1
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Das A, Jana G, Sing S, Basu A. Insights into the interaction and inhibitory action of palmatine on lysozyme fibrillogenesis: Spectroscopic and computational studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131703. [PMID: 38643915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Interaction under amyloidogenic condition between naturally occurring protoberberine alkaloid palmatine and hen egg white lysozyme was executed by adopting spectrofluorometric and theoretical molecular docking and dynamic simulation analysis. In spetrofluorometric method, different types of experiments were performed to explore the overall mode and mechanism of interaction. Intrinsic fluorescence quenching of lysozyme (Trp residues) by palmatine showed effective binding interaction and also yielded different binding parameters like binding constant, quenching constant and number of binding sites. Synchronous fluorescence quenching and 3D fluorescence map revealed that palmatine was able to change the microenvironment of the interacting site. Fluorescence life time measurements strongly suggested that this interaction was basically static in nature. Molecular docking result matched with fluorimetric experimental data. Efficient drug like interaction of palmatine with lysozyme at low pH and high salt concentration prompted us to analyze its antifibrillation potential. Different assays and microscopic techniques were employed for detailed analysis of lysozyme amyloidosis.Thioflavin T(ThT) assay, Congo Red (CR) assay, 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) assay, Nile Red (NR) assay, anisotropy and intrinsic fluorescence measurements confirmed that palmatine successfully retarded and reduced lysozyme fibrillation. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) further reiterated the excellent antiamyloidogenic potency of palmatine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Das
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, India
| | - Gouranga Jana
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, India
| | - Shukdeb Sing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, India
| | - Anirban Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, India.
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2
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The contribution of individual residues of an aggregative hexapeptide derived from the human γD-crystallin to its amyloidogenicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:182-192. [PMID: 34998884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human γD-crystallin protein is abundant in the lens and is essential for preserving lens transparency. With age the protein may lose its native structure resulting in the formation of cataract. We recently reported an aggregative peptide, 41Gly-Cys-Trp-Met-Leu-Tyr46 from the human γD-crystallin, termed GDC6, exhibiting amyloidogenic properties in vitro. Here, we aimed to determine the contribution of each residue of the GDC6 to its amyloidogenicity. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations revealed that the residues Trp, Leu, and Tyr played an important role in the amyloidogenicity of GDC6 by facilitating inter-peptide main-chain hydrogen bonds, and π-π interactions. MD predictions were further validated using single-, double- and triple-alanine-substituted GDC6 peptides in which their amyloidogenic propensity was individually evaluated using complementary biophysical techniques including Thioflavin T assay, turbidity assay, CD spectroscopy, and TEM imaging. Results revealed that the substitution of Trp, Leu, and Tyr together by Ala completely abolished aggregation of GDC6 in vitro, highlighting their importance in the amyloidogenicity of GDC6.
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3
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Chun SY, Son MK, Park CR, Lim C, Kim HI, Kwak K, Cho M. Direct observation of protein structural transitions through entire amyloid aggregation processes in water using 2D-IR spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4482-4489. [PMID: 35656138 PMCID: PMC9020176 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06047c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid proteins that undergo self-assembly to form insoluble fibrillar aggregates have attracted much attention due to their role in biological and pathological significance in amyloidosis. This study aims to understand the amyloid aggregation dynamics of insulin (INS) in H2O using two-dimensional infrared (2D-IR) spectroscopy. Conventional IR studies have been performed in D2O to avoid spectral congestion despite distinct H–D isotope effects. We observed a slowdown of the INS fibrillation process in D2O compared to that in H2O. The 2D-IR results reveal that different quaternary structures of INS at the onset of the nucleation phase caused the distinct fibrillation pathways of INS in H2O and D2O. A few different biophysical analysis, including solution-phase small-angle X-ray scattering combined with molecular dynamics simulations and other spectroscopic techniques, support our 2D-IR investigation results, providing insight into mechanistic details of distinct structural transition dynamics of INS in water. We found the delayed structural transition in D2O is due to the kinetic isotope effect at an early stage of fibrillation of INS in D2O, i.e., enhanced dimer formation of INS in D2O. Our 2D-IR and biophysical analysis provide insight into mechanistic details of structural transition dynamics of INS in water. This study demonstrates an innovative 2D-IR approach for studying protein dynamics in H2O, which will open the way for observing protein dynamics under biological conditions without IR spectroscopic interference by water vibrations. This study aims to understand the structural transition dynamics of INS during amyloid aggregation in H2O using 2D-IR spectroscopy. The results show that distinct fibrillations in D2O and H2O originated from different quaternary structures of INS.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Chun
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Kook Son
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
- Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
- Single Cell Analysis Laboratory, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Ri Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
- Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
- Single Cell Analysis Laboratory, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Chaiho Lim
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Hugh I Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
- Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
- Single Cell Analysis Laboratory, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwon Kwak
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
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4
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Basu A, Mahammad A, Das A. Inhibition of the formation of lysozyme fibrillar assemblies by the isoquinoline alkaloid coralyne. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06007d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The isoquinoline alkaloid coralyne can efficiently attenuate fibrillogenesis in lysozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, India
| | - Adil Mahammad
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, India
| | - Arindam Das
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, India
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5
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Dehghani M, Jalal R, Rashidi MR. Kinetic and thermodynamic insights into the interaction of Aβ1-42 with astaxanthin and aggregation behavior of Aβ1-42: Surface plasmon resonance, microscopic, and molecular docking studies. Biophys Chem 2021; 275:106612. [PMID: 33984664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ1-42) aggregation is considered as an important process in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Astaxanthin (ATX), a xanthophyll carotenoid, has a broad range of biological activities such as neuroprotective one. The present study aimed to elucidate the interaction of ATX with Aβ1-42, as well as its effect on Aβ1-42 aggregates under different conditions. Based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) results, ATX possessed a high affinity towards Aβ1-42 and the binding process was spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy-driven. Additionally, the binding affinity of ATX to Aβ1-42 was glucose and insulin concentration-dependent. Hydrophobic interactions may play an important role in the interaction between ATX and Aβ1-42. The results of SPR, thioflavin T (ThT), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses represented the dependency of the anti-amyloid activity of ATX on glucose, insulin, and ATX concentrations. Further, molecular docking results indicated the presence of some same binding sites on Aβ1-42 for ATX and glucose, as well as ATX and insulin, which suggests the possible competition between the molecules for Aβ1-42 binding. Furthermore, the MTT results confirmed that ATX effect on the viability of Aβ1-42-treated PC12 cells was dependent on glucose, insulin, and ATX concentrations. In general, the results provided further insights into the interaction between Aβ1-42 and ATX, as well as the effect of ATX on Aβ1-42 aggregates under various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moharram Dehghani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Razieh Jalal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rashidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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6
