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Cevik P, Akca G, Asar NV, Avci E, Kiat-Amnuay S, Yilmaz B. Antimicrobial effects of nano titanium dioxide and disinfectants on maxillofacial silicones. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00135-X. [PMID: 37012133 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Deficient hygiene of maxillofacial prostheses can be a source of infection, and various disinfectants, including nano-oxides, have been suggested for the disinfection of silicone prostheses. While maxillofacial silicones involving nano-oxides at different sizes and concentrations have been evaluated in terms of their mechanical and physical properties, reports are lacking on the antimicrobial effect of nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) incorporated into maxillofacial silicones contaminated by different biofilms. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of 6 different disinfectants and nano TiO2 incorporation into maxillofacial silicone contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans biofilms. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 258 silicone specimens (129 pure silicones and 129 nano TiO2-incorporated silicones) were fabricated. Specimens in each silicone group (with or without nano TiO2) were divided into 7 disinfectant groups (control, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1% sodium hypochlorite, neutral soap, 100% white vinegar, and effervescent) in each biofilm group. Contaminated specimens were disinfected, and the suspension of each specimen was incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. Proliferated colonies were recorded in colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL). The differences in microbial levels among specimens were evaluated to test the effect of the type of silicone and the disinfectant (α=.05). RESULTS Significant difference was found among disinfectants regardless of the silicone type (P<.05). Nano TiO2 incorporation showed an antimicrobial effect on S aureus, E coli, and C albicans biofilms. Nano TiO2 incorporated silicone cleaned with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate had statistically less C albicans than pure silicone. Using white vinegar or 4% chlorhexidine gluconate led to no E coli on either silicone. Nano TiO2 incorporated silicone cleaned with effervescent had fewer S aureus or C albicans biofilms. CONCLUSIONS The tested disinfectants and nano TiO2 incorporation into silicone were effective against most of the microorganisms used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Cevik
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; and Research Scholar, Department of General Practice and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
| | - Gulcin Akca
- Professor, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Basic Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neset Volkan Asar
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Avci
- Epidemiologist, General Directorate of Public Health, Turkish Ministry of Health, Turkey
| | - Sudarat Kiat-Amnuay
- Professor and Section Head, Department of General Practice and Dental Public Health, Houston Center for Biomaterials and Biomimetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Associate Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, and Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Adjunct Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
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Abstract
AIM The aim of this article is to discuss the infection control measures with focus on those related to prosthodontic work. BACKGROUND The risk of transmission of several infectious microorganisms during dental procedures and the increased awareness and knowledge of infectious diseases have led to an increased attention to the importance of infection control. Prosthodontists and dental personnel are exposed directly or indirectly to a significant risk of acquiring healthcare-associated infections. REVIEW RESULTS High standards of occupational safety and dental infection control must be applied by dental personnel for the safety of patients and dental healthcare workers. All reusable items (critical and semicritical instruments) that come in contact with the patient's saliva, blood, or mucous membranes must be heat-sterilized. Proper disinfectants should be used to disinfect nonsterilizable instruments (e.g., wax knifes, dental shade plastic mixing spatula, guides, fox bite plane, articulators, and facebows). CONCLUSION In prosthodontics, items potentially contaminated with patient's blood and saliva are transported between dental clinics and dental laboratories. Such fluids may contain microorganisms with high potential for transmission of several diseases. Therefore, sterilization and disinfection of all items used during prosthodontic work should be part of infection control protocol in dental care setting. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In prosthodontic practice, a strict infection prevention plan should be implemented to minimalize the risk of infectious diseases transmission among prosthodontists, dental office, dental laboratory personnel, and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Mohammed Abdullah Al-Makramani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen, Phone: +966568557923, e-mail:
