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Chiaberge S, Cassarino E, Mangiarotti G. The phosphorylation of protein S6 modulates the interaction of the 40 S ribosomal subunit with the 5'-untranslated region of a dictyostelium pre-spore-specific mRNA and controls its stability. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:27070-5. [PMID: 9765222 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.42.27070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AC914 mRNA, a pre-spore-specific mRNA that accumulates only in the post-aggregation stage of development, is transcribed constitutively as shown by nuclear run-off experiments and by fusing its promoter to the luciferase reporter gene. The same mRNA disappears quickly from disaggregated cells. If the 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) of the constitutively expressed Actin 15 mRNA is substituted for the 5'UTR of AC914 mRNA, this can no longer be destabilized and accumulates both in growing and disaggregated cells. If the 5'UTR of AC914 mRNA is substituted for the 5'UTR of Actin 15 mRNA, the latter accumulates only in aggregated cells. Pactamycin, but not other inhibitors of protein synthesis, prevents AC914 mRNA from being destabilized in disaggregated cells, suggesting a role of 40 S subunits in the destabilization. This has been confirmed by using an in vitro system in which the in vivo stability of different mRNAs is reproduced. A protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 determines whether 40 S subunits are capable or not of destabilizing AC914 mRNA in the in vitro system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chiaberge
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Ospedale S. Luigi, Orbassano (To), Italy 10043
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Nierlich DP, Murakawa GJ. The decay of bacterial messenger RNA. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 52:153-216. [PMID: 8821261 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D P Nierlich
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles 90024, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Brown
- Biotechnology Unit, Institute of Genetics, University of Glasgow, U.K
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Kano Y, Imamoto F. Evidence for endonucleolytic cleavage at the 5'-proximal segment of the trp messenger RNA in Escherichia coli. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1979; 172:25-30. [PMID: 377022 DOI: 10.1007/bf00276211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The 5'-proximal trp leader RNA segment (about 5S) decays at 2 to 3 times slower rates than the distal trp mRNA sequence. This has been demonstrated by employing the deletion mutants which lack a large portion of the structural genes but retain the promoter-proximal region of the trp operon. Relative stability of the leader RNA is not merely due to the presence of an untranslatable region in the segment; the internal untranslatable segment of trp mRNA downstream from the nonsense alteration site of a double mutant trpAD28.trpE9758 decays as fast as the normal trp mRNA sequence. These results suggest that the trp mRNA is endonucleolytically cleaved to yield the small 5'-proximal leader RNA segment before the distal mRNA decays and that the leader RNA sequence is not subject to usual mode of mRNA decay in the 5' to 3' direction.
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Ono M, Kuwano M. A conditional lethal mutation in an Escherichia coli strain with a longer chemical lifetime of messenger RNA. J Mol Biol 1979; 129:343-57. [PMID: 110942 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kuwano M, Ono M, Endo H, Hori K, Nakamura K, Hirota Y, Ohnishi Y. Gene affecting longevity of messenger RNA: a mutant of Escherichia coli with altered mRNA stability. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1977; 154:279-85. [PMID: 337107 DOI: 10.1007/bf00571283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have screened 897 temperature sensitive growth mutants of E. coli for mutant strains showing longer mRNA half-life. The fate of pulse-labelled RNA was examined at 42 degrees C after cessation of RNA synthesis and with prior exposure to nonpermissive temperature (42 degrees C). Eight stains showed altered turnover of RNA (presumably mRNA), and further analysis on mutant strain JE15144 indicated that the stability of pulse-labeled RNA as well as of tryptophan (trp) mRNA increased four to seven fold over its parental strain at 42 degrees C. At 4 min or 10 min after addition of rifampicin, some 70 to 80% of polyribosome in the growing cells could still be conserved in JE15144 cultured at the nonpermissive temperature while little, if any, polyribosomes remained in its parental strain (PA3092) under the same condition. Two generation times were required for complete stoppage of growth of this mutant strain after shifting to 42 degrees C, and protein synthesis continued at a significant, but slightly reduced, rate at 42 degrees C. However, functional decay of mRNA in the mutant strain, with respect to the capacity for producing peptides, appeared to be similar to the parent strain, with half-lives of 3.5 min in PA3092 and 4.7 min in JE15144.
