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Fernet C, Claisse M, Clark-Walker GD. The mitochondrial genome of Debaryomyces (Schwanniomyces) occidentalis encodes subunits of NADH dehydrogenase complex I. Mitochondrion 2005; 2:267-75. [PMID: 16120327 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-7249(03)00006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2002] [Revised: 12/04/2002] [Accepted: 12/16/2002] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
nad genes encoding subunits of the NADH dehydrogenase complex 1 have been revealed in the yeast Debaryomyces (Schwanniomyces) occidentalis. nad1, nad3, nad5, nad6 and most large mitochondrial genes have been located on a circular 41-kb map of mitochondrial DNA from this petite negative species. The genes nad1-nad6 are co-transcribed and the transcription is not inhibited by glucose. Sequences of nad6 and 5'-nad1 compared to homologs in other yeasts indicate better amino acids conservation for nad1 product than for nad6. A cytochrome b deficient mutant dependent on alternative oxidase and functional complex 1 for growth on respirable substrates also exhibits co-transcription of nad1-nad6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Fernet
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, UPR 2167 du CNRS associée a l'UPMC, Paris 6, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France.
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2
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Koszul R, Malpertuy A, Frangeul L, Bouchier C, Wincker P, Thierry A, Duthoy S, Ferris S, Hennequin C, Dujon B. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the pathogenic yeast Candida (Torulopsis) glabrata. FEBS Lett 2003; 534:39-48. [PMID: 12527359 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report here the complete sequence of the mitochondrial (mt) genome of the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata. This 20 kb mt genome is the smallest among sequenced hemiascomycetous yeasts. Despite its compaction, the mt genome contains the genes encoding the apocytochrome b (COB), three subunits of ATP synthetase (ATP6, 8 and 9), three subunits of cytochrome oxidase (COX1, 2 and 3), the ribosomal protein VAR1, 23 tRNAs, small and large ribosomal RNAs and the RNA subunit of RNase P. Three group I introns each with an intronic open reading frame are present in the COX1 gene. This sequence is available under accession number AJ511533.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Koszul
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Levures (URA 2171 du CNRS, UFR 927 Université Pierre et Marie Curie), Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Cedex 15, Paris, France.
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Hardy CM, Clark-Walker GD. Nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 and val-tRNA genes and surrounding sequences from Kluyveromyces lactis K8 mitochondrial DNA. Yeast 1990; 6:403-10. [PMID: 2171241 DOI: 10.1002/yea.320060505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 (cox2) and val-tRNA genes and surrounding regions from Kluyveromyces lactis mitochondrial DNA is reported. Analysis of the coding region shows that the codons CUN (Thr), CGN (Arg) and AUA (Met) are absent in this gene. A single sequence, ATATAAGTAA, identical to the baker's yeast mtRNA polymerase recognition site, was detected upstream of val-tRNA. This sequence is absent from regions between val-tRNA-cox2 and cox2-cox1. In addition a sequence AATAATATTCTT, identical to the mRNA processing site in other yeast mitochondrial genomes is present 32-43 bp downstream to the TAA stop codon for the cox2 gene. Another short conserved sequence of 5 bp, TCTAA, is present upstream of the coding regions of cox2 genes in several yeasts, including K. lactis, but is not present upstream of other genes. Comparison of cox2 sequences from other organisms indicates that the mitochondrial DNA of K. lactis is closely related to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Hardy
- Molecular and Population Genetics Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T
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5
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Restriction enzyme analysis of mitochondrial DNA of the Aspergillus flavus group: A. flavus, A. parasiticus, and A. nomius. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56:2441-52. [PMID: 1976299 PMCID: PMC184747 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.8.2441-2452.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms were identified that clearly distinguish Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, and A. nomius. Mitochondrial DNAs of A. flavus and A. parasiticus were found to be circular, and their size was estimated size to be 32 kilobases. A restriction map was constructed for the mitochondrial genome of an A. parasiticus isolate by using four restriction endonucleases. Four genes tested were found to have the same order as in the mitochondrial genome of A. nidulans. The mitochondrial genome of A. nomius was estimated to be 33 kilobases.
