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Jaroensuk J, Atichartpongkul S, Chionh YH, Wong YH, Liew CW, McBee ME, Thongdee N, Prestwich EG, DeMott MS, Mongkolsuk S, Dedon PC, Lescar J, Fuangthong M. Methylation at position 32 of tRNA catalyzed by TrmJ alters oxidative stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:10834-10848. [PMID: 27683218 PMCID: PMC5159551 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria respond to environmental stresses using a variety of signaling and gene expression pathways, with translational mechanisms being the least well understood. Here, we identified a tRNA methyltransferase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14, trmJ, which confers resistance to oxidative stress. Analysis of tRNA from a trmJ mutant revealed that TrmJ catalyzes formation of Cm, Um, and, unexpectedly, Am. Defined in vitro analyses revealed that tRNAMet(CAU) and tRNATrp(CCA) are substrates for Cm formation, tRNAGln(UUG), tRNAPro(UGG), tRNAPro(CGG) and tRNAHis(GUG) for Um, and tRNAPro(GGG) for Am. tRNASer(UGA), previously observed as a TrmJ substrate in Escherichia coli, was not modified by PA14 TrmJ. Position 32 was confirmed as the TrmJ target for Am in tRNAPro(GGG) and Um in tRNAGln(UUG) by mass spectrometric analysis. Crystal structures of the free catalytic N-terminal domain of TrmJ show a 2-fold symmetrical dimer with an active site located at the interface between the monomers and a flexible basic loop positioned to bind tRNA, with conformational changes upon binding of the SAM-analog sinefungin. The loss of TrmJ rendered PA14 sensitive to H2O2 exposure, with reduced expression of oxyR-recG, katB-ankB, and katE. These results reveal that TrmJ is a tRNA:Cm32/Um32/Am32 methyltransferase involved in translational fidelity and the oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthamas Jaroensuk
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand.,Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
| | | | - Yok Hian Chionh
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
| | - Yee Hwa Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Chong Wai Liew
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Megan E McBee
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
| | - Narumon Thongdee
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Erin G Prestwich
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael S DeMott
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Skorn Mongkolsuk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peter C Dedon
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore .,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julien Lescar
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore .,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,UPMC UMRS CR7 - CNRS ERL 8255-INSERM U1135 Centre d' Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Mayuree Fuangthong
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand .,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Bangkok, Thailand
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Xu Y, Vanommeslaeghe K, Aleksandrov A, MacKerell AD, Nilsson L. Additive CHARMM force field for naturally occurring modified ribonucleotides. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:896-912. [PMID: 26841080 PMCID: PMC4801715 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
More than 100 naturally occurring modified nucleotides have been found in RNA molecules, in particular in tRNAs. We have determined molecular mechanics force field parameters compatible with the CHARMM36 all‐atom additive force field for all these modifications using the CHARMM force field parametrization strategy. Emphasis was placed on fine tuning of the partial atomic charges and torsion angle parameters. Quantum mechanics calculations on model compounds provided the initial set of target data, and extensive molecular dynamics simulations of nucleotides and oligonucleotides in aqueous solutions were used for further refinement against experimental data. The presented parameters will allow for computational studies of a wide range of RNAs containing modified nucleotides, including the ribosome and transfer RNAs. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Computational Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Xu
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, HUDDINGE, SE-141 83, Sweden
| | - Kenno Vanommeslaeghe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology (FABI), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, B-1090, Belgium
| | - Alexey Aleksandrov
- Department of Biology, Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire De Biochimie (CNRS UMR7654), Palaiseau, F-91128, France
| | - Alexander D MacKerell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Lennart Nilsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, HUDDINGE, SE-141 83, Sweden
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3