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Solubilization of Congo red into non-ionic bolaform sugar based surfactant: A multi spectroscopic approach. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Kanchi PK, Dasmahapatra AK. Enhancing the binding of the β-sheet breaker peptide LPFFD to the amyloid-β fibrils by aromatic modifications: A molecular dynamics simulation study. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 92:107471. [PMID: 33706107 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's is a fatal neurodegenerative disease for which there is no cure at present. The disease is characterized by the presence of plaques in the brains of a patient, which are composed mainly of aggregates of the amyloid-β peptide in the form of β-sheet fibrils. Here, we investigated the possibility of exploiting the superior binding ability of aromatic amino acids to a particular model of the amyloid-β fibrils. which is a difficult target for drug design. The β-sheet breaker peptide LPFFD was modified with aromatic amino acids and its binding to these fibrils was studied. We found that the orientation and the electrostatic complementarity of the modified peptide with respect to the fibrils played a crucial role in determining whether its binding was improved by the aromatic amino acids. The modified LPFFD peptides were able to bind to those fibril residues. which are important in the aggregation of amyloid-β peptides and thus can potentially inhibit the further aggregation of the amyloid-beta peptides by blocking their interactions. We found that the tryptophan modified LPFFD peptides had the best binding affinities. In most cases, the aromatic amino acids in the N-terminus of the modified peptides made more contacts with the fibrils than those in the C-terminus. We also found that increasing the aromatic content did not significantly improve the binding of the LPFFD peptide to the fibrils. Our study can serve as a basis for the design of novel peptide-based drugs for Alzheimer's disease in which aromatic interactions play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Krishna Kanchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Dasmahapatra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India; Center for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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8
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Ratha BN, Kar RK, Brender JR, Pariary R, Sahoo B, Kalita S, Bhunia A. High-resolution structure of a partially folded insulin aggregation intermediate. Proteins 2020; 88:1648-1659. [PMID: 32683793 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Insulin has long been served as a model for protein aggregation, both due to the importance of aggregation in the manufacture of insulin and because the structural biology of insulin has been extensively characterized. Despite intensive study, details about the initial triggers for aggregation have remained elusive at the molecular level. We show here that at acidic pH, the aggregation of insulin is likely initiated by a partially folded monomeric intermediate. High-resolution structures of the partially folded intermediate show that it is coarsely similar to the initial monomeric structure but differs in subtle details-the A chain helices on the receptor interface are more disordered and the B chain helix is displaced from the C-terminal A chain helix when compared to the stable monomer. The result of these movements is the creation of a hydrophobic cavity in the center of the protein that may serve as nucleation site for oligomer formation. Knowledge of this transition may aid in the engineering of insulin variants that retain the favorable pharamacokinetic properties of monomeric insulin but are more resistant to aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhisma N Ratha
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajiv K Kar
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Jeffrey R Brender
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ranit Pariary
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Sujan Kalita
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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9
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Stanković IM, Niu S, Hall MB, Zarić SD. Role of aromatic amino acids in amyloid self-assembly. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:949-959. [PMID: 32199918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Amyloids are proteins of a cross-β structure found as deposits in several diseases and also in normal tissues (nails, spider net, silk). Aromatic amino acids are frequently found in amyloid deposits. Although they are not indispensable, aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, enhance significantly the kinetics of formation and thermodynamic stability, while tape or ribbon-like morphology is represented in systems with experimentally detected π-π interactions between aromatic rings. Analysis of geometries and energies of the amyloid PDB structures indicate the prevalence of aromatic-nonaromatic interactions and confirm that aromatic-aromatic interactions are not crucial for the amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuqiang Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Michael B Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Snežana D Zarić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg, 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P. O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar.
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10
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L. Almeida Z, M. M. Brito R. Structure and Aggregation Mechanisms in Amyloids. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051195. [PMID: 32155822 PMCID: PMC7179426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of a polypeptide chain into amyloid fibrils and their accumulation and deposition into insoluble plaques and intracellular inclusions is the hallmark of several misfolding diseases known as amyloidoses. Alzheimer′s, Parkinson′s and Huntington’s diseases are some of the approximately 50 amyloid diseases described to date. The identification and characterization of the molecular species critical for amyloid formation and disease development have been the focus of intense scrutiny. Methods such as X-ray and electron diffraction, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ssNMR) and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have been extensively used and they have contributed to shed a new light onto the structure of amyloid, revealing a multiplicity of polymorphic structures that generally fit the cross-β amyloid motif. The development of rational therapeutic approaches against these debilitating and increasingly frequent misfolding diseases requires a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the amyloid cascade. Here, we review the current knowledge on amyloid fibril formation for several proteins and peptides from a kinetic and thermodynamic point of view, the structure of the molecular species involved in the amyloidogenic process, and the origin of their cytotoxicity.
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11
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Baram M, Miller Y. Inhibitory Activity of Insulin on Aβ Aggregation Is Restricted Due to Binding Selectivity and Specificity to Polymorphic Aβ States. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:445-452. [PMID: 31899862 PMCID: PMC7467570 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
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Clinical
trials of intranasal insulin treatment for Alzheimer’s
patients have shown cognitive and memory improvement, but the effect
of insulin has shown a limitation. It was suggested that insulin molecule
binds to Aβ aggregates and impedes Aβ aggregation. Yet,
the specific interactions between insulin molecule and Aβ aggregates
at atomic resolution are still elusive. Three main conclusions are
observed in this work. First, insulin can interact across the fibril
only to “U-shape” Aβ fibrils and not to “S-shape”
Aβ fibrils. Therefore, insulin is not expected to influence
the “S-shape” Aβ fibrils. Second, insulin disrupts
β-strands along Aβ fibril-like oligomers via interaction
with chain A, which is not a part of the recognition motif. It is
suggested that insulin affects as an inhibitor of Aβ fibrillation,
but it is limited due to the specificity of the polymorphic Aβ
fibril-like oligomer. Third, the current work proposes that insulin
promotes Aβ aggregation, when interacting along the fibril axis
of Aβ fibril-like oligomer. The coaggregation could be initiated
via the recognition motif. The lack of the interactions of insulin
in the recognition motif impede the coaggregation of insulin and Aβ.