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Hardy CM, Galeotti CL, Clark-Walker GD. Deletions and rearrangements in Kluyveromyces lactis mitochondrial DNA. Curr Genet 1989; 16:419-27. [PMID: 2692854 DOI: 10.1007/bf00340721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Three classes of respiratory deficient mutants have been isolated from a fusant between Kluyveromyces lactis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae that contains only K. lactis mtDNA. One class (15 isolates), resemble rho 0 mutants of S. cerevisiae as they lack detectable mtDNA. A second class (16 isolates), resemble point mutations (mit-) or nuclear lesions (pet-) of S. cerevisiae as no detectable change is found in their mtDNA. The third class (five isolates), with deletions and rearrangements in their mtDNA are comparable to S. cerevisiae petite (rho-) mutants. Surprisingly, three of the five deletion mutants have lost the same 8.0 kb sector of the mtDNA that encompasses the entire cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 gene and the majority of the adjacent cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene. In the other strains, deletions are accompanied by complex rearrangements together with substoiciometric bands and in one instance an amplified sector of 800 bp. By contrast to G + C rich short direct repeats forming deletion sites in S. cerevisiae mtDNA, excision of the 8.0 kb sector in K. lactis mtDNA occurs at an 11 bp A + T rich direct repeat CTAATATATAT. The recovery of three strains manifesting this deletion suggests there are limited sites for intramolecular recombination leading to excision in K. lactis mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Hardy
- Molecular and Population Genetics Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T
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Pfeifer TA, Khachatourians GG. Isolation and characterization of DNA from the entomopathogenBeauveria bassiana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0147-5975(89)90035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shaw JA, Troutman WB, Lasker BA, Mason MM, Riggsby WS. Characterization of the inverted duplication in the mitochondrial DNA of Candida albicans. J Bacteriol 1989; 171:6353-6. [PMID: 2681166 PMCID: PMC210511 DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.11.6353-6356.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Candida albicans contains a large inverted duplication. As is the case with most chloroplast DNAs and one other mtDNA, the nonduplicated regions of the molecule occur in two orientations with respect to each other, indicating that internal recombination occurs. Like some other mtDNAs, the C. albicans mtDNA contains a single SalI restriction site located near one end of the large rRNA gene. In contrast to other cases, however, the inverted duplication does not appear to contain any sequences coding for rRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Shaw
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-0845
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9
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Brunner A, Coria R. Cloning and sequencing of the gene for apocytochrome b of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis strains WM27 (NRRL Y-17066) and WM37 (NRRL Y-1140). Yeast 1989; 5:209-18. [PMID: 2735138 DOI: 10.1002/yea.320050310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The apocytochrome b genes from two strains of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, have been isolated and sequenced. The coding sequences in strains WM27 (NRRL Y-17066) and WM37 (NRRL Y-1140) were identical but the upstream noncoding regions were slightly different. The sequences demonstrated the presence of a continuous open reading frame with no introns. The amino acid sequence, derived from the coding strand, showed 82% homology to the apocytochrome b of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D273-10B and only 58% homology to the protein from Schizosaccharomyces pombe strain 50. CUN and CGN codon families were absent from the K. lactis gene. Codon usage was very similar to that of other mitochondrial genomes with mostly U or A in the third position. There were two unusual features. All threonines were coded by ACA(U) and all arginines by AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brunner
- Depto. de Microbiología, U.N.A.M., México, D.F
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Piskur J. Transmission of yeast mitochondrial loci to progeny is reduced when nearby intergenic regions containing ori sequences are deleted. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1988; 214:425-32. [PMID: 3063946 DOI: 10.1007/bf00330476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNA) from four stable revertant strains generated from high frequency petite forming strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been shown to contain deletions which have eliminated intergenic sequences encompassing ori1, ori2 and ori7. The deleted sequences are dispensable for expression of the respiratory phenotype and mutant strains exhibit the same relative amount of mtDNA per cell as the wild-type (wt) parental strain. These deletion mutants were also used to study the influence of particular intergenic sequences on the transmission of closely linked mitochondrial loci. When the mutant strains were crossed with the parental wt strains, there was a strong bias towards the transmission into the progeny of mitochondrial genomes lacking the intergenic deletions. The deficiency in the transmission of the mutant regions was not a simple function of deletion length and varied between different loci. In crosses between mutant strains which had non-overlapping deletions, wt mtDNA molecules were formed by recombination. The wt recombinants were present at high frequencies among the progeny of such crosses, but recombinants containing both deletions were not detected at all. The results indicate that mitochondrial genomes can be selectively transmitted to progeny and that two particular intergenic regions positively influence transmission. Within these regions other sequences in addition to ori/rep affect transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Piskur
