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Li R, Yang S, Qiu X, Lu X, Hu Q, Ren X, Wu B, Qi L, Ding X, Xia L, Sun Y. The conserved cysteine residues in Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac protoxin are not essential for the bipyramidal crystal formation. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 163:82-85. [PMID: 30928458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the function of conserved cysteine residues in Cry1Ac protoxin, we constructed a series of Cry1Ac mutants in which single or multiple cysteine residues were replaced with serine. It was found that cysteine substitution had little effect on the protoxin expression and bipyramidal crystal formation. Bioassays using Plutella xylostella larvae showed that two mutants with fourteen cysteine residues in the C-terminal half and all sixteen residues replaced had similar toxicity as wildtype Cry1Ac protoxin. Our study suggests that the conserved cysteine resudues in the Cry1Ac protoxin are not essential for deposition into a bipyramidal crystal even though the C-terminal half was directly involved in crystal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Sisi Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Qiu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Xiuqing Lu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Quanfang Hu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Binbin Wu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Lingling Qi
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Liqiu Xia
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Yunjun Sun
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
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Bravo A. Phylogenetic relationships of Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin family proteins and their functional domains. J Bacteriol 1997; 179:2793-801. [PMID: 9139891 PMCID: PMC179037 DOI: 10.1128/jb.179.9.2793-2801.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Bravo
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos.
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Bhattacharya M, Plantz BA, Swanson-Kobler JD, Nickerson KW. Nonenzymatic Glycosylation of Lepidopteran-Active
Bacillus thuringiensis
Protein Crystals. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993; 59:2666-72. [PMID: 16349021 PMCID: PMC182336 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.8.2666-2672.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We used high-pH anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection to quantify the monosaccharides covalently attached to
Bacillus thuringiensis
HD-1 (Dipel) crystals. The crystals contained 0.54% sugars, including, in decreasing order of prevalence, glucose, fucose, arabinose/rhamnose, galactose, galactosamine, glucosamine, xylose, and mannose. Three lines of evidence indicated that these sugars arose from nonenzymatic glycosylation: (i) the sugars could not be removed by
N
- or
O
-glycanases; (ii) the sugars attached were influenced both by the medium in which the bacteria had been grown and by the time at which the crystals were harvested; and (iii) the chemical identity and stoichiometry of the sugars detected did not fit any known glycoprotein models. Thus, the sugars detected were the product of fermentation conditions rather than bacterial genetics. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of crystal chemistry, fermentation technology, and the efficacy of
B. thuringiensis
as a microbial insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhattacharya
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0343
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Bietlot H, Schernthaner J, Milne R, Clairmont F, Bhella R, Kaplan H. Evidence that the CryIA crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis is associated with DNA. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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