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Dey A, Adithi V, Chatterji D. Co-evolution of RNA polymerase with RbpA in the phylum Actinobacteria. Appl Transl Genom 2012; 1:9-20. [PMID: 27896048 PMCID: PMC5121209 DOI: 10.1016/j.atg.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of RbpA in the backdrop of M. smegmatis showed that it rescues mycobacterial RNA polymerase from rifampicin-mediated inhibition (Dey et al., 2010; Dey et al., 2011). Paget and co-workers (Paget et al., 2001; Newell et al., 2006) have revealed that RbpA homologs occur exclusively in actinobacteria. Newell et al. (2006) showed that MtbRbpA, when complemented in a ∆rbpA mutant of S. coelicolor, showed a low recovery of MIC (from 0.75 to 2 μg/ml) as compared to complementation by native RbpA of S. coelicolor (MIC increases from 0.75 to 11 μg/ml). Our studies on MsRbpA show that it is a differential marker for M. smegmatis RNA polymerase as compared to E. coli RNA polymerase at IC50 levels of rifampicin. A recent sequence-based analysis by Lane and Darst (2010) has shown that RNA polymerases from Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria have had a divergent evolution. E. coli is a representative of Proteobacteria and M. smegmatis is an Actinobacterium. RbpA has an exclusive occurrence in Actinobacteria. Since protein-protein interactions might not be conserved across different species, therefore, the probable reason for the indifference of MsRbpA toward E. coli RNA polymerase could be the lineage-specific differences between actinobacterial and proteobacterial RNA polymerases. These observations led us to ask the question as to whether the evolution of RbpA in Actinobacteria followed the same route as that of RNA polymerase subunits from actinobacterial species. We show that the exclusivity of RbpA in Actinobacteria and the unique evolution of RNA polymerase in this phylum share a co-evolutionary link. We have addressed this issue by a blending of experimental and bioinformatics based approaches. They comprise of induction of bacterial cultures coupled to rifampicin-tolerance, transcription assays and statistical comparison of phylogenetic trees for different pairs of proteins in actinobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Dey
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - V.R. Adithi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dipankar Chatterji
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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Twist KA, Husnain SI, Franke JD, Jain D, Campbell EA, Nickels BE, Thomas MS, Darst SA, Westblade LF. A novel method for the production of in vivo-assembled, recombinant Escherichia coli RNA polymerase lacking the α C-terminal domain. Protein Sci 2011; 20:986-95. [PMID: 21416542 DOI: 10.1002/pro.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The biochemical characterization of the bacterial transcription cycle has been greatly facilitated by the production and characterization of targeted RNA polymerase (RNAP) mutants. Traditionally, RNAP preparations containing mutant subunits have been produced by reconstitution of denatured RNAP subunits, a process that is undesirable for biophysical and structural studies. Although schemes that afford the production of in vivo-assembled, recombinant RNAP containing amino acid substitutions, insertions, or deletions in either the monomeric β or β' subunits have been developed, there is no such system for the production of in vivo-assembled, recombinant RNAP with mutations in the homodimeric α-subunits. Here, we demonstrate a strategy to generate in vivo-assembled, recombinant RNAP preparations free of the α C-terminal domain. Furthermore, we describe a modification of this approach that would permit the purification of in vivo-assembled, recombinant RNAP containing any α-subunit variant, including those variants that are lethal. Finally, we propose that these related approaches can be extended to generate in vivo-assembled, recombinant variants of other protein complexes containing homomultimers for biochemical, biophysical, and structural analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly-Anne Twist
- The Rockefeller University, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fujita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
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Tang H, Severinov K, Goldfarb A, Ebright RH. Rapid RNA polymerase genetics: one-day, no-column preparation of reconstituted recombinant Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:4902-6. [PMID: 7761421 PMCID: PMC41815 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.11.4902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a simple, rapid procedure for reconstitution of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme (RNAP) from individual recombinant alpha, beta, beta', and sigma 70 subunits. Hexahistidine-tagged recombinant alpha subunit purified by batch-mode metal-ion-affinity chromatography is incubated with crude recombinant beta, beta', and sigma 70 subunits from inclusion bodies, and the resulting reconstituted recombinant RNAP is purified by batch-mode metal-ion-affinity chromatography. RNAP prepared by this procedure is indistinguishable from RNAP prepared by conventional methods with respect to subunit stoichiometry, alpha-DNA interaction, catabolite gene activator protein (CAP)-independent transcription, and CAP-dependent transcription. Experiments with alpha (1-235), an alpha subunit C-terminal deletion mutant, establish that the procedure is suitable for biochemical screening of subunit lethal mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08855, USA
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6
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Abstract