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Guy MP, Podyma BM, Preston MA, Shaheen HH, Krivos KL, Limbach PA, Hopper AK, Phizicky EM. Yeast Trm7 interacts with distinct proteins for critical modifications of the tRNAPhe anticodon loop. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 18:1921-33. [PMID: 22912484 PMCID: PMC3446714 DOI: 10.1261/rna.035287.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional modification of the tRNA anticodon loop is critical for translation. Yeast Trm7 is required for 2'-O-methylation of C(32) and N(34) of tRNA(Phe), tRNA(Trp), and tRNA(Leu(UAA)) to form Cm(32) and Nm(34), and trm7-Δ mutants have severe growth and translation defects, but the reasons for these defects are not known. We show here that overproduction of tRNA(Phe) suppresses the growth defect of trm7-Δ mutants, suggesting that the crucial biological role of Trm7 is the modification of tRNA(Phe). We also provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that Trm7 interacts with ORF YMR259c (now named Trm732) for 2'-O-methylation of C(32), and with Rtt10 (named Trm734) for 2'-O-methylation of N(34) of substrate tRNAs and provide evidence for a complex circuitry of anticodon loop modification of tRNA(Phe), in which formation of Cm(32) and Gm(34) drives modification of m(1)G(37) (1-methylguanosine) to yW (wyebutosine). Further genetic analysis shows that the slow growth of trm7-Δ mutants is due to the lack of both Cm(32) and Nm(34), and the accompanying loss of yW, because trm732-Δ trm734-Δ mutants phenocopy trm7-Δ mutants, whereas each single mutant is healthy; nonetheless, TRM732 and TRM734 each have distinct roles, since mutations in these genes have different genetic interactions with trm1-Δ mutants, which lack m(2,2)G(26) in their tRNAs. We speculate that 2'-O-methylation of the anticodon loop may be important throughout eukaryotes because of the widespread conservation of Trm7, Trm732, and Trm734 proteins, and the corresponding modifications, and because the putative human TRM7 ortholog FTSJ1 is implicated in nonsyndromic X-linked mental retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Guy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Brandon M. Podyma
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Melanie A. Preston
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Hussam H. Shaheen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Kady L. Krivos
- Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, USA
| | - Patrick A. Limbach
- Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, USA
| | - Anita K. Hopper
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Eric M. Phizicky
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
- Corresponding authorE-mail
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4
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Masaki Y, Miyasaka R, Ohkubo A, Seio K, Sekine M. Linear relationship between deformability and thermal stability of 2'-O-modified RNA hetero duplexes. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:2517-24. [PMID: 20108976 PMCID: PMC2825091 DOI: 10.1021/jp909851j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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We describe the relationship between the experimentally determined melting temperatures of 2′-O-modified-RNA/RNA duplexes and their deformability estimated from molecular dynamics simulations. To clarify this relationship, we synthesized several fully modified oligoribonucleotides such as 2′-O-cyanoethyl RNAs and 2′-O-methoxyethyl RNAs and compared the actual melting temperatures of the duplexes with their calculated deformabilities. An increase of the melting temperatures by 2′-O-modifications was found to correlate strongly with an increase of the helical elastic constants in U14/A14, (CU)7/(AG)7, and (GACU)3/(AGUC)3 sequences. Linear regression analyses could be used to estimate the melting temperature with an accuracy of ±2.0 °C in our model case. Although the strong correlation was observed in the same base sequence, the linear regression functions were different from each base sequence. Our results indicated the possibility of predicting the thermal stability of 2′-O-modified duplexes at the computer-aided molecular design stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Masaki
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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5
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Phizicky EM, Alfonzo JD. Do all modifications benefit all tRNAs? FEBS Lett 2009; 584:265-71. [PMID: 19931536 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the universality of tRNA modifications, some tRNAs lacking specific modifications are subject to degradation pathways, while other tRNAs lacking the same modifications are resistant. Here, we suggest a model in which some modifications have minor, possibly redundant, roles in specific tRNAs. This model is consistent with the low specificity of some modification enzymes. Limitations of this model include the limited assays and growth conditions on which these conclusions are based, as well as the high specificity exhibited by many modification enzymes with important roles in translation. The specificity of these enzymes is often enhanced by complex substrate recognition patterns and sub-cellular compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Phizicky
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Kotelawala L, Grayhack EJ, Phizicky EM. Identification of yeast tRNA Um(44) 2'-O-methyltransferase (Trm44) and demonstration of a Trm44 role in sustaining levels of specific tRNA(Ser) species. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2008; 14:158-69. [PMID: 18025252 PMCID: PMC2151035 DOI: 10.1261/rna.811008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A characteristic feature of tRNAs is the numerous modifications found throughout their sequences, which are highly conserved and often have important roles. Um(44) is highly conserved among eukaryotic cytoplasmic tRNAs with a long variable loop and unique to tRNA(Ser) in yeast. We show here that the yeast ORF YPL030w (now named TRM44) encodes tRNA(Ser) Um(44) 2'-O-methyltransferase. Trm44 was identified by screening a yeast genomic library of affinity purified proteins for activity and verified by showing that a trm44-delta strain lacks 2'-O-methyltransferase activity and has undetectable levels of Um(44) in its tRNA(Ser) and by showing that Trm44 purified from Escherichia coli 2'-O-methylates U(44) of