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Zhang X, Wang X, He Y. Study on the crystal structure of magnesium ammonium carbonate tetrahydrate and its thermal decomposition to MgO. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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2
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Modified Magnesium Alkyls for Ziegler–Natta Catalysts. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12090973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium alkyls such as butyl octyl magnesium and butyl ethyl magnesium are used as precursors for highly active and water-free magnesium chloride support materials for Ziegler–Natta catalysts. These alkyls show a high viscosity in hydrocarbon solvents which negatively affect their industrial application. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations supported the hypothesis that magnesium alkyls can form oligomeric chain structures responsible for the high viscosity. Heterocumulenes such as isocyanates, isothiocyanates and carbodiimides were studied as additives reducing the viscosity, supported by DFT calculations. The modified alkyls have further been tested in catalyst synthesis and in the polymerization of ethylene. The polymerization results showed high activities and similar polymer properties compared with a catalyst prepared without modified magnesium alkyl.
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Schüler P, Krieck S, Görls H, Liebing P, Westerhausen M. Sterically shielded primary anilides of the alkaline-earth metals of the type (thf) nAe(NH-Ar*) 2 (Ae = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba; Ar* = bulky aryl). Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8461-8471. [PMID: 35603695 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01121b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Metalation of 2,4,6-triphenylphenylamine (H2N-C6H2-2,4,6-Ph3, 1a) and 4-methyl-2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)aniline (2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-p-toluidine, H2N-C6H2-4-Me-2,6-(CHPh2)2, 2a) with dibutylmagnesium and Ae[N(SiMe3)2]2 with a stoichiometric 1 : 2 ratio in THF at room temperature yields the corresponding primary anilides [(thf)nAe{N(H)-C6H2-2,4,6-Ph3}2] (Ae/n = Mg/2 (1b), Ca/2 (1c), Sr/3 (1d), and Ba/3 (1e)) and [(thf)nAe{N(H)-C6H2-4-Me-2,6-(CHPh2)2}2] (Ae/n = Mg/2 (2b), Ca/3 (2c) and Sr/2 (2d)), respectively. The 1 : 1 reaction of Mg(n/sBu)2 and MgPh2 with 2a leads to the formation of heteroleptic [(thf)2Mg(R){N(H)-C6H2-4-Me-2,6-(CHPh2)2}] (R = n/sBu (2bBu), Ph (2bPh)). At 50 °C, the strontium complex 2d liberates one equivalent of 2avia intramolecular deprotonation of the triarylmethyl functionality yielding dinuclear [(thf)2Sr{N(H)-C6H2-4-Me-2-(CPh2)-6-(CHPh2)2}]2 (2d'). The barium compound is significantly more reactive and regardless of applied stoichiometry the isotypic barium congener [(thf)2Ba{N(H)-C6H2-4-Me-2-(CPh2)-6-(CHPh2)2}]2 (2e') forms. The molecular structures of 1c, 2d, 2d', and 2e' are stabilized by metal-phenyl π-interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schüler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Phil Liebing
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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Luo S, Turcheniuk K, Chen L, Song AY, Hu W, Ren X, Sun Z, Ramprasad R, Yushin G. Synthesis of Mg Alkoxide Nanowires from Mg Alkoxide Nanoparticles upon Ligand Exchange. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13820-13827. [PMID: 35286060 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on a new synthesis pathway for Mg n-propoxide nanowires (NWs) from Mg ethoxide nanoparticles using a simple alkoxy ligand exchange reaction followed by condensation polymerization in n-propanol. In order to uncover the morphology-structure correlation in the metal alkoxide family, we employed a powerful range of state-of-the-art characterization techniques. The morphology transformation from nanoparticles to nanowires was demonstrated by time-lapse SEM micrographs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (such as 1H NMR and solid-state 13C cross-polarization (CP)-MAS NMR) illustrated the replacement of ethyl by n-propyl and metal alkoxide condensation polymerization. We identified chemical formulas of the products also using NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure simulation of Mg ethoxide particles and Mg n-propoxide NWs provided insights on how the ligand exchange and the associated increase in the fraction of OH groups greatly enhanced Mg alkoxide bonding and enabled a higher degree of coordination polymerization to facilitate the formation and growth of the Mg n-propoxide NWs. The discovered synthesis method could be extended for the fabrication of other metal alkoxide (nano) structures with various morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunrui Luo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kostiantyn Turcheniuk
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lihua Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ah-Young Song
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Wenqiang Hu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Zifei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Rampi Ramprasad
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Gleb Yushin
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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5
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Cirillo D, Angelucci F, Bjørsvik H. Functionalization of the Imidazole Backbone by Means of a Tailored and Optimized Oxidative Heck Cross‐Coupling. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cirillo