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Schlessinger D, Jacobs KA, Gupta RS, Kano Y, Imamoto F. Decay of individual Escherichia coli trp messenger RNA molecules is sequentially ordered. J Mol Biol 1977; 110:421-39. [PMID: 321792 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(77)80107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gupta RS, Schlessinger D. Coupling of rates of transcription, translation, and messenger ribonucleic acid degradation in streptomycin-dependent mutants of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1976; 125:84-93. [PMID: 1107319 PMCID: PMC233338 DOI: 10.1128/jb.125.1.84-93.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth rates of streptomycin-dependent mutants varied in proportion to the level of streptomycin supplied; growth also varied characteristically from one dependent strain to another at a given streptomycin concentration. When cells growing at different rates (over a threefold range) were treated with rifampin, direct proportionality was observed for three parameters: (i) the rates of shutoff of transcription of total ribonucleic acid (RNA) and ribosomal RNA, as measured by pulse labeling at later times; (ii) the translation time for molecules of beta-galactosidase; and (iii) the rate of chemical degradation of messenger RNA. In contrast, the rate of functional inactivation of both total and beta-galactosidase messenger RNA was about the same at all growth rates. None of the variations of growth or other parameters were observed in an otherwise isogenic streptomycin-resistant strain treated with streptomycin. Since the mutational change in strd mutants and the site of action of streptomycin are in the 30S ribosomal subunits, it is suggested that the rate of ribosome function is set by the dependent lesion (and the level of streptomycin). One possibility is that the other correlated effects are mechanistically "coupled" to ribosome function, but the apparent coupling could also be an indirect result of differential effects of streptomycin on variables such as ribosomal miscoding and nucleotide pool size. However, since the rate of functional inactivation of messenger RNA is constant even when the RNA is broken down two- to fourfold more slowly, translation yield tends to be proportional to the growth rate of the dependent strains.
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Abstract
The present paper points out lack of evidence to support the presently prevailing concept that E. coli mRNA turnover, in the gene expression process, cannot take place without mRNase(s). The present paper draws attention to possible physicochemical factors involved in the degradation, and advances a notion of non-enzymatic spontaneous degradation of E. coli mRNA in its expression process. This suggested hypothesis helps to explain hitherto reported findings on the mode of E. coli mRNA degradation.
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Turco E, Altruda F, Ponzetto A, Mangiarotti G. Ribosome biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Concerning the limiting step. Biochemistry 1974; 13:4752-7. [PMID: 4609466 DOI: 10.1021/bi00720a011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Cremer K, Schlessinger D. Ca2+ Ions Inhibit Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Degradation, but Permit Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Transcription and Translation in Deoxyribonucleic Acid-coupled Systems from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Cremer K, Silengo L, Schlessinger D. Polypeptide formation and polyribosomes in Escherichia coli treated with chloramphenicol. J Bacteriol 1974; 118:582-9. [PMID: 4597450 PMCID: PMC246791 DOI: 10.1128/jb.118.2.582-589.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In Escherichia coli cultures maximally inhibited with chloramphenicol, formation of polypeptides still continued at a slow, constant rate for at least 90 min. The rate of leucine incorporation was reduced to 0.5%, but methionine was only reduced to 2%, suggesting that chains are normally initiated with methionine but are prematurely released at a short chain length. Consistent with this possibility was the distribution of the products on Sephadex columns: a range of peptides longer than 4 and shorter than 60 to 70 residues was seen. Less than 10% of the peptides broke down during a chase with cold amino acids, and during continuous labeling they accumulated progressively. On the average, one peptide was formed per ribosome every 5 min. Peptide synthesis in the presence of chloramphenicol was still dependent on ribosome translocation; it stopped in a mutant with an inactivated temperature-sensitive elongation factor G. But even in the absence of translocation, new messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) chains were found joined to one or a few ribosomes. The chains had a size distribution comparable to that of mRNA from polyribosomes of growing cells. They were stabilized for an average time of about 5 min, but were more rapidly degraded after puromycin was added to the cells. This suggests that stabilization may be related to the average time spent by a ribosome on an mRNA chain, with or without polypeptide formation.
