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Yu L, Allen R, Jia L, Sun T, Isakoff SJ, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Kehlmann AM, Zheng H, Ly A, Walmsley CS, Hesler K, Varasteh AN, Pinto CJ, McLoughlin DE, Wu W, Wang X. An Initial Evaluation of Human Plasma cMLC-1: A Potential Protein Biomarker for Trastuzumab-Induced Cardiotoxicity, Breast Cancer Screening and Progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:809715. [PMID: 35592673 PMCID: PMC9113547 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.809715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trastuzumab is a targeted therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. However, trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity (TIC) has been reported when trastuzumab is administered to patients as a single agent or combined with anthracycline. Currently no means for detecting the early onset of TIC such as a protein biomarker is available. In this regard and based on promising results from a preliminary animal study, the potential of cardiac myosin light chain 1(cMLC-1) as a biomarker to predict TIC, screen patients for breast cancer and monitor tumor progression in breast cancer patients was evaluated. Methods Archived plasma samples collected before and after trastuzumab treatment at various fixed time points from 15 HER2+ patients with or without cardiotoxicity, recently collected plasma samples from 79 breast cancer patients (40 HER2+, 39 HER2-), and 46 healthy donors were analyzed for cMLC-1 levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results An elevated plasma cMLC-1 level was found to be associated with TIC in 3 out of 7 (43%) trastuzumab-treated HER2+ breast cancer patients. However, this study provided an opportunity for us to study plasma cMCL-1 levels in breast cancer patients. It was demonstrated that elevated plasma cMCL-1 is associated with breast cancer. The cutoff cMLC-1 concentration is estimated to be 44.99 ng/mL with a sensitivity of 59.49% (95%CI: 48.47%-69.63%) and specificity of 71.74% (95%CI: 57.45% -82.68%). We also found a noticeable but not significantly more elevated plasma cMCL-1 level in HER2- than in HER2+ breast cancer patients with the given sample sizes. As a result, improved sensitivity of 79.49% (95%CI: 64.47%-89.22%) with the specificity of 63.04% (95%CI:48.60%-75.48%) were obtained for cMLC-1 to predict HER2- breast cancer with the cutoff at 37.17 ng/mL. Moreover, this study determined that cMLC-1 level was significantly higher in patients with metastatic breast cancer than in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer. Conclusions While the analysis of cMLC-1 levels in the plasma of a limited number of trastuzumab-treated HER2+ breast cancer patients failed to fully support its identification as a blood protein biomarker for predicting TIC, additional analyses of plasma cMLC-1 levels did significantly establish its correlations with breast cancer and disease progression. Our findings shed light on and filled, to some extent, the gap of knowledge of the potential of cMLC-1 as a blood protein biomarker for screening breast cancer and monitoring disease progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Read Allen
- Termeer Center for Targeted Therapies, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lin Jia
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ting Sun
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Steven J Isakoff
- Termeer Center for Targeted Therapies, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
- Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Allison M Kehlmann
- Termeer Center for Targeted Therapies, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hui Zheng
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amy Ly
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Charlotte S Walmsley
- Termeer Center for Targeted Therapies, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Katherine Hesler
- Termeer Center for Targeted Therapies, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ava N Varasteh
- Termeer Center for Targeted Therapies, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christopher J Pinto
- Termeer Center for Targeted Therapies, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel E McLoughlin
- Termeer Center for Targeted Therapies, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wenjin Wu
- Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Shi Q, Wang Y, Worton R. Modulation of the specificity and activity of a cellular promoter in an adenoviral vector. Hum Gene Ther 1997; 8:403-10. [PMID: 9054515 DOI: 10.1089/hum.1997.8.4-403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most gene therapy studies with recombinant adenoviruses employ viral promoters and lack tissue specificity. To determine whether a tissue-specific cellular promoter inserted into the adenoviral genome can direct the expression of a reporter gene in a tissue-specific manner, recombinant adenoviruses containing a nuclear lacZ gene driven by a human ventricular/slow muscle myosin light chain 1 promoter with and without a muscle creatine kinase enhancer were constructed. The ability of these viruses to express the reporter genes in infected myogenic and nonmyogenic cell lines was studied. Intramuscular injection of these viruses into mice showed that little or no reporter gene expression occurred in muscle fibers, although a relatively high level of lacZ gene expression was observed in surrounding connective tissue. Insertion of adenovirus sequences from the 5' inverted terminal repeat (ITR) region and/or the protein IX region into plasmids resulted in decreased reporter gene expression from myosin light chain 1 promoter in transfected C2C12 myotubes and 293 cells, as well as in injected muscles. These results suggested that negative elements are present in the adenoviral genome. This negative effect seems neither tissue nor species specific. Adenovirus cis-elements that may affect the specificity and activity of a cellular promoter are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Shi
- Department of Genetics and Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Li RK, Jia ZQ, Weisel RD, Mickle DA, Zhang J, Mohabeer MK, Rao V, Ivanov J. Cardiomyocyte transplantation improves heart function. Ann Thorac Surg 1996; 62:654-60; discussion 660-1. [PMID: 8783989 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(96)00389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of cultured cardiomyocytes into myocardial scar tissue may prevent heart failure. METHODS Scar tissue was produced in the left ventricular free wall of 15 rats (weight, 450 g) by cryoinjury. Seven animals had operation only and survived for 8 weeks (sham group). Four weeks after cryoinjury, cultured fetal rat cardiomyocytes or culture medium was injected into the scar tissue of transplantation (n = 5) and control (n = 5) animals, respectively. Five other rats were sacrificed for scar assessment. Eight weeks after cryoinjury heart function in the transplantation, control, and sham groups was measured using a Langendorff preparation. Histologic studies were performed to quantify the extent of the scar and the transplanted cells. RESULTS Four weeks after cryoinjury, 36% +/- 4% (mean +/- 1 standard error) of the left ventricular free wall surface area was scar tissue. At 8 weeks, the scar size had increased (p < 0.01) to 55% +/- 3% in the control group. Although the scar size (43% +/- 2%) in the transplantation group at 8 weeks was not significantly different from that at 4 weeks, it was less (p < 0.05) than that in the control group. Hearts in the sham group had no scar tissue. The transplanted cardiomyocytes had formed cardiac tissue within the myocardial scar. Systolic and developed pressures in the transplantation group hearts were greater (p = 0.0001) than in the control group hearts but less (p < 0.01) than those in the sham group hearts. CONCLUSIONS The transplanted cardiomyocytes formed cardiac tissue in the myocardial scar, limited scar expansion, and improved heart function compared with findings in the control hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Li
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toronto Hospital-General Division, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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