- Department of Chemistry University of Bergen Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Francesco Angelucci
- Department of Chemistry University of Bergen Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Hans‐René Bjørsvik
- Department of Chemistry University of Bergen Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen Norway
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6
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Van Craen D, Flynn IG, Carta V, Flood AH. Bimetallic Bis-anion Cascade Complexes of Magnesium in Nonaqueous Solution. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5939-5948. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Van Craen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Ian G. Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
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Fischer R, Görls H, Meisinger PR, Suxdorf R, Westerhausen M. Structure-Solubility Relationship of 1,4-Dioxane Complexes of Di(hydrocarbyl)magnesium. Chemistry 2019; 25:12830-12841. [PMID: 31328293 PMCID: PMC7027550 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Systematic variation of the 1,4‐dioxane (dx) concentration during the precipitation of sparingly soluble [MgBr2(dx)2] from ethereal Grignard solutions of RMgBr has allowed the structural investigation of crystallized [R2Mg(dx)n] (n=1, 1.5, 2, and 3), which form during this dioxane method, depending on the bulkiness of R. The numbering of the complexes explored in this study is based on the number n of dioxane molecules per magnesium atom, followed by the substituent R; an apostrophe denotes coordination polymers. The following derivatives were studied by X‐ray crystal‐structure determination and NMR spectroscopy: n=1: [Me2Mg(μ‐dx)]∞ (1′‐Me) and [nPr2Mg(μ‐dx)]∞ (1′‐nPr); n=1.5: [{iPr2Mg(dx)}2(μ‐dx)] (1.5‐iPr), [{oTol2Mg(dx)}2(μ‐dx)] (1.5‐oTol), and [(Me3Si‐C≡C)2Mg(dx)1.5]∞ (1.5′‐C2SiMe3); n=2: [tBu2Mg(dx)2] (2‐tBu) and [oTol2Mg(dx)2] (2‐oTol); n=3: [Ph2Mg(dx)3] (3‐Ph). In the structure types 1′, 1.5, and 2, the magnesium atom exhibits the coordination number 4, whereas pentacoordinate metal atoms are observed in types 3 and 1.5′. The structure type 2′ is realized for [(Ph‐C≡C)2Mg(dx)2]∞ (2′‐C2Ph), [MgCl2(dx)2]∞ (2′‐Cl), and [MgBr2(dx)2]∞ (2′‐Br) with hexacoordinate metal atoms. The solubility of the dioxane adducts in common organic solvents strongly depends on the degree of aggregation with the solubility decreasing from molecular to strand to layer structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinald Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Philippe R Meisinger
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Regina Suxdorf
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
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8
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Quinlivan PJ, Shlian DG, Amemiya E, Parkin G. Reactivity of the carbodiphosphorane, (Ph 3P) 2C, towards main group metal alkyl compounds: coordination and cyclometalation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9139-9151. [PMID: 31145405 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00678h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The carbodiphosphorane, (Ph3P)2C, reacts with Me3Al and Me3Ga to afford the adducts, [(Ph3P)2C]AlMe3 and [(Ph3P)2C]GaMe3, which have been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. (Ph3P)2C also reacts with Me2Zn and Me2Cd to generate an adduct but the formation is reversible on the NMR time scale. At elevated temperatures, however, elimination of methane and cyclometalation occurs to afford [κ2-Ph3PC{PPh2(C6H4)}]ZnMe and [κ2-Ph3PC{PPh2(C6H4)}]CdMe. Analogous cyclometalated products, [κ2-Ph3P{CPPh2(C6H4)}]ZnN(SiMe3)2 and [κ2-Ph3P{CPPh2(C6H4)}]CdN(SiMe3)2, are also obtained upon reaction of (Ph3P)2C with Zn[N(SiMe3)2]2 and Cd[N(SiMe3)2]2. The magnesium compounds, Me2Mg and {Mg[N(SiMe3)2]2}2, likewise react with (Ph3P)2C to afford cyclometalated derivatives, namely [κ2-Ph3PC{PPh2(C6H4)}]MgN(SiMe3)2 and {[κ2-Ph3PC{PPh2(C6H4)}]MgMe}2. While this reactivity is similar to the zinc system, the magnesium methyl complex is a dimer with bridging methyl groups, whereas the zinc complex is a monomer. The greater tendency of the methyl groups to bridge magnesium centers rather than zinc centers is supported by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Quinlivan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
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Reduction of Bromo- and Iodo-2,6-bis(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)benzene with Magnesium and Calcium. INORGANICS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics4040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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10
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Anga S, Bhattacharjee J, Harinath A, Panda TK. Synthesis, structure and reactivity study of magnesium amidinato complexes derived from carbodiimides and N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-butadiene ligands. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:955-65. [PMID: 25407563 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03074e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We report an amidinato ligand-supported series of magnesium complexes obtained from the insertion of a magnesium-carbon bond into a carbon-nitrogen double bond of different carbodiimides and α-diimine ligands. The magnesium complexes [Mg(CH2Ph){CyN[double bond, length as m-dash]C(CH2Ph)NCy}]2 (), [Mg(CH2Ph){(i)PrN[double bond, length as m-dash]C(CH2Ph)N(i)Pr}]2 () and the homoleptic [Mg{(t)BuN[double bond, length as m-dash]C(CH2Ph)N(t)Bu}2] () (Cy = cyclohexyl, (i)Pr = isopropyl, (t)Bu = tert-butyl) were prepared by the reaction of dibenzyl magnesium [Mg(CH2Ph)2(Et2O)2] with the respective carbodiimides either in 1 : 1 or 1 : 2 molar ratio in toluene. The analogous reaction of [Mg(CH2Ph)2(Et2O)2] with the N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene (Dipp2DAD) ligand afforded the corresponding homoleptic magnesium complex [Mg{DippN[double bond, length as m-dash]C(CH2Ph)CH2NDipp}2] () (Dipp = 2,6 diisopropylphenyl) in good yield. The solid-state structures of magnesium complexes were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It was observed that in each case, a magnesium-carbon bond was inserted into the carbon-nitrogen double bond of either carbodiimides or Dipp2DAD resulting in a monoanionic amido-imino ligand. In a further reaction between and N-aryliminopyrrolyl ligand 2-(2,6-(i)Pr2C6H3N[double bond, length as m-dash]CH)C4H3NH (ImpDipp-H) in 1 : 2 molar ratio, a new magnesium complex [Mg(ImpDipp)2{CyN[double bond, length as m-dash]C(CH2Ph)NHCy}] (), with one amidinato and two aryliminopyrrolyl ligands in the coordination sphere, was obtained in good yield. In contrast, the homoleptic magnesium complex reacted with one equivalent of N-aryliminopyrrolyl ligand (ImpDipp-H) to produce another mixed ligated magnesium complex [Mg{DippN[double bond, length as m-dash]C(CH2Ph)CH2NDipp}(ImpDipp)] (), with a benzylated DAD ligand and aryliminopyrrolyl ligands in the coordination sphere. Further reaction of complex with benzyl alcohol (PhCH2OH) afforded the third mixed ligated magnesium complex [Mg{DippN[double bond, length as m-dash]C(CH2Ph)CH2NDipp}(OCH2Ph)2] () in very good yield. The magnesium complexes were characterised using standard analytical/spectroscopic techniques and their solid-state structures were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Anga
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Ordnance Factory Estate, Yeddumailaram 502205, Telangana, India.
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Kalden D, Krieck S, Görls H, Westerhausen M. 1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)triazenides of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and strontium. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:8089-99. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00595g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)triazenide anions act as bidentate ligands toward s-block metals; in the calcium derivative π-stacking of the aromatic rings leads to additional stabilization of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kalden
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
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12
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Contrella ND, Jordan RF. Lewis Acid Modification and Ethylene Oligomerization Behavior of Palladium Catalysts That Contain a Phosphine-Sulfonate-Diethyl Phosphonate Ancillary Ligand. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5009988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D. Contrella
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South
Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Richard F. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South
Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Chang CC, Yang KC, Guo JG, Huang LM, Wang LC, Lee GH, Peng SM. Insertion Reactions of Carbon Disulfide into Mg-C and Mg-N Bonds: Syntheses and Structural Determinations of Mg(S2CY)2(THF)n(Y=NEt2, NiPr2,iPr, Ph) and BrMg(S2CZ)(THF)3(Z=Ph,iPr). J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200300136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Harrison-Marchand A, Mongin F. Mixed AggregAte (MAA): A Single Concept for All Dipolar Organometallic Aggregates. 1. Structural Data. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7470-562. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300295w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Laboratoire COBRA de l′Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cédex, France
| | - Florence Mongin
- Équipe Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Bâtiment 10A, case 1003, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cédex, France
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Khairallah GN, Thum CCL, Lesage D, Tabet JC, O’Hair RAJ. Gas-Phase Formation and Fragmentation Reactions of the Organomagnesates [RMgX2]−. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om3011917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Denis Lesage
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (UPMC), UMR 7201- FR2769, Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Claude Tabet
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (UPMC), UMR 7201- FR2769, Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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16
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Crystal structures of the calcium pump and sarcolipin in the Mg2+-bound E1 state. Nature 2013; 495:260-4. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Heavier Group 2 Grignard Reagents of the Type Aryl-Ae(L) n -X (Post-Grignard Reagents). TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36270-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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18
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Fischer R, Suxdorf R, Görls H, Westerhausen M. Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Solution Behavior of Organomagnesium Derivatives of Alkane-1,4-diide as Well as -1,5-diide. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300880f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reinald Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena,
Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Regina Suxdorf
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena,
Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena,
Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena,
Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Kloubert T, Müller C, Krieck S, Schlotthauer T, Görls H, Westerhausen M. 3-(2-Pyridyl)-5-(2-thienyl)pyrazole and Complexes of Its Anion with Lithium, Magnesium, Calcium, and Zinc Ions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Lioe H, White JM, O’Hair RAJ. Preference for bridging versus terminal ligands in magnesium dimers. J Mol Model 2010; 17:1325-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-010-0834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Lanni EL, McNeil AJ. Evidence for Ligand-Dependent Mechanistic Changes in Nickel-Catalyzed Chain-Growth Polymerizations. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101565u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica L. Lanni
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Anne J. McNeil
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
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Langer J, Krieck S, Fischer R, Görls H, Walther D, Westerhausen M. 1,4-Dioxane Adducts of Grignard Reagents: Synthesis, Ether Fragmentation Reactions, and Structural Diversity of Grignard Reagent/1,4-Dioxane Complexes. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om9000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Langer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Reinald Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Walther
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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23
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Khairallah GN, Thum C, O’Hair RAJ. A Second Metal Center Enhances the Reactivity of an Organomagnesate: Comparison of the Gas-Phase Reactions of Water with [RCCMgCl2]− and [RCCMg2Cl4]− (R = H, Ph). Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900426h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George N. Khairallah
- School of Chemistry
- Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- ARC Center of Excellence in Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology
| | - Charlene Thum
- School of Chemistry
- Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
| | - Richard A. J. O’Hair
- School of Chemistry
- Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- ARC Center of Excellence in Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology
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24
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Fujita M, Lightbody OC, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Stryker JM. Quasi-Planar Homopolymetallic and Heteropolymetallic Coordination Arrays. Surface-Like Molecular Clusters of Magnesium and Aluminum. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4568-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8093229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Fujita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Owen C. Lightbody
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Jeffrey M. Stryker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G2
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25
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Krieck S, Görls H, Yu L, Reiher M, Westerhausen M. Stable “Inverse” Sandwich Complex with Unprecedented Organocalcium(I): Crystal Structures of [(thf)2Mg(Br)-C6H2-2,4,6-Ph3] and [(thf)3Ca{μ-C6H3-1,3,5-Ph3}Ca(thf)3]. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:2977-85. [PMID: 19193100 DOI: 10.1021/ja808524y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany, and Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg Campus, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany, and Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg Campus, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lian Yu
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany, and Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg Campus, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany, and Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg Campus, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany, and Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg Campus, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Freitas JCC, Wong A, Smith ME. Solid-state natural abundance 25Mg NMR studies of Na2MgEDTA x 4 H2O--a possible new reference compound for 25Mg NMR spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2009; 47:9-15. [PMID: 18985623 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Natural abundance solid-state (25)Mg NMR measurements were made of the disodium salt of magnesium ethylenediaminetetraacetate tetrahydrate (Na(2)MgEDTA x 4 H(2)O). Both magic angle spinning (MAS) and static experiments were employed to determine the quadrupole coupling constant (C(q)) and the asymmetry parameter (eta(q)) of the electric field gradient (EFG) tensor associated with (25)Mg in this compound, giving the values C(q) = 1.675(5) MHz and eta(q) = 0.15(1). The isotropic chemical shift was determined to be delta(iso) = 0.25(10) ppm (relative to 11 M MgCl(2) aqueous solution) and a small chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) contribution (approximately -13 ppm) was detected, one of the first CSA reports in (25)Mg NMR. This compound exhibited remarkably good (25)Mg NMR sensitivity, due to its fast spin-lattice relaxation and modest quadrupole coupling, which allowed its use as a secondary shift reference and as a test sample for the implementation and optimisation of signal-enhancement methods in (25)Mg NMR spectroscopy, such as double frequency sweeps (DFS) and the use of adiabatic hyperbolic secant (HS) and WURST pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jair C C Freitas
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