Immunological cross-reaction was employed for identification of proteolytic fragments of E. coli RNA polymerase generated both in vitro and in vivo. Several species of partially denatured but assembled RNA polymerase were isolated, which were composed of fragments of the two large subunits, beta and beta', and the two small and intact subunits, alpha and sigma. Comparison of the rate and pathway of proteolytic cleavage in vitro of unassembled subunits, subassemblies, and intact enzymes indicated that the susceptibility of RNA polymerase subunits to proteolytic degradation was dependent on the assembly state. Using this method, degradation in vivo was found for some, but not all, of the amber fragments of beta subunit in merodiploid cells carrying both wild-type and mutant rpoB genes. Although the RNA polymerase is a metabolically stable component in exponentially growing cells of E. coli, degradation of the full-sized subunits was found in two cases, i.e., several temperature-sensitive E. coli mutants with a defect in the assembly of RNA polymerase and the stationary-phase cells of a wild-type E. coli. The in vivo degradation of RNA polymerase was indicated to be initiated by alteration of the enzyme structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ishihama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
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7
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Glass RE, Honda A, Ishihama A. Genetic studies on the beta subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. IX. The role of the carboxy-terminus in enzyme assembly. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1986; 203:492-5. [PMID: 3528752 DOI: 10.1007/bf00422075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of RNA polymerase was studied in Escherichia coli mutants encoding large N-terminal amber fragments of the beta subunit. Whereas the removal of up to 20% of the carboxy-terminus does not prevent the formation of premature core enzyme, the amber fragments seem to interfere with holoenzyme production. These studies permit, therefore, the localization of a region on the beta polypeptide involved in sigma binding.
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Kumar SA. The structure and mechanism of action of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1981; 38:165-210. [PMID: 6170089 DOI: 10.1016/0079-6107(81)90013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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9
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Ishihama A, Shimamoto N, Aiba H, Kawakami K, Nashimoto H, Tsugawa A, Uchida H. Temperature-sensitive mutations in the alpha subunit gene of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. J Mol Biol 1980; 137:137-50. [PMID: 6154799 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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10
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Soloski MJ, Cabrera CV, Esteban M, Holowczak JA. Studies concerning the structure and organization of the vaccinia virus nucleoid. I. Isolation and characterization of subviral particles prepared by treating virions with guanidine-HCL, nonidet-P40, and 2-mercaptoethanol. Virology 1979; 99:209-17. [PMID: 516446 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Ishihama A, Saitoh T. Subunits of RNA polymerase in function and structure. IX. Regulation of RNA polymerase activity by stringent starvation protein (SSP). J Mol Biol 1979; 129:517-30. [PMID: 383996 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Gross GC, Fields DA, Bautz EK. Temperature-sensitive mutants of Escherichia coli with defects in the assembly of RNA polymerase in vitro. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 81:333-8. [PMID: 340222 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Saitoh T, Ishihama A. Biosynthesis of RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli VI. Distribution of RNA polymerase subunits between nucleoid and cytoplasm. J Mol Biol 1977; 115:403-16. [PMID: 338912 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Fukuda R, Ishihama A, Saitoh T, Taketo M. Comparative studies of RNA polymerase subunits from various bacteria. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1977; 154:135-44. [PMID: 408600 DOI: 10.1007/bf00330829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The molecular structure of RNA polymerases from Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella anatum,serratia marcescens, Aerobacter aerogens, Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus subtilis were compared based on:i) inhibition of the enzyme activity by treatment with antibodies against E. coli RNA polymerase subunits;ii) analysis of antibody precipitates by sodium ododecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; and iii) analysis of antibody precipitates by urea-isoelectrofocusing followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-slab gel electrophoresis in the second dimension. All the bacterial RNA polymerases examined cross-react equally with anti-E. COLI HOLOPOLYMERASE BUT EXHIbit different extents of cross-reaction with antibodies against individual subunits. Except for B. subtilis RNA polymerase, the molecular weight and isoelectric point of the enzyme subunits are close to those of E. coli polymerase. However, minor difference were found at least within the resolution of the techniques employed:S. anatum polymerase has sigma subunit larger than E. coli sigma subunit; P. mirabilis enzyme has sigma subunit larger in size and more acidic in charge, and alpha subunit smaller and more basic than corresponding E. coli subunits. The electrophoretic map of B. subtilis enzyme subunits is completely different from that of E. coli enzyme.