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Silengo L, Nikolaev N, Schlessinger D, Imamoto F. Stabilization of mRNA with polar effects in an Escherichia coli mutant. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1974; 134:7-19. [PMID: 4617156 DOI: 10.1007/bf00332808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Imamoto F, Schlessinger D. Bearing of some recent results on the mechanisms of polarity and messenger RNA stability. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1974; 135:29-38. [PMID: 4444716 DOI: 10.1007/bf00433898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Midgley JE, Smith RJ. The control of ribonucleic acid synthesis in bacteria. Fluctuations in messenger ribonucleic acid synthesis in cultures recovering from amino acid starvation. Biochem J 1974; 138:155-63. [PMID: 4595730 PMCID: PMC1166190 DOI: 10.1042/bj1380155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the cell content and rate of synthesis of mRNA were studied in auxotrophs of Escherichia coli recovering from a period of amino acid deprivation. Parallel studies were carried out on bacterial strains inhibited with trimethoprim, when glycine and methionine were added to relieve an amino acid deficiency. In the latter case, protein synthesis was still severely inhibited through a lack of N-formylmethionyl-tRNA(fMet) for chain initiation, so that fewer ribosomes were attached to mRNA chains. (1) In RC(str) strains recovering from amino acid starvation, there was a transient oversynthesis of mRNA, but the amounts returned to normal after about a 15-min period of recovery. RC(rel) strains did not show this effect; any extra mRNA accumulated during the previous starvation period was rapidly lost, but no oversynthesis occurred during the resumption of growth. (2) In trimethoprim-inhibited cultures supplemented with glycine and methionine, mRNA was produced at the same rate, relative to stable RNA species, as during normal growth. The evidence implied that decreased rates of ribosome attachment had no effect on the functional or chemical lifetime of the mRNA fraction. This suggests that mRNA stability does not depend on the frequency of translation by ribosomes. (3) Changes in the mRNA contents of trimethoprim-inhibited RC(str) and RC(rel) cultures were noted soon after supplementation with glycine and methionine. These closely followed those observed in cultures recovering from simple amino acid withdrawal.
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Mangiarotti G, Turco E. Ribonuclease activity in Escherichia coli polyribosomes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 38:507-15. [PMID: 4359138 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb03086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pain VM, Clemens MJ. The role of soluble protein factors in the translational control of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. FEBS Lett 1973; 32:205-12. [PMID: 4582153 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(73)80834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Holmes RK, Singer MF. Purification and Characterization of Adenylate Kinase as an Apparent Adenosine Triphosphate-dependent Inhibitor of Ribonuclease II in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kennell D, Bicknell I. Decay of messenger ribonucleic acid from the lactose operon of Escherichia coli as a function of growth temperature. J Mol Biol 1973; 74:21-31. [PMID: 4581286 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Gausing K. Efficiency of protein and messenger RNA synthesis in bacteriophage T4-infected cells of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 1972; 71:529-45. [PMID: 4567464 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(72)80021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Craig E, Cremer K, Schlessinger D. Metabolism of T4 messenger RNA, host messenger RNA and ribosomal RNA in T4-infected Escherichia coli B. J Mol Biol 1972; 71:701-15. [PMID: 4567471 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(72)80033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Wetekam W, Staack K, Ehring R. Relief of polarity in DNA-dependent cell-free synthesis of enzymes of the galactose operon of Escherichia coli. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1972; 116:258-76. [PMID: 4558646 DOI: 10.1007/bf00269770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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