ATPase inhibitory peptides efrapeptins was evaluated by HPLC analysis in 44 strains of nine species of the fungal genusTolypocladium (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes). Efrapeptin identification was confirmed by mass spectral data for the first time in the speciesT. cylindrosporum. HPLC retention time data indicated thatT. nubicola andT. tundrense, two species not previously known to produce efrapeptins, also produce the peptides. No efrapeptins were detected (<0.3 mg/100 ml broth) in single strains each ofT. balanoides, T. extinguens, T. parasiticum, andT. microsporum. Five strains ofT. geodes produced detectable amounts of efrapeptins and had compound F, or F and G, as the major component(s) in the mixture with the order of abundance being F> or ∼G > H ∼ D ∼ E > C. Eleven strains ofT. niveum produced detectable amounts of efrapeptins and had efrapeptins D and E as the primary and secondary components, respectively, in the mixture with the order of abundance being D > E > F > C ∼ G. A singleT. niveum strain had an efrapeptin profile similar to that of theT. geodes strains. Ten strains ofT. cylindrosporum had detectable amounts of efrapeptins. Of these, nine had F and one had G as the major component.T. cylindrosporum had higher ratios of E to D than didT. geodes. Efrapeptins were detected in one of twoT. nubicola strains analyzed (F > G > H) and one of threeT. tundrense strains (F > G > H > E).T. niveum strains could, in most cases, be identified to species on the basis of their efrapeptin profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Krasnoff
- U.S. Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Tower Road, 14853, Ithaca, New York
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Weigelt S, Huber T, Hofmann F, Jost M, Ritzefeld M, Luy B, Freudenberger C, Majer Z, Vass E, Greie JC, Panella L, Kaptein B, Broxterman QB, Kessler H, Altendorf K, Hollósi M, Sewald N. Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Efrapeptins. Chemistry 2011; 18:478-87. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Survase SA, Kagliwal LD, Annapure US, Singhal RS. Cyclosporin A--a review on fermentative production, downstream processing and pharmacological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:418-35. [PMID: 21447377 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In present times, the immunosuppressants have gained considerable importance in the world market. Cyclosporin A (CyA) is a cyclic undecapeptide with a variety of biological activities including immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antiparasitic properties. CyA is produced by various types of fermentation techniques using Tolypocladium inflatum. In the present review, we discuss the biosynthetic pathway, fermentative production, downstream processing and pharmacological activities of CyA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant A Survase
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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Papathanassiu AE, MacDonald NJ, Emlet DR, Vu HA. Antitumor activity of efrapeptins, alone or in combination with 2-deoxyglucose, in breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Cell Stress Chaperones 2011; 16:181-93. [PMID: 20927616 PMCID: PMC3059793 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-010-0231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efrapeptins (EF), a family of fungal peptides, inhibit proteasomal enzymatic activities and the in vitro and in vivo growth of HT-29 cells. They are also known inhibitors of F(1)F(0)-ATPase, a mitochondrial enzyme that functions as an Hsp90 co-chaperone. We have previously shown that treatment of cancer cells with EF results in disruption of the Hsp90:F(1)F(0)-ATPase complex and inhibition of Hsp90 chaperone activity. The present study examines the effect of EF on breast cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. As a monotherapy, EF inhibited cell proliferation in vitro with an IC(50) value ranging from 6 nM to 3.4 μM. Inhibition of Hsp90 chaperone function appeared to be the dominant mechanism of action and the factor determining cellular sensitivity to EF. In vitro inhibition of proteasome became prominent in the absence of adequate levels of Hsp90 and F(1)F(0)-ATPase as in the case of the relatively EF-resistant MDA-MB-231 cell line. In vivo, EF inhibited MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 xenograft growth with a maximal inhibition of 60% after administration of 0.15 and 0.3 mg/kg EF, respectively. 2-Deoxyglucose (2DG), a known inhibitor of glycolysis, acted synergistically with EF in vitro and antagonistically in vivo. In vitro, the synergistic effect was attributed to a prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In vivo, the antagonistic effect was ascribed to the downregulation of tumoral and/or stromal F(1)F(0)-ATPase by 2DG.
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Assessing the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of secondary metabolites produced by several fungal biological control agents with the Ames assay and the VITOTOX(®) test. Mutat Res 2011; 722:1-6. [PMID: 21256245 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The potential genotoxic effects of several pure secondary metabolites produced by fungi used as biological control agents (BCAs) were studied with the Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay and the Vitotox test, with and without metabolic activation. A complete set of Salmonella tester strains was used to avoid false negative results. To detect possible mutagenic and/or cytotoxic effects of fungal secondary metabolites due to synergistic action, crude extracts and fungal cell extracts of the BCAs were also examined. Although the sensitivity of the methods varied depending on the metabolite used, clearly no genotoxicity was observed in all cases. The results of the two assays are discussed in the light of being used in a complementary fashion for a convincing risk-assessment evaluation of fungal BCAs and their secondary metabolites.