The current work reports the specific binding domains between insulin
molecule and polymorphic Aβ fibril-like oligomers. This research
provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of the functional
activity of insulin on Aβ aggregation that strongly depends
on the particular polymorphic Aβ aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Baram
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
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12
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Vus K, Girych M, Trusova V, Gorbenko G, Kurutos A, Vasilev A, Gadjev N, Deligeorgiev T. Cyanine dyes derived inhibition of insulin fibrillization. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.11.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Congo Red and amyloids: history and relationship. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181415. [PMID: 30567726 PMCID: PMC6331669 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staining with Congo Red (CR) is a qualitative method used for the identification of amyloids in vitro and in tissue sections. However, the drawbacks and artefacts obtained when using this dye can be found both in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of scientific data from previous studies shows that CR staining alone is not sufficient for confirmation of the amyloid nature of protein aggregates in vitro or for diagnosis of amyloidosis in tissue sections. In the present paper, we describe the characteristics and limitations of other methods used for amyloid studies. Our historical review on the use of CR staining for amyloid studies may provide insight into the pitfalls and caveats related to this technique for researchers considering using this dye.
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Millan S, Satish L, Bera K, Sahoo H. Binding and inhibitory effect of the food colorants Sunset Yellow and Ponceau 4R on amyloid fibrillation of lysozyme. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05827j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrillogenesis of proteins is known to be the root cause of a large number of diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's disease, spongiform encephalopathy, amyloid polyneuropathy, type-II diabetes, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabera Millan
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology (NIT)
- Rourkela-769008, Sundergarh
- India
| | - Lakkoji Satish
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology (NIT)
- Rourkela-769008, Sundergarh
- India
| | - Krishnendu Bera
- CEITEC MU
- Masaryk University
- Kamenice 753/5
- 625 00 Brno
- Czech Republic
| | - Harekrushna Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology (NIT)
- Rourkela-769008, Sundergarh
- India
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15
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Dapson RW. Amyloid from a histochemical perspective. A review of the structure, properties and types of amyloid, and a proposed staining mechanism for Congo red staining. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:543-556. [PMID: 30403893 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1528385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid is a diverse group of unrelated peptides or proteins that have positive functionality or are associated with various pathologies. Despite vast differences, all amyloids share several features that together uniquely define the group. 1) All amyloids possess a characteristic cross-ß pattern with X-ray diffraction typical of ß-sheet secondary protein structures. 2) All amyloids are birefringent and dichroic under polarizing microscopy after staining with Congo red, which indicates a crystalline-like (ordered) structure. 3) All amyloids cause a spectral shift in the peak wavelength of Congo red with conventional light microscopy due to perturbation of π electrons of the dye. 4) All amyloids show heightened intensity of fluorescence with Congo red, which suggests an unusual degree of packing of the dye onto the substrate. The ß portion of amyloid molecules, the only logical substrate for specific Congo red staining under histochemical conditions, consists of a stack of ß-sheets laminated by hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions between adjacent pairs. Only the first and last ß-sheets are accessible to dyes. Each sheet is composed of numerous identical peptides running across the width of the sheet and arranged in parallel with side chains in register over the length of the fibril. Two sets of grooves are bordered by side chains. X grooves run perpendicular to the long axis of the fibril; these grooves are short (the width of the sheet) and number in the hundreds or thousands. Y grooves are parallel with the long axis. Each groove runs the entire length of the fibril, but there are very few of them. While Congo red is capable of ionic bonding with proteins via two sulfonic acid groups, physical constraints on the staining solution preclude ionic interactions. Hydrogen bonding between dye amine groups and peptide carbonyls is the most likely primary bonding mechanism, because all ß-sheets possess backbone carbonyls. Various amino acid residues may form secondary bonds to the dye via any of three van der Waals forces. It is possible that Congo red binds within the Y grooves, but that would not produce the characteristic staining features that are the diagnostic hallmarks of amyloid. Binding in the X grooves would produce a tightly packed series of dye molecules over the entire length of the fibril. This would account for the signature staining of amyloid by Congo red: dichroic birefringence, enhanced intensity of fluorescence and a shift in visible absorption wavelength.
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16
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Carbonaro M, Ripanti F, Filabozzi A, Minicozzi V, Stellato F, Placidi E, Morante S, Di Venere A, Nicolai E, Postorino P, Nucara A. Human insulin fibrillogenesis in the presence of epigallocatechin gallate and melatonin: Structural insights from a biophysical approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:1157-1164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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17
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Saha B, Chowdhury S, Sanyal D, Chattopadhyay K, Suresh Kumar G. Comparative Study of Toluidine Blue O and Methylene Blue Binding to Lysozyme and Their Inhibitory Effects on Protein Aggregation. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:2588-2601. [PMID: 30023840 PMCID: PMC6044680 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A comparative binding interaction of toluidine blue O (TBO) and methylene blue (MB) with lysozyme was investigated by multifaceted biophysical approaches as well as from the aspects of in silico biophysics. The bindings were static, and it occurred via ground-state complex formation as confirmed from time-resolved fluorescence experiments. From steady-state fluorescence and anisotropy, binding constants were calculated, and it was found that TBO binds more effectively than MB. Synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that binding of dyes to lysozyme causes polarity changes around the tryptophan (Trp) moiety, most likely at Trp 62 and 63. Calorimetric titration also depicts the higher binding affinity of TBO over MB, and the interactions were exothermic and entropy-driven. In silico studies revealed the potential binding pockets in lysozyme and the participation of residues Trp 62 and 63 in ligand binding. Furthermore, calculations of thermodynamic parameters from the theoretical docking studies were in compliance with experimental observations. Moreover, an inhibitory effect of these dyes to lysozyme fibrillogenesis was examined, and the morphology of the formed fibril was scanned by atomic force microscopy imaging. TBO was observed to exhibit higher potential in inhibiting the fibrillogenesis than MB, and this phenomenon stands out as a promising antiamyloid therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baishakhi Saha
- Organic
and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Sourav Chowdhury
- Structural
Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Dwipanjan Sanyal
- Structural
Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Krishnananda Chattopadhyay
- Structural
Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Organic
and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
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18
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Basu A, Bhattacharya SC, Kumar GS. Influence of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide on amyloid fibrillogenesis in lysozyme: Evidence from photophysical and imaging studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:2643-2649. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Basu A, Suresh Kumar G. Binding and Inhibitory Effect of the Dyes Amaranth and Tartrazine on Amyloid Fibrillation in Lysozyme. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:1222-1239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Basu
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
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20