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27
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Bigmore H, Meyer J, Krummenacher I, Rüegger H, Clot E, Mountford P, Breher F. Syntheses, Reactivity and DFT Studies of Group 2 and Group 12 Metal Complexes of Tris(pyrazolyl)methanides Featuring “Free” Pyramidal Carbanions. Chemistry 2008; 14:5918-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Gärtner M, Görls H, Westerhausen M. Arylphosphanide Complexes of the Alkaline-Earth Metals Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, and Barium of the Formula (THF)nM[P(H)Ph]2 and Formation of Potassium Diphenylphosphinomagnesiates. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:1397-405. [DOI: 10.1021/ic702148v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gärtner
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, Jena D-07743, Germany
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29
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Gärtner M, Fischer R, Langer J, Görls H, Walther D, Westerhausen M. Syntheses and Structures of Alkaline Earth Metal Bis(diphenylamides). Inorg Chem 2007; 46:5118-24. [PMID: 17474740 DOI: 10.1021/ic700459d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various preparative procedures are employed in order to synthesize alkaline earth metal bis(diphenylamides) such as (i) metalation of HNPh2 with the alkaline earth metal M, (ii) metalation of HNPh2 with MPh2, (iii) metathesis reaction of MI2 with KNPh2, (iv) metalation of HNPh2 with PhMI in THF, and (v) metathesis reaction of PhMI with KNPh2 followed by a dismutation reaction yielding MPh2 and M(NPh2)2. The magnesium compounds [(diox)MgPh2]infinity (1) and (thf)2Mg(NPh2)2 (2) show tetracoordinate metal atoms, whereas in (dme)2Ca(NPh2)2 (3), (thf)4Sr(NPh2)2 (4), and (thf)4Ba(NPh2)2 (5) the metals are 6-fold coordinated. Additional agostic interactions between an ipso-carbon of one of the phenyl groups of the amide ligand and the alkaline earth metal atom lead to unsymmetric coordination of the NPh2 anions with two strongly different M-N-C angles in 3-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gärtner
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Str. 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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30
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Hatnean JA, Raturi R, Lefebvre J, Leznoff DB, Lawes G, Johnson SA. Assembly of Triangular Trimetallic Complexes by Triamidophosphine Ligands: Spin-Frustrated Mn2+ Plaquettes and Diamagnetic Mg2+ Analogues with a Combined Through-Space, Through-Bond Pathway for 31P-31P Spin−Spin Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:14992-9. [PMID: 17105311 DOI: 10.1021/ja065597i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of 2 equiv of the ligand precursor P(CH2NHPh)3 or P[CH2NH-3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]3 with 3 equiv of Mn[N(SiMe3)2]2 provide high-yielding routes to the triangular trinuclear Mn(II) complexes [P(CH2NPh)3]2Mn3(THF)3.1.5THF and [P(CH2N-3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)3]2Mn3(THF)3. The solid-state structures of these paramagnetic complexes have approximate C3 symmetry. The magnetic moments from 300 to 1.8 K could be fit as a magnetic Jahn-Teller distorted isosceles triangle. These complexes exhibit spin frustration and possess an S = 1/2 ground state, as revealed by a plot of magnetization versus field at 1.8 K; at fields above 3.8 T, the occupation of an excited state with S = 3/2 becomes significant. The diamagnetic magnesium analogues were prepared by the reaction of the ligand precursor P(CH2NHPh)3, P[CH2NH-3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]3, or P(CH2NH-3,5-Me2C6H3)3 with nBu2Mg. The solid-state structures of [P(CH2NPh)3]2Mg3(THF)3.1.5THF and [P(CH2N-3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)3]2Mg3(THF)3 were determined. Solution 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to demonstrate that the solid-state structures are maintained in solution. The aryl group of the terminal amido donor exhibits slow rotation on the NMR time scale, and this was found to be an electronic effect. Solution 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy revealed an unexpected 15 Hz coupling between phosphorus nuclei in these complexes. Calculations on a model complex using density functional theory demonstrates that this coupling occurs via a combined through-space, through-bond pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian A Hatnean
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
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31
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Nembenna S, Roesky HW, Mandal SK, Oswald RB, Pal A, Herbst-Irmer R, Noltemeyer M, Schmidt HG. Soluble Molecular Compounds with the Mg−O−Al Structural Motif: A Model Approach for the Fixation of Organometallics on a MgO Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:13056-7. [PMID: 17017777 DOI: 10.1021/ja064460p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a facile route to the molecular compounds with the Mg-O-Al structural motif. The reaction of Mg[N(SiMe3)2]2 (1) with a stoichiometric amount of LAlOH(Me) (2) [L = CH{(CMe)(2,6-iPr2C6H3N)}2] in THF/n-hexane at 0 degrees C results in the formation of the heterobimetallic compound (Me3Si)2NMg(THF)2-O-Al(Me)L (3) in high yield. The similar reaction of 1 equiv of Mg[N(SiMe3)2]2 and 2 equiv of LAlOH(Me) results in the formation of trimetallic compound L(Me)Al-O-Mg(THF)2-O-Al(Me)L (4). Structural analyses of 3 and 4 have been carried out, revealing the presence of the Mg-O-Al motif. A tentative assignment of the Mg-O-Al vibrations has been made and was supported by calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanappa Nembenna