- Plant Molecular Biology, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra
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11
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Piskur J. Sensitivity of intergenic regions of yeast mitochondrial DNA to single-strand-specific nucleases. FEBS Lett 1988; 238:435-40. [PMID: 2844609 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from Torulopsis glabrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae towards single-strand-specific nucleases has been examined. AT-rich stretches located in intergenic sequences from both yeasts were cleaved by nucleases when the sequences were contained in supercoiled plasmid DNA. In particular ori/rep sequences from the mtDNA of S. cerevisiae were shown to be sensitive to the single-strand-specific nucleases. The locations of the sensitive sites were related to the organisation of the sequence domains of ori/rep and the superhelicity of the DNA, as well as the presence of particular sequences. It is proposed that distortions of the DNA duplex could be generated in mtDNA molecules in vivo and that these distortions may provide a substrate for enzymes involved in transmission, recombination and/or transcription of mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Piskur
- Plant Molecular Biology, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra
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12
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Apparent introgression of mitochondrial DNA across a narrow hybrid zone in the Caledia captiva species-complex. Heredity (Edinb) 1988. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1988.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Wolf K, Del Giudice L. The variable mitochondrial genome of ascomycetes: organization, mutational alterations, and expression. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 1988; 25:185-308. [PMID: 3057820 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Wolf
- Institut für Genetik und Mikrobiologie, Universität München, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany
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Hoeben P, Clark-Walker GD. An approach to yeast classification by mapping mitochondrial DNA from Dekkera/Brettanomyces and Eeniella genera. Curr Genet 1986; 10:371-9. [PMID: 3442820 DOI: 10.1007/bf00418409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sequences hybridizing to mitochondrial DNA probes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been mapped in six mitochondrial genomes from the Dekkera/Brettanomyces yeasts and in mtDNA from the closely related Eeniella nana. Sequence order for the 34.5 kbp mtDNA of E. nana is identical to that for mtDNAs from B. custersianus (28.5 kbp) and B. naardenensis (41.7 kbp) thereby suggesting that the former yeast is affiliated with the latter two species. A closer relationship is suggested for D. intermedia and D. bruxellensis as mtDNAs from these yeasts, 73.2 and 85.0 kbp respectively, have the same sequence order and mostly common restriction endonuclease sites. Differences between the two molecules are reminiscent of those found in mtDNA polymorphisms of S. cerevisiae strains thereby suggesting that the two Dekkera yeasts are variants of a single species. An unusual feature of the Dekkera species mtDNA is an inversion of the cytochrome b hybridizable region relative to the LrRNA sequence. Likewise mtDNA from B. anomalus (57.7 kbp) has an inversion of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 sequence with respect to the LrRNA sequence. By contrast the largest mtDNA (101.1 kbp) from B. custersii has the cytochrome b and LrRNA sequences in the same orientation. In addition hybridizable regions in this mtDNA are found in three clusters that are separated by several thousand base pairs of sequence deficient in restriction endonuclease sites. This observation together with the low guanine and cytosine content of the mtDNA suggests that the regions separating the sequence clusters are mostly adenine and thymine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hoeben
- Department of Genetics, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra City, ACT
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Abstract
We have cloned and sequenced a region of the Torulopsis glabrata mitochondrial genome homologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae var1 gene (var1Sc). An open reading frame that could encode a protein of 339 amino acids was found with 72.7% amino acid and 85.3% nucleotide sequence homology to the S. cerevisiae var1 gene. The T. glabrata gene (var1Tg) is transcribed yielding two stable RNAs, a more abundant 13.5 S RNA and a less abundant 18 S species. We have also identified a candidate for a T. glabrata var1 protein among mitochondrial translation products labeled in isolated mitochondria. The var1Tg gene is even more A + T-rich (93%) than var1Sc (89.6%) and has conserved the strong codon bias of var1Sc. Major differences between the two sequences were found. Significant among these are that no GC clusters are found in var1Tg and the sequences surrounding each of the sites where known polymorphisms exist in var1Sc have deletions at the corresponding sites in var1Tg. These data are discussed with respect to possible origins of these var1 genes and translocation of GC clusters in S. cerevisiae mitochondrial DNA.