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Uy B, Read H, van de Pas S, Marnane R, Casu F, Swift S, Wiles S. The efficacy of commercial decontamination agents differs between standardised test settings and research laboratory usage for a variety of bacterial species. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13646. [PMID: 35860043 PMCID: PMC9291010 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Decontamination of surfaces and items plays an important role in reducing the spread of infectious microorganisms in many settings including hospitals and research institutes. Regardless of the location, appropriate decontamination procedures are required for maintaining biosafety and biosecurity. For example, effective decontamination of microbial cultures is essential to ensure proper biocontainment and safety within microbiological laboratories. To this end, many commercial decontamination agents are available which have been tested to a prescribed standard to substantiate their efficacy. However, these standardised tests are unlikely to accurately reflect many conditions encountered in medical and biomedical research. Despite this, laboratory workers and other users of decontamination agents may assume that all decontamination agents will work in all situations. We tested commonly used commercial decontamination agents against a range of bacterial species to determine their efficacy under real-world research laboratory conditions. As each decontamination agent has a different recommended dilution for use, to compare their efficacy we calculated their 'effective ratio' which reflects the difference between the manufacturer-recommended dilution and the dilution needed to achieve decontamination under real-world research laboratory conditions. Effective ratios above one indicate that the agent was effective at a dilution more dilute than recommended whereas effective ratios lower than one indicate that the agent required a higher concentration than recommended. Our results show that the quaternary ammonium agents TriGene Advance and Chemgene HLD4L were the most effective out of the agents tested, with biocidal activity measured at up to 64 times the recommended dilution. In contrast, hypochlorite (bleach) and Prevail™ (stabilised hydrogen peroxide) had the lowest effective ratios amongst the tested agents. In conclusion, our data suggests that not all decontamination agents will work at the recommended dilutions under real-world research laboratory conditions. We recommend that the protocols for the use of decontamination agents are verified under the specific conditions required to ensure they are fit for purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Uy
- Technical Services, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hannah Read
- Bioluminescent Superbugs Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shara van de Pas
- Bioluminescent Superbugs Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Marnane
- Technical Services, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Francesca Casu
- Health Safety and Wellbeing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Swift
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Siouxsie Wiles
- Bioluminescent Superbugs Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,Te Pūnaha Matatini, Auckland, New Zealand
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Bannwart LC, de Moraes Melo Neto CL, Dos Santos DM, Moreno ALDM, Pesqueira AA, Goiato MC, de Magalhães Bertoz AP. Dentistry and Intensive Care Unit: A Brief Report. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:449-453. [PMID: 34852392 PMCID: PMC9339926 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to verify whether removable dentures of patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) are niches of microorganisms that can cause pathologies (Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp., and enterobacteria). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen patients who were denture wearers (removable partial denture and complete denture) were included in this study. Patients must wear their dentures daily, and these dentures must have acrylic parts. Microbial biofilm was collected from the acrylic part of one denture of each patient. Then, the biofilm was seeded on different culture media: Sabouraud agar, blood agar, MacConkey agar, and mannitol salt agar. In this study, biochemical evaluations of microorganisms were performed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The percentage of dentures with the microorganism identified by each culture medium was calculated. RESULTS In total, 100% of the dentures were positive for Staphylococcus spp. (blood agar) and Candida spp. (Sabouraud agar); 33.3% of the dentures were positive for S. aureus (Mannitol salt agar); and 13.3% of the dentures were positive for Shigella spp. (MacConkey agar). CONCLUSION Removable dentures of patients (removable partial dentures and complete dentures) admitted to an ICU are niches of microorganisms that can cause pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane Cristina Bannwart
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Aracatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Micheline Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Aracatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Oral Oncology Center, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luiz de Melo Moreno
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Aracatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldiéris Alves Pesqueira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Aracatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Coelho Goiato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Aracatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Oral Oncology Center, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhang J, McGrath C, Chan KMK, Lam OLT. A randomised clinical trial on the effect of oral antimicrobial sprays in institutionalised elders. Gerodontology 2021; 39:391-400. [PMID: 34850428 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide, chlorhexidine and placebo sprays in improving oral hygiene among institutionalised elders. BACKGROUND Available evidence suggests that oral sprays may be an effective alternative delivery method for plaque control; however, few studies have evaluated antimicrobial agents other than chlorhexidine. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 228 elders across 11 nursing homes in Hong Kong were recruited into the clinical trial. Participants were randomly allocated into one of the following groups: 0.1% pH-balanced chlorine dioxide spray, 0.2% chlorhexidine spray or sterile water spray (placebo control), once daily. Dental plaque, gingival bleeding and other clinical oral health outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Participant acceptability of the interventions was assessed at the end of the clinical trial. RESULTS Review assessments were conducted for 135 elders at 6 months. Significantly greater reductions in plaque index scores were observed with the chlorhexidine spray (0.4) and chlorine dioxide spray (0.3) than the placebo spray (0.1). While significant reductions in gingival bleeding scores were observed within the chlorhexidine (7.4), chlorine dioxide (7.5) and placebo (5.3) sprays after 6 months, change scores were not significantly different between groups. Significantly greater increases in the levels of staining were observed in the chlorhexidine spray group (-0.1) than the chlorine dioxide (0.0) and placebo spray (0.0) groups. CONCLUSION Antimicrobial sprays were shown to be effective among institutionalised elders. Chlorine dioxide spray showed equivalent effects on dental plaque and gingival bleeding relative to the chlorhexidine spray over a 6-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaguan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Colman McGrath
- Periodontology and Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Karen M K Chan
- Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Otto L T Lam
- George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Ghaffari T, Rad FH, Pirzadeh T, Asgari G. Comparison of the disinfectant effects of Nanosil D2 and Korsolex extra solutions on thermoset acrylic resin contaminated with Streptococcus mutans and Bacillus subtilis. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2019; 10:90-94. [PMID: 31041189 PMCID: PMC6474163 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_363_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the disinfectant effects of Nanosil D2 and Korsolex extra on thermoset acrylic resin contaminated with Streptococcus mutans and Bacillus subtilis. In this experimental study, 90 acrylic samples were made and sterilized. Two samples were cultured as a sterilization control in brain-heart infusion (BHI) and the rest of samples were divided into two groups. Samples of one group were placed in a bacterial suspension of S. mutans and the samples of another group were placed in a suspension containing B. subtilis. Each group was divided into two subgroups for immersion in Nanosil or Korsolex extra solutions. Seven samples were selected from each group at each of 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h and transferred to the BHI test tube, and their turbidity was evaluated after 24 h. SPSS 17 software was used to analyze the data, and the significance level of test was considered P < 0.05. At 1 h, Bacillus level of Nanosil D2 was significantly lower than that of Korsolex extra, and at all ½, 1, and 2 h, the level of Streptococcus in Nanosil D2 solution was significantly lower than that of Korsolex extra (P < 0.05). Bacillus and Streptococcus levels showed significant reduction in both solutions over time. The disinfecting power of Nanosil D2 is more than that of Korsolex extra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Ghaffari
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Hamedi Rad
- Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Tahereh Pirzadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gahanbaksh Asgari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Properties of an acrylic resin after immersion in antiseptic soaps: Low-cost, easy-access procedure for the prevention of denture stomatitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203187. [PMID: 30161256 PMCID: PMC6117035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Denture stomatitis triggered by Candida species requires better preventive measures. This study evaluated the physical and biological properties of a denture base acrylic resin after immersion in antiseptic soaps. Acrylic resin specimens were prepared and stored in distinct solutions for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The solutions were as follows: DW: distilled water at 37°C (control group); DS: cycles of daily immersion in Dettol soap for 8 hours at room temperature, followed by immersion in distilled water for 16 hours at 37°C; PS: cycles of daily immersion in Protex soap, as described for the previous group; LS: cycles of daily immersion in Lifebuoy soap, as described for the DS group. The parameters evaluated at each time point were the following: biofilm formation capacity by Candida albicans and reduction of preformed fungal biofilms, cytotoxicity, surface roughness, hardness, and color change. For the fungal adhesion phase, the type of soap had a statistically significant effect (p = 0.0292), but after 24 hours, no differences were found between solutions or between storage times. Regarding the efficacy of biofilm reduction, there was a significant difference when the groups were compared to each other (p = 0.014). Dettol and Lifebuoy eliminated the preformed biofilm on the specimens. Moreover, all the soaps were classified as non-cytotoxic (on HaCaT cell line) because there was no difference in cell viability between the different groups, except after 21 days, when a decrease in cell viability occurred, regardless of the type of soap. Regarding the roughness, there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between the groups. Lifebuoy decreased resin hardness regardless of storage time (p = 0.003). After 21 and 28 days of storage, there was an increase in hardness value, regardless of the type of soap. The specimens’ color, according to the National Bureau of Standards values, ranged from 0.27 to 0.58 (i.e., imperceptible or mild color changes). In general, the disinfectant soaps were not able to prevent biofilm formation, but all the soaps were effective in reducing the preformed biofilm. In addition, all soaps were non-cytotoxic and did not change surface roughness, hardness (except Lifebuoy), and color (except Lifebuoy). Therefore, immersion in two antiseptic soaps (Protex and Dettol) may be a cheap and easy procedure for preventing denture stomatitis.