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Chen YW, Chang CW, Hung HS, Kung ML, Yeh BW, Hsieh S. Magnetite nanoparticle interactions with insulin amyloid fibrils. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:415702. [PMID: 27585675 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/41/415702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid fibrils is one of the likely key factors leading to the development of Alzheimer's disease and other amyloidosis associated diseases. Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed as promising medical materials for many medical applications. In this study, we have explored the effects of Fe3O4 NPs on the fibrillogenesis process of insulin fibrils. When Fe3O4 NPs were co-incubated with insulin, Fe3O4 NPs had no effect on the structural transformation into amyloid-like fibrils but had higher affinity toward insulin fibrils. We demonstrated that the zeta potential of insulin fibrils and Fe3O4 NPs were both positive, suggesting the binding forces between Fe3O4 NPs and insulin fibrils were van der Waals forces but not surface charge. Moreover, a different amount of Fe3O4 NPs added had no effect on secondary structural changes of insulin fibrils. These results propose the potential use of Fe3O4 NPs as therapeutic agents against diseases related to protein aggregation or contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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21
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Liu J, Costantino I, Venugopalan N, Fischetti RF, Hyman BT, Frosch MP, Gomez-Isla T, Makowski L. Amyloid structure exhibits polymorphism on multiple length scales in human brain tissue. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33079. [PMID: 27629394 PMCID: PMC5024092 DOI: 10.1038/srep33079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of Aβ amyloid fibrils into plaques in the brain is a universal hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), but whether plaques in different individuals are equivalent is unknown. One possibility is that amyloid fibrils exhibit different structures and different structures may contribute differentially to disease, either within an individual brain or between individuals. However, the occurrence and distribution of structural polymorphisms of amyloid in human brain is poorly documented. Here we use X-ray microdiffraction of histological sections of human tissue to map the abundance, orientation and structural heterogeneities of amyloid. Our observations indicate that (i) tissue derived from subjects with different clinical histories may contain different ensembles of fibrillar structures; (ii) plaques harboring distinct amyloid structures can coexist within a single tissue section and (iii) within individual plaques there is a gradient of fibrillar structure from core to margins. These observations have immediate implications for existing theories on the inception and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabel Costantino
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Bradley T Hyman
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teresa Gomez-Isla
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee Makowski
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Girych M, Gorbenko G, Maliyov I, Trusova V, Mizuguchi C, Saito H, Kinnunen P. Combined thioflavin T-Congo red fluorescence assay for amyloid fibril detection. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2016; 4:034010. [PMID: 28355156 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/4/3/034010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence represents one of the most powerful tools for the detection and structural characterization of the pathogenic protein aggregates, amyloid fibrils. The traditional approaches to the identification and quantification of amyloid fibrils are based on monitoring the fluorescence changes of the benzothiazole dye thioflavin T (ThT) and absorbance changes of the azo dye Congo red (CR). In routine screening it is usually sufficient to perform only the ThT and CR assays, but both of them, when used separately, could give false results. Moreover, fibrillization kinetics can be measured only by ThT fluorescence, while the characteristic absorption spectra and birefringence of CR represent more rigid criteria for the presence of amyloid fibrils. Therefore, it seemed reasonable to use both these dyes simultaneously, combining the advantages of each technique. To this end, we undertook a detailed analysis of the fluorescence spectral behavior of these unique amyloid tracers upon their binding to amyloid fibrils from lysozyme, insulin and an N-terminal fragment of apolipoprotein A-I with Iowa mutation. The fluorescence measurements revealed several criteria for distinguishing between fibrillar and monomeric protein states: (i) a common drastic increase in ThT fluorescence intensity; (ii) a sharp decrease in ThT fluorescence upon addition of CR; (iii) an appearance of the maximum at 535-540 nm in the CR excitation spectra; (iv) increase in CR fluorescence intensity at 610 nm. Based on these findings we designed a novel combined ThT-CR fluorescence assay for amyloid identification. Such an approach not only strengthens the reliability of the ThT assay, but also provides new opportunities for structural characterization of amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhailo Girych
- Department of Nuclear and Medical Physics, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine. Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. 19/2 Tankopiya Str., ap. 47, Kharkov 61091, Ukraine
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23
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Ojala WH, Ojala CR, Gleason WB. The X-ray Crystal Structure of the Sulfonated Azo Dye Congo Red, a Non-Peptidic Inhibitor of HIV-1 Protease which also Binds to Reverse Transcriptase and Amyloid Proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029500600104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Congo Red is a sulfonated azo dye and widely used biological stain that has recently been the focus of intense interest because it has been shown to bind to proteins involved in viral recognition and replication. Congo Red also finds wide use as a histological stain for amyloid proteins of the type found in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in cattle and mink, and scrapie in sheep. Congo Red has been demonstrated to protect normal prion protein from being converted to the protease-resistant form, an important step in the pathology of the so-called ‘slow viral’ diseases. The range of biological molecules to which Congo Red binds makes it an important lead compound in drug development, for example in the development of new anti-HIV and anti-Alzheimer's therapeutic agents. In this report we present the first high-resolution structure of Congo Red: the low-temperature (173 K) X-ray crystal structure determination of its calcium salt. Two conformations of the molecule are found in the same crystal structure, one in which the central biphenyl group assumes a twisted (25°) conformation, and one in which the biphenyl group is planar and is located on a crystallo-graphic inversion centre. In both conformations the sulfonate groups are oriented anti with respect to the long molecular axis and assume eclipsed conformations with respect to the naphthalene rings. A comparison is made with a published structure [Turned, W.G., and Finch, J.T. (1992) J Mol Biol 227: 1205-1223] in which Congo Red is bound to porcine insulin, this complex serving as a model for amyloid binding. The results illustrate the conformational flexibility possessed by the biphenyl spacer, which allows the hydrophobic portion of the molecule to assume an optimum fit in the hydrophobic binding pockets of target proteins. A model is presented for the binding of Congo Red to the HIV protease in which the sulfonate groups interact with the side-chains of arginine residues. This proposed binding mode is consistent with the observed binding for other sulfonated aromatic inhibitors such as Evans Blue.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. H. Ojala
- Biomedical Engineering Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - C. R. Ojala
- Normandale Community College, Bloomington, MN 55431, USA
| | - W. B. Gleason
- Biomedical Engineering Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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24
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Nie RZ, Zhu W, Peng JM, Ge ZZ, Li CM. A-type dimeric epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a more potent inhibitor against the formation of insulin amyloid fibril than EGCG monomer. Biochimie 2016; 125:204-12. [PMID: 27079519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Because fibrillary protein aggregates is regarded to be closely associated with many diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease, growing interest and researches have been focused on finding potential fibrillation inhibitors. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and A-type dimeric epigallocatechin-3-gallate (A-type EGCG dimer) on the formation of insulin fibrillation were compared by multi-dimensional approaches including thioflavin-T (ThT) fluorescence assay, 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic (ANS) fluorescence assay, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Our results confirmed that A-type EGCG dimer is a more potent inhibitor against the formation of bovine insulin amyloid fibril than EGCG. In addition, A-type EGCG dimer could not only inhibit insulin amyloid fibril formation, but also change the aggregation pathway and induce bovine insulin into amorphous aggregates. The results of the present study may provide a new guide on finding novel anti-amyloidogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Zu Nie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jin-Ming Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Ge