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Zimmer M, Lückemann G, Lang BF, Wolf K. The mitochondrial genome of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 3. Gene mapping in strain EF1 (CBS 356) and analysis of hybrids between the strains EF1 and ade7-50h-. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1984; 196:473-81. [PMID: 6094975 DOI: 10.1007/bf00436195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Schizosaccharomyces pombe strain EF1 (CBS 356) is haploid, prototrophic, respiratory competent, and of homothallic mating type. From restriction enzyme analysis the length of the mitochondrial genome is 17.3 kilobase pairs, which is in good agreement with the value of 17.1 kilobase pairs determined by electron microscopy. The mitochondrial genome of strain EF1 is thus about 2.3 kilobase pairs shorter than that of strain ade7-50h- (about 19.4 kilobase pairs). A restriction map was constructed for 11 enzymes: For most, but not all of them, the pattern is nearly identical to that of strain ade7-50h-. The genes for the large ribosomal RNA, the subunits 1, 2, and 3 of cytochrome c oxidase, subunits 6 and 9 of ATP synthetase, and cytochrome b were localized by hybridization with mitochondrial DNA probes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene order was found to be the same in both yeast strains. From Southern hybridization of strain ade7-50h- with nick-translated mitochondrial DNA from strain EF1 it is evident that strain EF1 does not possess the intron, which is present in the cytochrome b gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe strain ade7-50h-. Crosses between strain ade7-50h- and EF1 demonstrate that both the nuclear and the mitochondrial genomes are able to recombine. The mitochondrial genomes of 2 out of 30 independently isolated hybrids between the two strains are described as the result of recombination between the two parental mitochondrial genomes.
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Lang BF, Wolf K. The mitochondrial genome of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 2. Localization of genes by interspecific hybridization in strain ade7-50h- and cloning of the genome in small fragments. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1984; 196:465-72. [PMID: 6094974 DOI: 10.1007/bf00436194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of 18 small overlapping restriction fragments has been cloned, covering the complete mitochondrial genome of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. By hybridizing mitochondrial gene probes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Neurospora crassa with restriction fragments of Schizosaccharomyces pombe mitochondrial DNA, the following homologous genes were localized on the mitochondrial genome of S. pombe: cob, cox1, cox2 and cox3, ATPase subunit 6 and 9 genes, the large rRNA gene and both types of open reading frames occurring in mitochondrial introns of various ascomycetes. The region of the genome, hybridizing with cob exon probes is separated by an intervening sequence of about 2500 bp, which is homologous with the first two introns of the cox1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (class II introns according to Michel et al. 1982). Similarly, in the cox1 homologous region, which covers about 4000 bp, two regions were detected hybridizing with class I intron probes, suggesting the existence of two cox1 introns in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Hybridization with several specific exon probes with a determined order has revealed that cob, cox1, cox3 and the large rRNA gene are all transcribed from the same DNA strand. The low intensities of hybridization signals suggest a large evolutionary distance between Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Neurospora crassa mitochondrial genes. Considering the length of the mitochondrial DNA of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (about 19.4 kbp) and the expected length of the localized genes and intron sequences there is enough space left for encoding the expected set of tRNAs and the small rRNA gene. The existence of leader-, trailer-, ori- and spacer sequences or further unassigned reading frames is then restricted to a total length of about 3000 bp only.
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The mitochondrial DNA of the yeast Hansenula petersonii: genome organization and mosaic genes. Curr Genet 1984; 8:449-55. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00433911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/1984] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Sederoff
- Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27650, USA
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Clark-Walker GD, McArthur CR, Sriprakash KS. Order and orientation of genic sequences in circular mitochondrial DNA from Saccharomyces exiguus: implications for evolution of yeast mtDNAs. J Mol Evol 1983; 19:333-41. [PMID: 6315961 DOI: 10.1007/bf02101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mapping of sequences specifying the large and small ribosomal RNAs and six polypeptides in the circular 23.7 kbp mitochondrial DNA of Saccharomyces exiguus has shown that these genes have the same orientation and that a 5 gene cluster is common to this DNA and the 18.9 kbp mtDNA from Torulopsis glabrata. Included in the preserved region are juxtaposed sequences specifying ATPase subunits 6 and 9 which have the same order and orientation as analogous genes in the Escherichia coli unc operon. The above data, together with knowledge that these two sequences are dispersed in larger yeast mtDNAs, leads us to suggest that larger forms are derived from a smaller ancestral molecule that would have had some resemblance to the mtDNAs of S. exiguus and T. glabrata.