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Production of fumonisins B2 and B4 in Tolypocladium species. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 38:1329-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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St Leger RJ. Society for Invertebrate Pathology 2009 Founders' Lecture: Donald W. Roberts--50 years of leadership in insect pathology. J Invertebr Pathol 2010; 105:211-9. [PMID: 20970532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2010.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J St Leger
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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Molnár I, Gibson DM, Krasnoff SB. Secondary metabolites from entomopathogenic Hypocrealean fungi. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1241-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c001459c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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22
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Blunt JW, Copp BR, Munro MHG, Northcote PT, Prinsep MR. Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:165-237. [DOI: 10.1039/b906091j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Degenkolb T, Brückner H. Peptaibiomics: Towards a Myriad of Bioactive Peptides Containing Cα-Dialkylamino Acids? Chem Biodivers 2008; 5:1817-43. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200890171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Degenkolb T, Kirschbaum J, Brückner H. New Sequences, Constituents, and Producers of Peptaibiotics: An Updated Review. Chem Biodivers 2007; 4:1052-67. [PMID: 17589876 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200790096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To date, 18 genera of imperfect and ascomycetous fungi have been recognized to produce ca. 700 individual sequences of peptaibiotics. These are linear polypeptide antibiotics which i) have a molecular weight between 500 and 2,200 Dalton, thus containing 5-21 residues; ii) show a high content of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid; iii) are characterized by the presence of other nonproteinogenic amino acids and/or lipoamino acids; iv) possess an acylated N-terminus, and v) have a C-terminal residue that, in most of them, consists of a free or acetylated amide-bonded 1,2-amino alcohol, but might also be an amine, amide, free amino acid, 2,5-dioxopiperazine, or sugar alcohol. From April 2003 until present, ca. 300 new individual sequences of peptaibiotics have been published in the literature, but most of them have not yet been included in databases. To summarize these new sequences and novel constituents, as well as to introduce fungal species hitherto unknown as producers of peptaibiotics, the relevant literature is reviewed. Furthermore, ecophysiological and taxonomic aspects of the producing fungi are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Degenkolb
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen, Germany
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Papathanassiu AE, MacDonald NJ, Bencsura A, Vu HA. F1F0-ATP synthase functions as a co-chaperone of Hsp90-substrate protein complexes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:419-29. [PMID: 16682002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has emerged as a novel intervention for the treatment of solid tumors and leukemias. Here, we report that F(1)F(0)-ATP synthase, the enzyme responsible for the mitochondrial production of ATP, is a co-chaperone of Hsp90. F(1)F(0)-ATP synthase co-immunoprecipitates with Hsp90 and Hsp90-client proteins in cell lysates of MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-453, and HT-29 cancer cells. Inhibition of F(1)F(0)-ATP synthase by efrapeptins results in the disruption of the Hsp90 complexing with its substrate proteins and, in most cases, in the degradation of the latter. Hsp90-client proteins affected by the inhibition of F(1)F(0)-ATP synthase included ERalpha, mutated p53 (m.p53), Hsp70, Hsp27, and caspase-3 but not Raf-1. This is the first report identifying caspase-3 as a substrate protein of Hsp90. Unlike typical Hsp90 inhibitors, efrapeptin treatment triggers Hsp70 downregulation in parallel with depletion of Hsp90. This suggests that suppression of Hsp90 chaperone function through inhibition of F(1)F(0)-ATP synthase does not result in activation of transcription factor HSF-1, a generally unfavorable consequence of anti-cancer treatments based on Hsp90 inhibition.
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Fredenhagen A, Molleyres LP, Böhlendorf B, Laue G. Structure Determination of Neoefrapeptins A to N: Peptides with Insecticidal Activity Produced by the Fungus Geotrichum candidum. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2006; 59:267-80. [PMID: 16883776 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2006.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The structures of neoefrapeptins A to N, peptides with insecticidal activity, were elucidated. They showed a close similarity to efrapeptin. However, all neoefrapeptins contained the very rare amino acid 1-amino-cyclopropane-carboxylic acid and some of them also contained (2S,3S)-3-methylproline. The neoefrapeptins are the first case, in which these amino acids are found as building blocks for linear peptides. They were identified by comparison of the silylated hydrolyzate to reference material by GC/MS (EI-mode). The sequence was elucidated using mass spectrometry (ESI+ mode). Full scan spectra showed two fragments in high yield, even under mild ionization conditions. MS/MS spectra of these two fragments yielded fragment rich spectra from which the sequence of the compounds was determined almost completely. The proteolytic cleavage with the proteinase papain yielded products that allowed to prove the rest of the sequence and the identity of the C-terminus to efrapeptin. The proteolytic cleavage products allowed furthermore to determine the position of the isobaric amino acids, pipecolic acid and 3-methylproline in neoefrapeptin F, as well as the location of R-isovaline and S-isovaline. Papain digestion was such established as a tool for structure elucidation of peptides rich in alpha,alpha-dialkylated amino acids. CD spectra suggested a 3(10) helical structure for neoefrapeptins A and F.
