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Qin X, Huang L, Zhan Z, Fu P, Wang Q, Zhang C, Huang J, Ding Z. Enhancing corannulene chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence and photoluminescence by means of an azabora-helicene to slow down its bowl inversion. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9657-9668. [PMID: 38939143 PMCID: PMC11206500 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01524j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Aromatic system extension of corannulene (Cor) is a synthetic challenge to access non-planar polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Herein, we report the design and synthesis of azaborahelicene corannulene 1 through hybridization of an azabora[5] helical structure and subsequent luminescence studies. Significant enhancement in chemiluminescence (CL), electroluminescence (ECL) and photoluminescence (PL) is achieved compared to those of pristine Cor. Specifically, hybrid 1 shows a notable augmentation in absolute luminescence quantum efficiencies: 25-fold for CL, up to 23-fold for ECL with BPO as a coreactant, and 30-fold for PL, respectively, compared to those of pristine Cor. Intriguingly, the blue light emission observed in all three luminescence types suggests the presence of a single excited state. As revealed by variable-temperature (VT) 1H NMR experiments, the bowl inversion frequency apparently decelerates by the steric effect of the helix motif in 1, which could contribute to the enhanced luminescent properties by reducing excited energy losses non-radiatively through fewer molecular motions; these enhanced luminescence observations could be categorized alongside the aggregation induced emission (AIE) and crystallization-induced emission (CIE) phenomena. This work not only provides fundamental insights into improved luminescence quantum efficiencies via strategic modulation of the molecular structure and geometry, but the work also reveals Cor's inherent potential to build efficient blue-light emitting materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Western University London ON N6A 5B7 Canada
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 China
| | - Lin Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- International Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 China
- International Joint Research Centre for Molecular Sciences, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Ziying Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, Western University London ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Peng Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- International Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 China
- International Joint Research Centre for Molecular Sciences, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park Beijing 102206 China
| | - Congyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Western University London ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Jianhui Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- International Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 China
- International Joint Research Centre for Molecular Sciences, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Western University London ON N6A 5B7 Canada
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Apriliyanto YB, Battaglia S, Evangelisti S, Faginas-Lago N, Leininger T, Lombardi A. Toward a Generalized Hückel Rule: The Electronic Structure of Carbon Nanocones. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9819-9825. [PMID: 34734525 PMCID: PMC8607423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate a particular class of carbon nanocones, which we name graphannulenes, and present a generalized Hückel rule (GHR) that predicts the character of their ground state based on simply the three topological indices that uniquely define them. Importantly, this rule applies to both flat and curved systems, encompassing a wide variety of known structures that do not satisfy the "classic" 4n + 2 rule such as coronene, corannulene, and Kekulene. We test this rule at the Hückel level of theory for a large number of systems, including structures that are convex and flat, with a saddle-like geometry, and at the CASSCF level of theory for a selected representative subset. All the performed calculations support the GHR that we propose in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Bramastya Apriliyanto
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques-IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse et CNRS, 118, Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex, France.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefano Evangelisti
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques-IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse et CNRS, 118, Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Noelia Faginas-Lago
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Thierry Leininger
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques-IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse et CNRS, 118, Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Andrea Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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Tanaka K, Sato T, Okada M, Yamabe T. Electronic Structure of Corannulene Monoanion: A Comparative Study with the Neutral and Tetraanionic States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10641229608001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Tanaka
- a Division of Molecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-01, Japan
| | - T. Sato
- a Division of Molecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-01, Japan
| | - M. Okada
- b Institute for Fundamental Chemistry , 34-4 Nishihiraki-cho, Takano, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606, Japan
| | - T. Yamabe
- a Division of Molecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-01, Japan
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Sato T, Tanaka H, Yamamoto A, Kuzumoto Y, Tokunaga K. Jahn–Teller effect in coronene monoanion: A comparative study with corannulene monoanion. Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(02)00981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Jahn–Teller Effect in Circulenes. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(03)44015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sato T, Yamamoto A, Yamabe T. Electronic and Vibrational Structures of Corannulene Anions. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp992912x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tokio Yamabe
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons with curved surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s1046-5766(06)80003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Cyvin B, Brendsdal E, Brunvoll J, Cyvin S. Condensed aromatics—XXVI. Vibrational frequencies of 13C60 isotopic buckminsterfullerene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0584-8539(92)80141-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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