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Clark-Walker GD, Sriprakash KS. Analysis of a five gene cluster and unique orientation of large genic sequences in Torulopsis glabrata mitochondrial DNA. J Mol Evol 1983; 19:342-5. [PMID: 6315962 DOI: 10.1007/bf02101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of gene order and orientation in the circular 18.9 kbp mitochondrial DNA molecule of Torulopsis glabrata has shown that the eight large genic sequences have the same orientation and that a five gene cluster which runs--cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase subunit 1, ATPase subunits 6 and 9 and cytochrome oxidase subunit 2--is common to this DNA and Saccharomyces exiguus mtDNA (see accompanying paper).
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Collins RA, Lambowitz AM. Structural variations and optional introns in the mitochondrial DNAs of Neurospora strains isolated from nature. Plasmid 1983; 9:53-70. [PMID: 6300945 DOI: 10.1016/0147-619x(83)90031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNAs from ten wild-type Neurospora crassa, Neurospora intermedia, and Neurospora sitophila strains collected from different geographical areas were screened for structural variations by restriction enzyme analysis. The different mtDNAs show much greater structural diversity, both within and among species, than had been apparent from previous studies of mtDNA from laboratory N. crassa strains. The mtDNAs range in size from 60 to 73 kb, and both the smallest and largest mtDNAs are found in N. crassa strains. In addition, four strains contain intramitochondrial plasmid DNAs that do not hybridize with the standard mtDNA. All of the mtDNA species have a basically similar organization. A 25-kb region that includes the rRNA genes and most tRNA genes shows very strong conservation of restriction sites in all strains. The 2.3-kb intron found in the large rRNA gene in standard N. crassa mtDNAs is present in all strains examined, including N. intermedia and N. sitophila strains. The size differences between the different mtDNAs are due to insertions or deletions that occur outside of the rRNA-tRNA region. Restriction enzyme and heteroduplex mapping suggest that four of these insertions are optional introns in the gene encoding cytochrome oxidase subunit I. Mitochondrial DNAs from different wild-type strains contain zero, one, three, or four of these introns.
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Mahler HR. The exon:intron structure of some mitochondrial genes and its relation to mitochondrial evolution. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1983; 82:1-98. [PMID: 6352548 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Naora H, Deacon NJ. Relationship between the total size of exons and introns in protein-coding genes of higher eukaryotes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1982; 79:6196-200. [PMID: 6959108 PMCID: PMC347086 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.20.6196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We have attempted to ascertain the correlation between the genetic information content in the exons and the surrounding intron sequences with regard to their spatial arrangement within a gene. A comparison is made of the sizes, taken from recent publications, of exons and introns of approximately equal to 80 different protein-coding chromosomal genes, mostly from higher eukaryotes. The exons of these genes do not show very marked variation in size and can be classified into three major discrete and two minor additional size groups, whereas individual introns vary considerably in size within and between genes. Notwithstanding, the overall length of all introns present within a given gene is a function of the total size, mostly corresponding to the total genetic information content, of the exons. Three cases that violate this exon-size dependency of introns are genes coding for (i) histone H1, feather keratin, and interferons, (ii) tubulin and actin, and (iii) silk fibroin. The exons of these genes are larger than 0.7 kilobase pair in total size and the genes show a strong sequence homogeneity among the repetitious family members or internal repeats of coding sequences within the gene. We propose that conservation of sequences, which is required by the family members, internal repeats, or the entire gene, would actually motivate the removal of introns.
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Wright RM, Horrum MA, Cummings DJ. Are mitochondrial structural genes selectively amplified during senescence in Podospora anserina? Cell 1982; 29:505-15. [PMID: 6288260 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and transcriptional maps have been constructed for the mitochondrial genome of the Ascomycete Podospora anserina. These data have been plotted on the restriction maps for Sal I, Xho I, Bam HI, Eco RI, BgI II and Hae III. We have characterized and cloned a new and unique senescent mitochondrial DNA (beta-event senDNA) and have organized all of the recognized senDNAs on the genomic maps. We make the observation that all of the known and characterized senDNAs are derived from specific genes or gene regions of the young mitochondrial genome. We have unambiguously assigned the alpha-event senDNA (the 2.6 kb monomer) to the oxi3 gene locus and the beta-event senDNA to the oxi2 gene locus.
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