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chun-Mei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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25
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Al-Thabaiti SA, Aazam ES, Khan Z, Bashir O. Aggregation of Congo red with surfactants and Ag-nanoparticles in an aqueous solution. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 156:28-35. [PMID: 26641283 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Self aggregation, sorption, and interaction of Congo red, with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), Ag(+) ions and silver nanoparticles have been determined spectrophotometrically. Congo red self-aggregation was identified from UV-visible spectra due to the shrinkage in an absorption band at 495 nm. The shape of the absorbance spectrum changed entirely with increasing [Congo red] but wavelength maxima remain unchanged. The molar absorptivity was found to be 9804 mol(-1) dm(3) cm(-1) at 495 nm. Absorption spectra of Congo red with Ag(+) ions show an isosbestic point. The complex formation constant and difference in absorption coefficients were found to be 8.5 × 10(4) mol(-1) dm(3) and 11,764 mol(-1) dm(3) cm(-1), respectively. Silver nano-particles could not be used for the catalytic degradation of Congo red because it results in the formation of a strong complex with them. Sodium dodecylsulfate did not show any significant interaction with this dye. Congo red was also used as a probe to determine the critical micellar concentration of CTAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaeel Ahmed Al-Thabaiti
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Shafik Aazam
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaheer Khan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ommer Bashir
- Nanoscience Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
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26
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Mishra NK, Krishna Deepak RNV, Sankararamakrishnan R, Verma S. Controlling in Vitro Insulin Amyloidosis with Stable Peptide Conjugates: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:15395-406. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, DST Thematic
Unit of Excellence on Soft
Nanofabrication and ‡Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R. N. V. Krishna Deepak
- Department of Chemistry, DST Thematic
Unit of Excellence on Soft
Nanofabrication and ‡Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramasubbu Sankararamakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, DST Thematic
Unit of Excellence on Soft
Nanofabrication and ‡Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry, DST Thematic
Unit of Excellence on Soft
Nanofabrication and ‡Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
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27
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Jayamani J, Shanmugam G. Gallic acid, one of the components in many plant tissues, is a potential inhibitor for insulin amyloid fibril formation. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:352-8. [PMID: 25105923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Proteins under stressful conditions can lead to the formation of an ordered self-assembled structure, referred to as amyloid fibrils, to which many neurodegenerative diseases such as Type II diabetes, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, etc., are attributed. Inhibition of amyloid fibril formation using natural products is one of the main therapeutic strategies to prevent the progression of these diseases. Polyphenols are the mostly consumed as antioxidants in a human nutrition. Herein, we have studied the effect of a simple polyphenol, gallic acid (GA), one of the main components in plant tissues, especially in tea leaves, on the insulin amyloid fibril formation. Different biophysical characterizations such as turbidity, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Thioflavin T (ThT) assays, circular dichroism, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy have been used to analyze the inhibition of amyloid fibril formation. The occurrence of fibrils in an AFM image and ThT fluorescence enhancement confirms the formation of insulin amyloid fibrils when incubated under acidic pH 2 at 65 °C. In the presence of GA, absence of fibrils in AFM image and no change in the intensity of ThT fluorescence confirms the inhibition of insulin amyloid fibrils by GA. Spectroscopic results reveal that GA inhibits the conformational transition of α-helix → β-sheet, which is generally induced during the insulin fibril formation. It was found that the inhibitory effect of GA is concentration dependent and non-linear. Based on the observed results, we propose that GA interacts with native insulin, preventing nuclei formation, which is essential for fibril growth, thereby inhibiting the amyloid fibril formation. The present results thus demonstrate that GA can effectively inhibit insulin amyloid fibril formation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaraman Jayamani
- Bioorganic Laboratory, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawn, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110 001, India
| | - Ganesh Shanmugam
- Bioorganic Laboratory, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawn, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110 001, India.
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28
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Amani S, Naeem A. Deciphering aggregates, prefibrillar oligomers and protofibrils of cytochrome c. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1839-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1698-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Selivanova OM, Suvorina MY, Dovidchenko NV, Eliseeva IA, Surin AK, Finkelstein AV, Schmatchenko VV, Galzitskaya OV. How to determine the size of folding nuclei of protofibrils from the concentration dependence of the rate and lag-time of aggregation. II. Experimental application for insulin and LysPro insulin: aggregation morphology, kinetics, and sizes of nuclei. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:1198-206. [PMID: 24428561 DOI: 10.1021/jp4083568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is a commonly used protein for studies of amyloidogenesis. There are a few insulin analogues with different pharmacokinetic characteristics, in particular the onset and duration of action. One of them is LysPro insulin. The behavior of LysPro insulin in the process of amyloid formation has not been studied in detail yet. To quantitatively investigate the differences between insulin and LysPro insulin in the aggregation reaction, we used thioflavin T fluorescence assay, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction methods, and theoretical modeling. Kinetic experimental data for both insulin samples demonstrated the increase of the lag-time for LysPro insulin at low concentrations of monomers, particularly at 2 and 4 mg/mL, which corresponds to the pharmaceutical concentration. However, the morphology of insulin and LysPro insulin fibrils and their X-ray diffraction patterns is identical. Mature fibrils reach 10-12 μm in length and about 3-4 nm in diameter. The obtained analytical solution allow us to determine the sizes of the primary and secondary nuclei from the experimentally obtained concentration dependences of the time of growth and the ratio of the lag-time duration to the time of growth of amyloid protofibrils. In the case of insulin and LysPro insulin, we have exponential growth of amyloid protofibrils following the "bifurcation + lateral growth" scenario. In accord with the developed theory and the experimental data, we obtained that the size of the primary nucleus is equal to one monomer and the size of the secondary nucleus is zero in both insulin and LysPro insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Selivanova
- Institute of Protein Research , Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Institutskaya str., Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
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30