tRNA(Ser) in vitro. Trm44 is conserved among metazoans and fungi, consistent with the conservation of Um(44) in eukaryotic tRNAs, but surprisingly, Trm44 is not found in plants. Although trm44-delta mutants have no detectable growth defect, TRM44 is required for survival at 33 degrees C in a tan1-delta mutant strain, which lacks ac(4)C12 in tRNA(Ser) and tRNA(Leu). At nonpermissive temperature, a trm44-delta tan1-delta mutant strain has reduced levels of tRNA(Ser(CGA)) and tRNA(Ser(UGA)), but not other tRNA(Ser) or tRNA(Leu) species. The trm44-delta tan1-delta growth defect is suppressed by addition of multiple copies of tRNA(Ser(CGA)) and tRNA(Ser(UGA)), directly implicating these tRNA(Ser) species in this phenotype. The reduction of specific tRNA(Ser) species in a trm44-delta tan1-delta mutant underscores the importance of tRNA modifications in sustaining tRNA levels and further emphasizes that tRNAs undergo quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakmal Kotelawala
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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Ostrowski T, Maurizot JC, Adeline MT, Fourrey JL, Clivio P. Sugar conformational effects on the photochemistry of thymidylyl(3'-5')thymidine. J Org Chem 2003; 68:6502-10. [PMID: 12919010 DOI: 10.1021/jo030086p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and conformational analysis of 2'-O,5-dimethyluridylyl(3'-5')-2'-O,5-dimethyluridine (1a), the analogue of thymidylyl(3'-5')thymidine (TpT; 1b) in which a methoxy group replaces each 2'-alpha-hydrogen atom, are described. In comparison with TpT, such modification increases the population of the C3'-endo conformer of the sugar ring puckering at the 5'- and 3'-ends from 30 to 75% and from 37 to 66%, respectively. Photolyses of 1a and TpT at 254 nm are qualitatively comparable (the cis-syn cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer and the (6-4) photoproduct are formed), although it is significantly faster in the case of 1a. These results are explained by the increased propensity of the modified dinucleotide to adopt a base-stacked conformation geometry reminiscent of that for TpT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Ostrowski
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
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8
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Torigoe H, Shimizume R, Sarai A, Shindo H. Triplex formation of chemically modified homopyrimidine oligonucleotides: thermodynamic and kinetic studies. Biochemistry 1999; 38:14653-9. [PMID: 10545190 DOI: 10.1021/bi990832d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated effects of chemical modifications of a third strand on the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the triplex formation between a 23-bp duplex and each of four kinds of 15-mer chemically modified third strands using isothermal titration calorimetry and interaction analysis system. The chemical modifications of the third strand included one base modification, with replacement of thymine by uracil; two sugar moiety modifications, RNA and 2'-O-methyl-RNA; and one phosphate backbone modification, with replacement of phosphodiester by phosphorothioate backbone. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters obtained were similar in magnitude at room temperature for the triplex formation with the base-modified and the sugar-modified third strands. By contrast, binding constant for the triplex formation with the third strand containing phosphorothioate backbone was much smaller by a factor of 10 than that for the other triplex formations. Kinetic analyses have also demonstrated that the third strand containing phosphorothioate backbone was much slower in the association step and much faster in the dissociation step than the other third strands, which resulted in the much smaller binding constant. The reason for the instability of the triplex with the third strand containing phosphorothioate backbone will be discussed. We conclude that, at least in the triplex formation with the chemically modified third strands studied in the present work, the modification of phosphate backbone of the third strand produces more significant effect on the triplex formation than the modifications of base and sugar moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Torigoe
- Gene Bank, Tsukuba Life Science Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan.
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Lesnik EA, Freier SM. What affects the effect of 2'-alkoxy modifications? 1. Stabilization effect of 2'-methoxy substitutions in uniformly modified DNA oligonucleotides. Biochemistry 1998; 37:6991-7. [PMID: 9578586 DOI: 10.1021/bi972995c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The thermostability of hybrid duplexes with uniformly 2'-methoxy modified DNA strands (D'R and RD'), their unmodified DNA:RNA counterparts (DR and RD), and corresponded RNA:RNA (RR) duplexes for six sequences with different GC and deoxypyrimidine (dPy) content was measured. The linear correlation between the total stabilization effect of 2'-methoxy modifications (Delta DeltaG(o)37(D'R-DR)) and the relative stability of corresponding unmodified hybrids compared to the RR counterparts (Delta DeltaG(o)37(RR-DR)) suggests that the initial conformational and the thermodynamic state of the "parent" unmodified hybrid governs the effect of 2'-methoxy (and may be other 2'-alkoxy) modifications whose mechanism of action includes an S --> N conformational shift resulting in an RNA-like A-form duplex. We also found a correlation between the "hydrophobic" part of the total effect (Delta DeltaG(o)37(D'R-RR)) and the dA fraction in the modified DNA strand, suggesting that the "hydrophobic" effect of the 2'-methoxy groups results mainly from intraresidue steric effects increasing rigidity of the modified sugar rings. The correlations observed enabled us to predict the stability of hybrids with 2'-methoxy modified DNA strands for any sequence except for sequences with (dU)10 and (dA)10 strings.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Lesnik