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Castrillo LA, Roberts DW, Vandenberg JD. The fungal past, present, and future: Germination, ramification, and reproduction. J Invertebr Pathol 2005; 89:46-56. [PMID: 16039305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Stensrud O, Hywel-Jones NL, Schumacher T. Towards a phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps: ITS nrDNA sequence data confirm divergent lineages and paraphyly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 109:41-56. [PMID: 15736862 DOI: 10.1017/s095375620400139x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The ascomycetous genus Cordyceps accommodates endoparasitic species that attack arthropods or other fungi. Analyses of ITS nrDNA sequence data of 72 taxa from the teleomorph genera Cordyceps, Claviceps, Epichloë, and the anamorph genera Akanthomyces, Beauveria, Metarhizium, Hirsutella, Hymenostilbe, Paecilomyces, Polycephalomyces, and Tolypocladium assigned the taxa to four main evolutionary lineages not reflected in the current classification of Cordyceps. Ten subclades were recognized from separate analyses of data subsets. Judged from the ITS phylogenies, Cordyceps spp. with branched stromata were highly supported as a divergent lineage. Host specificity was found to be of limited phylogenetic significance, and several host shifts are suggested to have occurred during the evolution of Cordyceps. Similar ascospore morphology was not reflected in the phyletic groups, and closely related taxa showed large interspecific variation with respect to the number of segments in which the ascospores are divided. However, combinations of selected characters were found to delimitate some lineages, e.g. all Cordyceps spp. that attack hosts in the insect orders Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, and with non-immersed perithecia and clavate to acicular, brightly yellowish to reddish stromata, constituted a separate clade. Furthermore, all Cordyceps spp. with perithecia obliquely immersed in the stroma were recognized as a distinct monophyletic group. This clade is additionally characterized by the formation of anamorphs ascribable to the genus Hymenostilbe. The mycogenous Cordyceps spp. grouped in a separate subclade, interspersed by two cicadaen parasites and all Tolypocladium spp. except T. parasiticum. Tolypocladium and Beauveria were found to be polyphyletic. The included Claviceps and Epichloë taxa appeared to be derived within Cordyceps, thus making Cordyceps paraphyletic as suggested in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyvind Stensrud
- Division of Botany and Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1045, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Bandani AR, Amiri B, Butt TM, Gordon-Weeks R. Effects of efrapeptin and destruxin, metabolites of entomogenous fungi, on the hydrolytic activity of a vacuolar type ATPase identified on the brush border membrane vesicles of Galleria mellonella midgut and on plant membrane bound hydrolytic enzymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1510:367-77. [PMID: 11342173 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(00)00370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The brush border membrane of the insect midgut is an initial site for interaction of insecticidal proteins. We have investigated the possibility that it may contain a target site for two insecticidal fungal toxins, destruxin and efrapeptin, both of which are ATPase inhibitors. We have studied the effects of the toxins on the hydrolytic activity of a vacuolar type ATPase (V-ATPase) that we have identified from Galleria mellonella midgut columnar cell brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) by its cation and pH dependence, sensitivity to proton pump inhibitors and K(m) (0.49 mM ATP). Efrapeptin strongly inhibited the BBMV V-ATPase but destruxin had little effect. We compared the effects of the inhibitors on known plant membrane hydrolytic enzymes, and although the vacuolar pyrophosphatase and plasma membrane ATPase were not inhibited by the toxins, the V-ATPase from mung bean, but not barley, was inhibited (50%) by 10 microM concentrations of both compounds. Different forms of the toxins were tested on the ATPases and destruxin B and efrapeptin F were the most effective. Kinetic analysis showed that the purified forms of both compounds inhibited the V-ATPases uncompetitively and modelling of data for inhibition of the BBMV V-ATPase by efrapeptin at concentrations of 0.06--12 microM yielded a K(i) of 0.125 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Bandani
- IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
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30
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Production of efrapeptins by Tolypocladium species and evaluation of their insecticidal and antimicrobial properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1017/s0953756299001859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Tsantrizos YS, Pischos S, Sauriol F. Structural Assignment of the Peptide Antibiotic LP237-F8, a Metabolite of Tolypocladium geodes. J Org Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jo951837t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youla S. Tsantrizos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1M8, and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Sotiria Pischos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1M8, and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Françoise Sauriol
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1M8, and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2K6, Canada
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Hegedus DD, Khachatourians GG. The impact of biotechnology on hyphomycetous fungal insect biocontrol agents. Biotechnol Adv 1995; 13:455-90. [PMID: 14536097 DOI: 10.1016/0734-9750(95)02006-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The potential for the control of insect pests by entomopathogenic fungi has been touted for decades, if not centuries. Only recently have advances in biotechnology provided the tools for indepth analysis of the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis and host death at the molecular level. This review outlines the current state of knowledge regarding the mode of infection and targets several key components that are amenable to improvement via biotechnology. Realization of the considerable economic potential of fungal bioinsecticides can occur only through a combined and coordinated effort involving fundamental science, formulation technology and field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Hegedus
- Bioinsecticide Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Microbiology and Food Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Identification and directed biosynthesis of efrapeptins in the fungusTolypocladium geodes gams (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes). J Chem Ecol 1991; 17:1953-62. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00992580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/1991] [Accepted: 06/11/1991] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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