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Wu JW, Liu KN, How SC, Chen WA, Lai CM, Liu HS, Hu CJ, Wang SSS. Carnosine's effect on amyloid fibril formation and induced cytotoxicity of lysozyme. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81982. [PMID: 24349167 PMCID: PMC3859581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine, a common dipeptide in mammals, has previously been shown to dissemble alpha-crystallin amyloid fibrils. To date, the dipeptide's anti-fibrillogensis effect has not been thoroughly characterized in other proteins. For a more complete understanding of carnosine's mechanism of action in amyloid fibril inhibition, we have investigated the effect of the dipeptide on lysozyme fibril formation and induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Our study demonstrates a positive correlation between the concentration and inhibitory effect of carnosine against lysozyme fibril formation. Molecular docking results show carnosine's mechanism of fibrillogenesis inhibition may be initiated by binding with the aggregation-prone region of the protein. The dipeptide attenuates the amyloid fibril-induced cytotoxicity of human neuronal cells by reducing both apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths. Our study provides solid support for carnosine's amyloid fibril inhibitory property and its effect against fibril-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. The additional insights gained herein may pave way to the discovery of other small molecules that may exert similar effects against amyloid fibril formation and its associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine W. Wu
- Department of Optometry, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan,
- * E-mail: (JWW); (SSSW)
| | - Kuan-Nan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chun How
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-An Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Min Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwai-Shen Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Steven S. -S. Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JWW); (SSSW)
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31
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Dwivedi AK, Iyer PK. Therapeutic Strategies to Prevent Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis Using A Fluorescent Conjugated Polyelectrolyte. Macromol Biosci 2013; 14:508-14. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atul K. Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati 781 039 Assam India
| | - Parameswar K. Iyer
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati 781 039 Assam India
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32
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Amini R, Yazdanparast R, Bahramikia S. Apigenin reduces human insulin fibrillation in vitro and protects SK-N-MC cells against insulin amyloids. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 60:334-40. [PMID: 23777711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of proteins is a key pathogenic feature of more than 20 amyloid-related diseases. Inhibiting or reversing amyloid aggregation via the use of small molecules is proposed as two useful approaches in hampering the development of these diseases. In this research, we examined the inhibitory and disruptive effects of apigenin, a common dietary flavonoid with multiple pharmacological properties, against human insulin fibrillization. Besides, we investigated the potential cytotoxicity of insulin fibrils on SK-N-MC cells in the presence and absence of apigenin. The increase in Thioflavin T (ThT) and anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescent intensities and Congo red absorbance were inhibited by simultaneous incubation of various concentrations of apigenin with insulin, in a dose-dependent manner. The spectroscopy results were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, where lower extent of fibrillar structures was observed in the presence of apigenin. In addition, the cell exposure to the co-incubated insulin amyloids with apigenin led to the increased viability and decreased LDH release dose-dependently, compared to cells exposed to insulin fibrils alone. Co-incubation with apigenin also attenuated the extent of apoptotic cell death induced by insulin fibrils. It can be concluded that apigenin possess in vitro anti-amyloidogenic activities as well as protective effects against insulin amyloids cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Amini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, P. O. Box 13145-1384, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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33
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Selivanova OM, Galzitskaya OV. Structural polymorphism and possible pathways of amyloid fibril formation on the example of insulin protein. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 77:1237-47. [PMID: 23240561 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912110028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this review we analyze the main works on amyloid formation of insulin. There are many environmental factors affecting the formation of insulin amyloid fibrils (and other amyloidogenic proteins) such as: protein concentration, pH, ionic strength of solution, medium composition (anions, cations), presence of denaturants (urea, guanidine chloride) or stabilizers (saccharose), temperature regime, agitation. Since polymorphism is potentially crucial for human diseases and may underlie the natural variability of some amyloid diseases, in this review we focus attention on polymorphism that is an important biophysical difference between native protein folding suggesting correspondence between the amino acid sequence and unique folding state, and formation of amyloid fibrils, when the same amino acid sequence can form amyloid fibrils of different morphology. At present, according to the literature data, we can choose three ways of polymerization of insulin molecules depending on the nucleus size. The first suggests that fibrillogenesis can occur through assembly of insulin monomers. The second suggests that precursors of fibrils are dimers, and the third assumes that precursors of fibrils are oligomers. Additional experimental works and new methods of investigation and assessment of results are needed to clarify the general picture of insulin amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Selivanova
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
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34
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Abstract
The deposition of peptides and proteins as amyloid fibrils is a common feature of nearly 50 medical -disorders affecting the brain or a variety of other organs and tissues. These disorders, which include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, the prion diseases, and type II diabetes, have an enormous impact on the public health and economy of the modern world. Extensive research is therefore taking place to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms and determinants of the pathological conversion of amyloidogenic proteins from their soluble forms into fibrillar structures. The use of molecular probes and biophysical techniques, such as X-ray crystallography and particularly NMR spectroscopy, are allowing detailed analysis of the mechanism of fibril formation and of the underlying structural and chemical features of the associated pathogenicity. Nanobodies, the antigen-binding domains derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies, are excellent tools to probe protein aggregation as a result of their exquisite specificity and high affinity and stability, along with their ease of expression and small size; the latter in particular allows them to be used very efficiently in combination with NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. In this chapter we present an overview of how nanobodies are being used to obtain detailed information on the mechanisms of amyloid formation and on the nature and origin of their links with human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin De Genst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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35
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Wang CC, Huang HB, Tsay HJ, Shiao MS, Wu WJW, Cheng YC, Lin TH. Characterization of Aβ aggregation mechanism probed by congo red. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2012; 30:160-9. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.677767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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36
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Effect of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on human insulin fibrillation/aggregation kinetics. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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37
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Wang C, Yang A, Li X, Li D, Zhang M, Du H, Li C, Guo Y, Mao X, Dong M, Besenbacher F, Yang Y, Wang C. Observation of molecular inhibition and binding structures of amyloid peptides. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:1895-909. [PMID: 22334382 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr11508e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Unveiling interactions between labeling molecules and amyloid fibrils is essential to develop new detection methods for studying amyloid structures under various conditions. This review endeavours to reflect the progress in studying interactions between molecular inhibitors and amyloid peptides using a series of experimental approaches, such as X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning probe microscopy, and electron microscopy. The revealed binding mechanisms of anti-amyloid drugs and target proteins could benefit the rational design of drugs for prevention or treatment of amyloidal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, PR China