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15
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Taketo M, Ishihama A. Biosynthesis of RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli. V. Defects of the subunit assembly in a temperature-sensitive beta subunit mutant. J Mol Biol 1977; 112:65-74. [PMID: 328895 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(77)80156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Takto M, Ishihama A, Kirschbaum JB. Altered synthesis and stability of RNA polymerase holoenzyme subunits in mutants of Escherichia coli with mutations in the beta or beta' subunit genes. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1976; 147:139-43. [PMID: 787754 DOI: 10.1007/bf00267565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria with specific temperature sensitive lethal mutations in the gene for the beta' subunit of RNA polymerase synthesize both the beta and beta' subunits at a several fold higher rate at 42 degrees C than wild-type cells relative to total protein. Synthesis of the alpha and sigma subunits proceeds at essentially the wild-type rates under these conditions. In contrast, a mutant with a temperature sensitive lethal mutation in the beta subunit gene synthesizes beta and beta' at 42 degrees C at slightly lower rates than wild-type, while alpha and sigma synthesis is not significantly altered. In all of the mutants at 42 degrees C, newly synthesized alpha subunits are stable, while the beta, beta' and sigma subunits are rapidly degraded. The apparent uncoupling of betabeta' and alpha subunit synthesis seen in the beta' mutants at 42 degrees C might suggest that the synthesis of these subunits is at least in part controlled by different mechanisms.
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17
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Berge RK, Haarr L, Nygaard AP. Conversion of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to a template independent enzyme. Nucleic Acids Res 1976; 3:1937-45. [PMID: 787928 PMCID: PMC343050 DOI: 10.1093/nar/3.8.1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparations of RNA polymerase (E.C.2.7.7.6) from uninfected Escherichia coli, T4 infected Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus when centrifuged in sucrose gradients in the absence of magnesium ions gave rise to five peaks, all of which were able to form polymers from ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates in the absence of template or primer. All of the peaks obtained from the Escherichia coli enzyme appeared to contain the subunit alpha and beta and, in addition, polypeptides which appeared to be derived from the subunit beta.
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18
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Saitoh T, Ishihama A. Subunits of RNA polymerase in function and structure. VI. Sequence of the assembly in vitro of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. J Mol Biol 1976; 104:621-35. [PMID: 781297 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Taketo M, Ishihama A. Peptide analysis of RNA polymerase alpha subunit from Escherichia coli: comparison of free with assembled form. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1976; 145:311-6. [PMID: 781518 DOI: 10.1007/bf00325829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of tryptic peptides was performed on the unassembled as well as assembled form f alpha subunit of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli. The peptide profiles obtained by Dowex 50 column chromatography of the unassembled alpha subunit prepared from cells, either pulse-labeled or continuously labeled with radioactive lysine or arginine, were essentially identical with those of the alpha subunit from intact RNA polymerase. The results suggest that newly synthesized free alpha subunit is assembled into the polymerase structure without any remarkable modifications. The number of lysine- and arginine-containing peaks were close to the values expected from the amino acid composition of alpha subunit assuming that the two alpha subunits in RNA polymerase core enzyme have identical primary structure.
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20
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Taketo M, Ishihama A. Biosynthesis of RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli. IV. Accumulation of intermediates in mutants defective in the subunit assembly. J Mol Biol 1976; 102:297-310. [PMID: 775104 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(76)80055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Herzfeld F, Kiper M. The reconstitution of Anacystis nidulans DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from its isolated subunits. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 62:189-92. [PMID: 814000 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the blud-green alga Anacystis nidulans was reconstituted from its isolated subunits in the absence of urea. Applying this technique the kinetics and the subunit requirements of the reconstitution process were analyzed. The results reveal differences with respect to the reconstitution of Escherichia coli polymerase. Reconstitution proceeds much more slowly in the case of the A. nidulans enzyme. Reconstitution here is absolutely dependent on the presence of the subunit sigma. On the other hand, the largest of the subunits of Mr=190000 can be fully substituted by a specific degradation product of this subunit of Mr=175000. Heterologous reconstitution between subunits of E. coli and A. nidulans polymerase does not result in active enzyme hybrids, showing a divergent evolution of the structure of this enzyme in these procaryotic organisms.