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
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32
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Westerhausen M. Recent developments in the field of organic heterobimetallic compounds of the alkaline-earth metals. Dalton Trans 2006:4755-68. [PMID: 17033700 DOI: 10.1039/b609040k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterobimetallic compounds of the alkaline-earth metals show a wide structural variety with strongly differing reactivity patterns. The combination of magnesium and alkali metal amides yields cyclic molecules with an extreme high reactivity which often are considered as "inverse crowns" with the metal atoms as coordination sites for Lewis bases. In other metallates of the alkaline-earth metals an activation of alkyl groups succeeds. In alkaline-earth metal zincates an inverse coordination of the type M(2)[(mu-R)(2)ZnR](2) is observed and the alkyl groups are in bridging positions between zinc and the s-block metals thus forming a very reactive M-C-Zn three-center-two-electron bond. Furthermore, the metals of the carbon group form alkaline-earth metal-silicon, -germanium and -tin bonds or, in the presence of very strong Lewis bases, even solvent-separated ion pairs. For electronegative substituents at tin an inverse coordination mode such as M[(mu-R)(2)SnR](2) is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Str. 2, D-07743, Jena, Germany
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33
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Chang CC, Liao MC, Chang TH, Peng SM, Lee GH. Aluminum-Magnesium Complexes with Linearly Bridging Carbon Dioxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:7418-20. [PMID: 16247821 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Cheng Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
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34
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Chang CC, Liao MC, Chang TH, Peng SM, Lee GH. Aluminum-Magnesium Complexes with Linearly Bridging Carbon Dioxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Westerhausen M, Bollwein T, Makropoulos N, Piotrowski H. Ligand Exchange Reaction Between an Alkylzinc Primary Amide and a Dialkylmagnesium Compound: Crystal Structures of [(thf)MeMg-μ-N(H)SiiPr3]2 and (tmeda)Mg[N(H)SiiPr3]2. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:6439-44. [PMID: 16124825 DOI: 10.1021/ic0503277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of alkylzinc triisopropylsilylamide with dialkylmagnesium leads to a ligand exchange. Besides the starting materials, heteroleptic alkylmagnesium triisopropylsilylamide and homoleptic magnesium bis(triisopropylsilylamide) are detected by NMR spectroscopy. After the addition of 1,2-bis(dimethylamino)ethane (TMEDA) to the reaction mixture, (tmeda)Mg[N(H)SiiPr3]2 (1) precipitates as colorless cuboids (C24H60MgN4Si2, a = 2269.6(2), b = 1029.58(5), c = 1593.2(1) pm, beta = 120.826(8) degrees , monoclinic, C2/c, Z = 4). The amide nitrogen atoms are coordinated planarily with strongly widened Mg-N-Si bond angles of 139.2(1) degrees . The metalation of triisopropylsilylamine with dimethylmagnesium in THF yields quantitatively heteroleptic [(thf)MeMg-N(H)SiiPr3]2 (2) which crystallizes as colorless needles (C28H66Mg2N2O2Si2, a = 1982.4(2), b = 2034.1(1), c = 907.22(6) pm, beta = 95.021(9), monoclinic, P2(1)/n, Z = 4). Because of the bridging position of the triisopropylsilylamide anion, the tetracoordinate nitrogen atoms show rather long Mg-N bond lengths of 210.7 pm (average value).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Westerhausen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Str. 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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36
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Tang Y, Zakharov LN, Rheingold AL, Kemp RA. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Magnesium Amide Complexes Containing −N[(R)(SiMe3)] Ligands. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om049203c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
| | - Richard A. Kemp
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
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37
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O'Hair RAJ, Vrkic AK, James PF. Gas-Phase Synthesis and Reactivity of the Organomagnesates [CH3MgL2]- (L = Cl and O2CCH3): From Ligand Effects to Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:12173-83. [PMID: 15382954 DOI: 10.1021/ja048476w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multistage mass spectrometry experiments combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to examine the gas-phase synthesis and ion-molecule reactions of the organomagnesates [CH(3)MgL(2)](-) (L = Cl and O(2)CCH(3)). Neutral species containing an acidic proton (HX) react with the [CH(3)MgL(2)](-) ions via addition with concomitant elimination of methane to form [XMgL(2)](-) ions. Kinetic measurements combined with DFT calculations revealed reduced reactivity of [CH(3)Mg(O(2)CCH(3))(2)](-) toward water, caused by the bidentate binding mode of acetate, which induces overcrowding of the Mg coordination sphere. The [CH(3)MgL(2)](-) ions reacted with (i) aldehydes with enolizable protons via enolization rather than the Grignard reaction and (ii) CH(3)CO(2)H to complete a catalytic cycle for the decarboxylation of acetic acid. Other electrophilic reagents such as pivaldehyde, benzaldehyde, methyl iodide, and trimethylborate are unreactive. DFT calculations on the competition between enolization and the Grignard reaction for [CH(3)MgCl(2)](-) ions reacting with acetaldehyde suggest that while the latter has a smaller barrier, it is entropically disfavored.