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38
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Eleventh international symposium on radiopharmaceutical chemistry: Abstracts. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580370601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Hong Y, Meng L, Chen S, Leung CWT, Da LT, Faisal M, Silva DA, Liu J, Lam JWY, Huang X, Tang BZ. Monitoring and inhibition of insulin fibrillation by a small organic fluorogen with aggregation-induced emission characteristics. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:1680-9. [PMID: 22191699 DOI: 10.1021/ja208720a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrillation of proteins is associated with a great variety of pathologic conditions. Development of new molecules that can monitor amyloidosis kinetics and inhibit fibril formation is of great diagnostic and therapeutic value. In this work, we have developed a biocompatible molecule that functions as an ex situ monitor and an in situ inhibitor for protein fibrillation, using insulin as a model protein. 1,2-Bis[4-(3-sulfonatopropoxyl)phenyl]-1,2-diphenylethene salt (BSPOTPE) is nonemissive when it is dissolved with native insulin in an incubation buffer but starts to fluoresce when it is mixed with preformed insulin fibril, enabling ex situ monitoring of amyloidogenesis kinetics and high-contrast fluorescence imaging of protein fibrils. Premixing BSPOTPE with insulin, on the other hand, inhibits the nucleation process and impedes the protofibril formation. Increasing the dose of BSPOTPE boosts its inhibitory potency. Theoretical modeling using molecular dynamics simulations and docking reveals that BSPOTPE is prone to binding to partially unfolded insulin through hydrophobic interaction of the phenyl rings of BSPOTPE with the exposed hydrophobic residues of insulin. Such binding is assumed to have stabilized the partially unfolded insulin and obstructed the formation of the critical oligomeric species in the protein fibrillogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Hong
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Maltsev AS, Grishaev A, Bax A. Monomeric α-synuclein binds Congo Red micelles in a disordered manner. Biochemistry 2012; 51:631-42. [PMID: 22242826 PMCID: PMC3260784 DOI: 10.1021/bi201435d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
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The histological dye Congo Red (CR) previously has been shown to inhibit α-synuclein (aS) fibrillation, but the mode of this inhibition remained unclear. Because of favorable exchange kinetics, interaction between CR and aS lends itself to a detailed nuclear magnetic resonance study, and relaxation dispersion measurements yield the bound fraction and time scales for the interaction of aS with CR. We find that at pH 6, CR exists as a micelle, and at a CR:aS molar ratio of ∼1, only a small fraction of aS (∼2%) is bound to these micelles. Rapid exchange (kex ∼ 3000 s–1) between the free and CR-bound states broadens and strongly attenuates resonances of aS by two processes: a magnetic field-dependent contribution, caused by the chemical shift difference between the two states, and a nearly field-independent contribution caused by slower tumbling of aS bound to the CR micelle. The salt dependence of the interaction suggests a predominantly electrostatic mechanism for the 60 N-terminal residues, while the weaker interaction between residues 61–100 and CR is mostly hydrophobic. Chemical shift and transferred NOE data indicate that aS becomes slightly more helical but remains largely disordered when bound to CR. Results indicate that inhibition of fibril formation does not result from binding of CR to free aS and, therefore, must result from interaction of aS fibrils or protofibrils with CR micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Maltsev
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0520, United States
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Mao X, Guo Y, Wang C, Zhang M, Ma X, Liu L, Niu L, Zeng Q, Yang Y, Wang C. Binding modes of thioflavin T molecules to prion peptide assemblies identified by using scanning tunneling microscopy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2011; 2:281-7. [PMID: 22778872 DOI: 10.1021/cn200006h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely used method to monitor the aggregation process of amyloid peptide is thioflavin T (ThT) assay, while the detailed molecular mechanism is still not clear. In this work, we report here the direct identification of the binding modes of ThT molecules with the prion peptide GNNQQNY by using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The assembly structures of GNNQQNY were first observed by STM on a graphite surface, and the introduction of ThT molecules to the surface facilitated the STM observations of the adsorption conformations of ThT with peptide strands. ThT molecules are apt to adsorb on the peptide assembly with β-sheet structure and oriented parallel with the peptide strands adopting four different binding modes. This effort could benefit the understanding of the mechanisms of the interactions between labeling species or inhibitory ligands and amyloid peptides, which is keenly needed for developing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Mao
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety and Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology (Chinese Academy of Sciences) National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety and Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology (Chinese Academy of Sciences) National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chenxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety and Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology (Chinese Academy of Sciences) National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety and Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology (Chinese Academy of Sciences) National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety and Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology (Chinese Academy of Sciences) National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety and Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology (Chinese Academy of Sciences) National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lin Niu
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety and Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology (Chinese Academy of Sciences) National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety and Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology (Chinese Academy of Sciences) National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety and Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology (Chinese Academy of Sciences) National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety and Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology (Chinese Academy of Sciences) National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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Landau M, Sawaya MR, Faull KF, Laganowsky A, Jiang L, Sievers SA, Liu J, Barrio JR, Eisenberg D. Towards a pharmacophore for amyloid. PLoS Biol 2011; 9:e1001080. [PMID: 21695112 PMCID: PMC3114762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosing and treating Alzheimer's and other diseases associated with amyloid fibers remains a great challenge despite intensive research. To aid in this effort, we present atomic structures of fiber-forming segments of proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease in complex with small molecule binders, determined by X-ray microcrystallography. The fiber-like complexes consist of pairs of β-sheets, with small molecules binding between the sheets, roughly parallel to the fiber axis. The structures suggest that apolar molecules drift along the fiber, consistent with the observation of nonspecific binding to a variety of amyloid proteins. In contrast, negatively charged orange-G binds specifically to lysine side chains of adjacent sheets. These structures provide molecular frameworks for the design of diagnostics and drugs for protein aggregation diseases. The devastating and incurable dementia known as Alzheimer's disease affects the thinking, memory, and behavior of dozens of millions of people worldwide. Although amyloid fibers and oligomers of two proteins, tau and amyloid-β, have been identified in association with this disease, the development of diagnostics and therapeutics has proceeded to date in a near vacuum of information about their structures. Here we report the first atomic structures of small molecules bound to amyloid. These are of the dye orange-G, the natural compound curcumin, and the Alzheimer's diagnostic compound DDNP bound to amyloid-like segments of tau and amyloid-β. The structures reveal the molecular framework of small-molecule binding, within cylindrical cavities running along the β-spines of the fibers. Negatively charged orange-G wedges into a specific binding site between two sheets of the fiber, combining apolar binding with electrostatic interactions, whereas uncharged compounds slide along the cavity. We observed that different amyloid polymorphs bind different small molecules, revealing that a cocktail of compounds may be required for future amyloid therapies. The structures described here start to define the amyloid pharmacophore, opening the way to structure-based design of improved diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meytal Landau