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22
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Naito S, Ishihama A. Isolation and properties of the transcription complex of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 402:88-104. [PMID: 1098697 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(75)90373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A procedure is described which permits complete separation of a transcription complex formed with template DNA, growing RNA chain and functioning RNA polymerase, from RNA polymerase molecules which have bound to DNA but not initiated RNA synthesis. The method is based on the marked stability of the transcription complex to dissociation by high concentrations of CsCl or CS2SO4 which enable banding the complex after equilibrium centrifugation. With use of the newly developed procedure, affinity of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to T7 phage DNA was found to increase during initiation of RNA synthesis but then decrease concomitant with elongation of RNA chain presumably due to migration of the enzyme to DNA sites of weak affinity. Under the conditions of maximum affinity, the transcription complex contained one core polymerase for each T7 DNA if it was isolated by centrifugation in CsCl; in contrast, 2-6 enzyme molecules remained attached on the complex when the centrifugation was carried out in Cs2SO4. Thus, RNA polymerases bound to different sites of transcription initiation appear to be distinguished based on the affinity of interaction. Attempts are also described to isolate the transcription complex in vivo by Cs2SO4 centrifugation by Brij 58-deoxycholate lysate of lysozyme-treated Escherichia coli cells. The isolated complex contained approx. 50 polymerase molecules per Escherichia coli genome as well as other unidentified proteins.
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Ito K, Iwakura Y, Ishihama A. Biosynthesis of RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli. III. Identification of intermediates in the assembly of RNA polymerase. J Mol Biol 1975; 96:257-71. [PMID: 1100844 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(75)90347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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24
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Stevens A. Inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of E. coli by phospholipids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 65:442-6. [PMID: 1096892 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(75)80113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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25
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PALM P, HEIL A, BOYD D, GRAMPP B, ZILLIG W. The Reconstitution of Escherichia coli DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase from Its Isolated Subunits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb04067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Lill UI, Behrendt EM, Hartmann GR. Hybridization in vitro of subunits of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 52:411-20. [PMID: 800984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb04009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Yarbrough LR, Hurwitz J. The Reversible Denaturation of Deoxyribonucleic Acid-dependent Ribonucleic Acid Polymerase of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)79740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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28
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Harding JD, Beychok S. RNA polymerase assembly in vitro. Temperature dependence of reactivation of denatured core enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:3395-9. [PMID: 4610575 PMCID: PMC433779 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.9.3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Escherichia coli RNA polymerase core molecule, after denaturation in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride, can be completely reactivated in the absence of sigma subunit. Reactivation is temperature dependent. At 4 degrees a renatured-inactive preparation is formed that has most of the secondary structure of the original native molecule but has a reduced sedimentation coefficient and a smaller Stokes radius and is, therefore, of lower molecular weight. Upon warming to 37 degrees the renatured-inactive preparation is converted in a time-dependent process to the renatured-active preparation, which has the same amount of secondary structure and same molecular weight as native RNA polymerase. Since the renatured-inactive material is probably composed of subunit assemblies and can be readily reactivated, it should be useful for studying the subunit interactions and control of assembly of RNA polymerase.
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Fukuda R, Ishihama A. Subunits of RNA polymerase in function and structure; Maturation in vitro of core enzyme from Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 1974; 87:523-40. [PMID: 4613838 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(74)90102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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30
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Iwakura Y, Ito K, Ishihama A. Biosynthesis of RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli. I. Control of RNA polymerase content at various growth rates. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1974; 133:1-23. [PMID: 4214991 DOI: 10.1007/bf00268673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Fukuda R, Iwakura Y, Ishihama A. Heterogeneity of RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli. I. A new holoenzyme containing a new sigma factor. J Mol Biol 1974; 83:353-67. [PMID: 4207198 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(74)90284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Ito K, Ishihama A. Subunits of RNA polymerase in function and structure. 3. Accumulation of the intermediate alpha 2beta in the subunit assembly of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase by treatment with cyanate. J Mol Biol 1973; 79:115-25. [PMID: 4583368 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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