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Vestergren M, Eriksson J, Håkansson M. Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis of “Chiral-at-Metal” Grignard Reagents and Transfer of the Chirality to Carbon. Chemistry 2003; 9:4678-86. [PMID: 14566873 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200305003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two new six-coordinate Grignard reagents, cis-[(p-CH(3)C(6)H(4))MgBr(dme)(2)] (1) and cis-[MgCH(3)(thf)(dme)(2)]I (2), have been synthesized and their crystal structures have been determined. Both reagents are cis-octahedral and therefore chiral. They crystallize as conglomerates and racemize rapidly in solution. By utilizing these properties, the absolute asymmetric synthesis of specifically the Delta or the Lambda enantiomer was achieved for both Grignard reagents. Enantiopure 1 and 2 were then reacted with butyraldehyde or benzaldehyde to give the corresponding alcohol in up to 22 % enantiomeric excess. At -60 degrees C, the Grignard reagents crystallize as racemic phases instead of conglomerates. Consequently, the crystal structures of rac-cis-[(p-CH(3)C(6)H(4))MgBr(dme)(2)].DME (3) and rac-cis-[MgCH(3)(thf)(dme)(2)]I (4) could be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vestergren
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Göteborg University, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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40
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Graham DL, Lowe PN, Grime GW, Marsh M, Rittinger K, Smerdon SJ, Gamblin SJ, Eccleston JF. MgF(3)(-) as a transition state analog of phosphoryl transfer. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2002; 9:375-81. [PMID: 11927263 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(02)00112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The formation of complexes between small G proteins and certain of their effectors can be facilitated by aluminum fluorides. Solution studies suggest that magnesium may be able to replace aluminum in such complexes. We have determined the crystal structure of RhoA.GDP bound to RhoGAP in the presence of Mg(2+) and F(-) but without Al(3+). The metallofluoride adopts a trigonal planar arrangement instead of the square planar structure of AlF(4)(-). We have confirmed that these crystals contain magnesium and not aluminum by proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy. The structure adopted by GDP.MgF(-) possesses the stereochemistry and approximate charge expected for the transition state. We suggest that MgF3(-) may be the reagent of choice for studying phosphoryl transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie L Graham
- Computational & Structural Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
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41
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Westerhausen M, Bollwein T, Makropoulos N, Schneiderbauer S, Suter M, Nöth H, Mayer P, Piotrowski H, Polborn K, Pfitzner A. Zinc- and Tin-Mediated C−C Coupling Reactions of Metalated (2-Pyridylmethyl)(trialkylsilyl)amines − Mechanistic, NMR Spectroscopic, and Structural Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0682(20022)2002:2<389::aid-ejic389>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Wehmschulte RJ, Twamley B, Khan MA. Synthesis and characterization of an unsolvated dimeric diarylmagnesium compound and its magnesium iodide byproducts. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:6004-8. [PMID: 11681917 DOI: 10.1021/ic010513m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Grignard reagent 2,6-Et(2)C(6)H(3)MgI(THF)(n), 1, undergoes rapid aryl exchange in THF solution at room temperature to afford the diorganomagnesium compound (2,6-Et(2)C(6)H(3))(2)Mg(THF)(n), 2, and the sparingly soluble salt Mg(THF)(6)I(2), 5. Removal of the coordinated THF in 2 under reduced pressure and elevated temperature affords the unique diorganomagnesium species [2,6-Et(2)C(6)H(3)Mg(mu-C(6)H(3)Et(2)-2,6)](2), 3, which features three-coordinate magnesium. Compound 3 is fluxional in benzene or toluene solution at room temperature and dissociates into monomeric (2,6-Et(2)C(6)H(3))(2)Mg around 115 degrees C. Recrystallization of crude 5 from benzene solution gave large well-shaped crystals of MgI(2)(THF)(3), 4, and 5. Benzene solutions of 4 and 5 are remarkably easily oxidized by laboratory air to MgI(THF)(5)I(3), 6. Compound 3 has been characterized by variable-temperature (1)H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, and compounds 4-6 have been characterized by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Wehmschulte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 620 Parrington Oval, Room 208, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA.
