Relationship between structure and chemical reactivity in D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Trinitrophenylation of the lysine residues in yeast, sturgeon and rabbit muscle enzyme

[Comparative study on the chemical modification of sulfhydryl groups of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases from yeast and rabbit muscle. The relationship between structure and chemical reactivity]

Chemical modification of cystein 149 residues from yeast apo-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase either by iodoacetamidonaphtol or N-(4-dimethylamino-3,5-dinitrophenyl) maleimide results in the disappearance of free sulfhydryl groups according to "full sites reactivity", whereas loss of the dehydrogenase activity occurs following "half of the sites reactivity". Chemical modification of the same cystein residues of the rabbit muscle apoenzyme by N-(4-dimethylamino-3,5-dinitrophenyl) maleimid shows that both loss of activity and disappearance of the sulphydryl groups may be described as "full sites reactivity" phenomena. After chemical modification by iodoacetamidonaphtol both processes follow "half of the sites reactivity".

Structure and reactivity relationship in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Dinitrophenylation of cysteine residues of yeast and rabbit muscle enzymes

Dinitrophenylation of rabbit muscle and yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases modifies only SH groups. The rabbit muscle apoenzyme loses 75% of its original activity upon dinitrophenylation of two SH groups per tetramer whereas the yeast apoenzyme is totally inactivated under the same conditions. Dinitrophenylation of the active-site cysteine-149 of rabbit muscle and yeast holoenzymes results in an loss of activity corresponding to a 'half-of-the-sites' and a 'full-sites' reactivity, respectively. Determination of the sulphydryl content of the modified enzymes shows an unmasking of the cysteine residues of the dinitrophenylated rabbit muscle apoenzyme which is not observed for the yeast protein. However, conformational changes are revealed for both dinitrophenylated apoenzymes by differential absorption spectroscopy or by limited proteolysis. Sulphydryl group unmasking is not observed after modification of the cysteine residues of the rabbit muscle holoenzyme but it does occur when dinitrophenylation is performed in the presence of two moles NAD+/mole rabbit muscle enzyme. Although the apoenzyme is sensitive to an induced conformational change, our results favour symmetrical structures for both yeast apo and holo enzymes. The bis-dinitrophenylated rabbit muscle apoenzyme presents all the characteristics of an asymmetrical structure; however, it is not possible to deduce whether this symmetry is due to the chemical modification or whether it preexists in the native apoenzyme. The results of the dinitrophenylation of the rabbit holoenzyme, however, indicate that this enzyme possesses an asymmetrical structure.