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Sawaya
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kym F. Faull
- The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, The NPI-Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Arthur Laganowsky
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Lin Jiang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Stuart A. Sievers
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jorge R. Barrio
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David Eisenberg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kitts CC, Beke-Somfai T, Nordén B. Michler’s Hydrol Blue: A Sensitive Probe for Amyloid Fibril Detection. Biochemistry 2011; 50:3451-61. [DOI: 10.1021/bi102016p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C. Kitts
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Nordén
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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Wigenius J, Andersson MR, Esbjörner EK, Westerlund F. Interactions between a luminescent conjugated polyelectrolyte and amyloid fibrils investigated with flow linear dichroism spectroscopy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 408:115-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.03.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mao X, Wang C, Ma X, Zhang M, Liu L, Zhang L, Niu L, Zeng Q, Yang Y, Wang C. Molecular level studies on binding modes of labeling molecules with polyalanine peptides. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:1592-1599. [PMID: 21283870 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00782j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the binding modes of typical labeling molecules (thioflavin T (ThT), Congo red (CR) and copper(II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (PcCu(SO(3)Na)(4))) on pentaalanine, which is a model peptide segment of amyloid peptides, have been resolved at the molecular level by using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In the STM images, ThT molecules are predominantly adsorbed parallel to the peptide strands and two binding modes could be identified. It was found that ThT molecules are preferentially binding on top of the peptide strand, and the mode of intercalated between neighboring peptides also exists. The parallel binding mode of CR molecules can be observed with pentaalanine peptides. Besides the binding modes of labeling molecules, the CR and PcCu(SO(3)Na)(4) display different adsorption affinity with the pentaalanine peptides. The results could be beneficial for obtaining molecular level insight of the interactions between labeling molecules and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Mao
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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Molecular mechanism of Thioflavin-T binding to amyloid fibrils. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1804:1405-12. [PMID: 20399286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1408] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intense efforts to detect, diagnose, and analyze the kinetic and structural properties of amyloid fibrils have generated a powerful toolkit of amyloid-specific molecular probes. Since its first description in 1959, the fluorescent dye Thioflavin-T (ThT) has become among the most widely used "gold standards" for selectively staining and identifying amyloid fibrils both in vivo and in vitro. The large enhancement of its fluorescence emission upon binding to fibrils makes ThT a particularly powerful and convenient tool. Despite its widespread use in clinical and basic science applications, the molecular mechanism for the ability of ThT to recognize diverse types of amyloid fibrils and for the dye's characteristic fluorescence has only begun to be elucidated. Here, we review recent progress in the understanding of ThT-fibril interactions at an atomic resolution. These studies have yielded important insights into amyloid structures and the processes of fibril formation, and they also offer guidance for designing the next generation of amyloid assembly diagnostics, inhibitors, and therapeutics.
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Groenning M. Binding mode of Thioflavin T and other molecular probes in the context of amyloid fibrils-current status. J Chem Biol 2010; 3:1-18. [PMID: 19693614 PMCID: PMC2816742 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-009-0027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Because understanding amyloid fibrillation in molecular detail is essential for development of strategies to control amyloid formation and overcome neurodegenerative disorders, increased understanding of present molecular probes as well as development of new probes are of utmost importance. To date, the binding modes of these molecular probes to amyloid fibrils are by no means adequately described or understood, and the large number of studies on Thioflavin T (ThT) and Congo Red (CR) binding have resulted in models that are incomplete and conflicting. Different types of binding sites are likely to be present in amyloid fibrils with differences in binding modes. ThT may bind in channels running parallel to the long axis of the fibril. In the channels, ThT may bind in either a monomeric or dimeric form of which the molecular conformation is likely to be planar. CR may bind in grooves formed along the β-sheets as a planar molecule in either a monomeric or supramolecular form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Groenning
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- IFM, Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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Abstract
In the rare medical condition termed injection amyloidosis, extracellular fibrils of insulin are observed. We found that the segment of the insulin B-chain with sequence LVEALYL is the smallest segment that both nucleates and inhibits the fibrillation of full-length insulin in a molar ratio-dependent manner, suggesting that this segment is central to the cross-beta spine of the insulin fibril. In isolation from the rest of the protein, LVEALYL forms microcrystalline aggregates with fibrillar morphology, the structure of which we determined to 1 A resolution. The LVEALYL segments are stacked into pairs of tightly interdigitated beta-sheets, each pair displaying the dry steric zipper interface typical of amyloid-like fibrils. This structure leads to a model for fibrils of human insulin consistent with electron microscopic, x-ray fiber diffraction, and biochemical studies.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report the identification and characterization of stromal amyloid deposits in patients with keratoconus. METHODS The excised corneal buttons from 2 patients diagnosed clinically with keratoconus underwent histochemical analysis with Masson trichrome, Congo red, Alcian blue, and periodic acid-Schiff stains, and immunohistochemical analysis for the transforming growth factor beta-induced gene (TGFBI) protein product (TGFBIp), prealbumin, lysozyme, and kappa and lambda light chain expression. After the collection of DNA from both patients, exons 4, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of TGFBI were amplified and sequenced to search for mutations previously associated with dystrophic corneal stromal amyloid deposition. RESULTS Light microscopic examination of the corneal buttons revealed stromal thinning, epithelial basement membrane abnormalities, and focal disruption of Bowman layer. Multiple stromal deposits were identified that stained red with Masson trichrome, pink with periodic acid-Schiff, and red with Congo red; the Congo red-stained deposits demonstrated birefringence and dichroism with crossed polarizing lenses. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated reactivity of the stromal deposits with antibodies to TGFBIp but no reactivity with antibodies against prealbumin, lysozyme, or kappa and lambda light chains. Screening of TGFBI exons 4, 11, 12, 13, and 14 revealed 2 previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms present in the heterozygous state in both individuals but no other coding region variants. CONCLUSIONS Two cases of keratoconus with clinically unsuspected, presumed secondary stromal amyloid deposition are described. Although TGFBIp is identified in the stromal deposits, no previously reported amyloidogenic mutations are identified in TGFBI in either affected individual, indicating a previously undescribed mechanism of stromal amyloid deposition.
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Kitts CC, Bout DAV. Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy Measurements of Fluorescent Molecular Probes Binding to Insulin Amyloid Fibrils. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:12090-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903509u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C. Kitts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology, and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - David A. Vanden Bout
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology, and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas 78712
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