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Crystal structures of organometallic compounds of lithium and magnesium containing the bulky ligands C(SiMe3)2(SiMe2X) X=Me, Ph, NMe2, or C5H4N-2. J Organomet Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(01)01032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hanssen RW, Meetsma A, van Santen RA, Abbenhuis HC. Synthesis, structural characterization, and transmetalation reactions of a tetranuclear magnesium silsesquioxane complex. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:4049-52. [PMID: 11466067 DOI: 10.1021/ic0004131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a silsesquioxane trisilanol with methylmagnesium chloride leads to an unprecedented tetranuclear magnesium silsesquioxane complex 1 in high yield. The crystal structure shows an unusually short Mg-Cl bond, indicative of an electron-deficient magnesium atom; 1 has been used as transmetalation agent for the synthesis of metal silsesquioxane complexes. Transmetalation activity was low, but can easily be followed by multinuclear NMR. Crystal data for 1: C(78)H(142)Cl(2)Mg(4)O(26)Si(14).6(C(4)H(8)O), a = 15.744(1) A, b = 26.526(2) A, c = 16.917(1) A, beta = 113.229(2) degrees, monoclinic, P2(1)/n, Z = 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Hanssen
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Westerhausen M, Makropoulos N, Piotrowski H, Warchhold M, Nöth H. Homoleptic triisopropylsilylarsandiides of magnesium and divalent tin. J Organomet Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)00631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vestergren M, Gustafsson B, Davidsson Ö, Håkansson M. Octahedral Grignard Reagents Can Be Chiral at Magnesium This work was supported by the Swedish Natural Science Research Council (NFR). We thank Karin Bengtsson, Fredrik Blomgren, Henrik Glänneskog, and Dan Lundberg for preparative assistance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:3435-3437. [PMID: 11091380 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001002)39:19<3435::aid-anie3435>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Vestergren
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Göteborg (Sweden)
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Guérin B, Chabot C, Mackintosh N, Ogilvie WW, Guindon Y. Free radicals and Lewis acid. Chelation-controlled radical allylations of substituted α-halo- or α-phenylseleno-β-alkoxy esters. The endocyclic effect. CAN J CHEM 2000. [DOI: 10.1139/v00-074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The radical allylation of a series of α-halo or α-phenylseleno-β-alkoxy esters in the presence of MgBr2·OEt2 is reported and compared with analogous reactions under non-chelating conditions. The addition of MgBr2·OEt2 gives excellent selectivity favoring anti products; in some cases ratios >100:1 are obtained. Varying the substrate substituents reveals that these reactions are quite tolerant of alkyl functionalities at the β-position. Changes to the alkoxy function indicate that a chelate is involved in the reaction. The reactions are successful with secondary iodides, bromides, and phenylselenides, as well as tertiary iodides, which all give very high ratios under chelation control. Performing less well under the same conditions are substrates with a radical exocyclic to a tetrahydrofuran ring. EDTA titration is used to determine the amount of Mg2+ dissolved in the allylation reaction mixture, and 13C NMR is employed to better define the nature of the complex formed (chelate or monodentate) prior to the reaction. Competition experiments suggest that the chelate and monodentate pathways are in competition for the radical allylation with allyltributyltin.Key words: allylation, radicals, Lewis acid, stereoselectivity, 1,2-induction.
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Group 2 element precursors for the chemical vapor deposition of electronic materials. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(00)50004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Westerhausen M, Schneiderbauer S, Knizek J, Nöth H, Pfitzner A. Magnesiation of Triisopropylsilylphosphane: Synthesis and Structures of New Mg2nP2m Polyhedra. Eur J Inorg Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0682(199912)1999:12<2215::aid-ejic2215>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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