- Department of Structural Biology, ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California 92008, USA
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10
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Kawai G, Yamamoto Y, Kamimura T, Masegi T, Sekine M, Hata T, Iimori T, Watanabe T, Miyazawa T, Yokoyama S. Conformational rigidity of specific pyrimidine residues in tRNA arises from posttranscriptional modifications that enhance steric interaction between the base and the 2'-hydroxyl group. Biochemistry 1992; 31:1040-6. [PMID: 1310418 DOI: 10.1021/bi00119a012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to elucidate roles of the 2'-O-methylation of pyrimidine nucleotide residues of tRNAs, conformations of 2'-O-methyluridylyl(3'----5')uridine (UmpU), 2'-O-methyluridine 3'-monophosphate (Ump), and 2'-O-methyluridine (Um) in 2H2O solution were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional proton NMR spectroscopy and compared with those of related nucleotides and nucleoside. As for UpU and UmpU, the 2'-O-methylation was found to stabilize the C3'-endo form of the 3'-nucleotidyl unit (Up-/Ump-moiety). This stabilization of the C3'-endo form is primarily due to an intraresidue effect, since the conformation of the 5'-nucleotidyl unit (-pU moiety) was only slightly affected by the 2'-O-methylation of the 3'-nucleotide unit. In fact even for Up and Ump, the 2'-O-methylation significantly stabilizes the C3'-endo form by 0.8 kcal/.mol-1. By contrast, for nucleosides (U and Um), the C3'-endo form is slightly stabilized by 0.1 kcal/.mol-1. Accordingly, the stabilization of the C3'-endo form by the 2'-O-methylation is primarily due to the steric repulsion among the 2-carbonyl group, the 2'-O-methyl group and the 3'-phosphate group in the C2'-endo form. For some tRNA species, 2-thiolation of pyrimidine residues is found in positions where the 2'-O-methylation is found for other tRNA species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kawai
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Grosjean H, Chantrenne H. On codon- anticodon interactions. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND BIOPHYSICS 1980; 32:347-67. [PMID: 7003350 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-81503-4_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yathindra N, Sundaralingam M. Effect of O(2')-methylation on the stability of polynucleotide helices. Biopolymers 1979; 18:2721-31. [PMID: 508901 DOI: 10.1002/bip.1979.360181106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Abstract
This review is concerned primarily with the physical structure and changes in the structure of RNA molecules. It will be evident that we have not attempted comprehensive coverage of what amounts to a vast literature. We have tried to stay away from particular areas that have been recently reviewed elsewhere. Citations to and information from them are included, however, so that access to the literature is available. Much of what we treat in depth deals with the crystal structures and solution behaviour of model RNA compounds, including synthetic polymers and molecular fragments such as dinucleoside phosphates. Sequence data on natural RNA are cited, but not in detail. Similarly, apart from tRNA, natural RNAs the structural determinations of which are presently not so far advanced, are not dwelt upon. We have tried to present in detail the available structural data with scaled drawings that permit facile comparisons of molecular geometries.
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Stellman SD, Broyde SB, Wartell RM. Influence of ribose 2'-O-methylation on GpC conformation by classical potential energy calculations. Biopolymers 1976; 15:1951-64. [PMID: 963238 DOI: 10.1002/bip.1976.360151007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Yoon K, Turner DH, Tinoco I, Haar F, Cramer F. The kinetics of binding of U-U-C-A to a dodecanucleotide anticodon fragment from yeast tRNA-Phe. Nucleic Acids Res 1976; 3:2233-41. [PMID: 787934 PMCID: PMC343079 DOI: 10.1093/nar/3.9.2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of U-U-C-A binding to the dodecanucleotide (A-Cm-U-Gm-A-A-Y-A-psi-m5C-U-Gp) isolated from the anticodon region of yeast tRNA-Phe are similar to the kinetics of binding of U-U-C-A to intact tRNA-Phe. A large enhancement in binding constant over that predicted for U-U-C-A-U-G-A-A is observed for both the complexes of dodecanucleotide and tRNA-Phe with U-U-C-A. This strongly suggests that both the anticodon loop in tRNA-Phe and the dodecanucleotide can form four base pairs with U-U-C-A. Furthermore, the enhanced stability cannot be attributed to a special conformation of the anticodon loop, but instead the anticodon loop is probably flexible. A likely explanation for the increased binding is the effect of non-base-paired ends. This increased thermodynamic stability comes from a larger entropy gain rather than a larger enthalpy decrease.
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18
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Nazar RN, Sitz TO, Busch H. Tissue specific differences in the 2'-O-methylation of eukaryotic 5.8S ribosomal RNA. FEBS Lett 1975; 59:83-7. [PMID: 178541 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(75)80346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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