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Pawashe KG, Tewary S, Sanyal PK, Nilesh K. An In vitro Comparative Evaluation of Disinfectants on Standard and Clinical Microbial Strains on Heat Cure Resins. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC54-ZC58. [PMID: 28658908 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/24759.9866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral cavity is colonised by numerous micro-organisms that form a biofilm on the acrylic resin. Hence, routine hygiene is essential to prevent oral mucosal inflammation and lesions. Knowledge of appropriate disinfecting agents for acrylic resins is crucial in this context. AIM To compare and evaluate the effectiveness of four commercially available disinfectants on heat cure acrylic resin specimens contaminated with standard and clinical strains of two micro-organisms commonly inhabiting the oral microflora. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred acrylic resin specimens (n=200), 10 in each group were contaminated in vitro with 1x106 cells/ml suspensions of standard and clinical strains of micro-organisms (Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans) and were immersed in four disinfectants (1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate, 2% glutaraldehyde and 3.8% sodium perborate) for 10 minutes. The control group was not subjected to any disinfection process. For collection of clinical strains, oral swab was passed over the buccal mucosa and grown on blood agar culture media. Organism confirmation was done by growing them on selective culture media. Final counts of micro-organisms per ml were performed by plating method for evaluation of microbial level reduction. Results obtained were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS Standard strains of Candida albicans (C) and Streptoccocus mutans (S) subjected to various disinfectants showed varied mean Colony Forming Units per ml (CFU/ml) from <10,000 to 25,000 and <10000 to <50,000 respectively. Clinical strains and of Candida albicans (C) and Streptococcus mutans (S) subjected to various disinfectants showed varied mean CFU/ml from <10,000 to 50,000 and from 10,000 to 50,000 respectively. Control groups showed maximum mean CFU/ml (>105). All intergroup comparisons were highly significant (p<0.001; HS) and intragroup comparisons were significant (p<0.05; S) except the comparison of clinical strains of Streptococcusmutans subjected to 2% chlorhexidine digluconate and 2% glutaraldehyde which was found to be non significant (p>0.05; NS). CONCLUSION Almost 1% sodium hypochlorite was found to be the most effective disinfectant for both Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. The least effective disinfectant being: 3.8% sodium perborate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Gajanan Pawashe
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Malkapur, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shivsagar Tewary
- Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Malkapur, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pronob Kumar Sanyal
- Professor and Head, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Malkapur, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kumar Nilesh
- Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Malkapur, Karad, Maharashtra, India
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Gupta L, Aparna IN, Bhat S, Ginjupalli K. Effect of comonomer of methacrylic acid on flexural strength and adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to heat polymerized poly (methyl methacrylate) resin: An in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2017; 17:149-155. [PMID: 28584416 PMCID: PMC5450892 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_257_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare flexural strength and Staphylococcus aureus adhesion of heat-activated poly (methyl methacrylate [MMA]) resin modified with a comonomer of methacrylic acid (MAA) and MMA monomer. Materials and Methods: Comonomer preparation was done with the addition of varying concentration of MAA (0, 15, 20, and 25 wt %) to the MMA of conventional heat-activated denture base resin to prepare the specimens. Prepared specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 1 day and 1 week before the evaluation of flexural strength and microbial adhesion. Flexural strength was measured using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed for 2 mm/min (n = 10). Microbial adhesion (colony-forming unit [CFU]) was evaluated against S. aureus using a quadrant streaking method (n = 5). Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA, and the significant differences among the results were subjected to Tukey's HSD test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Addition of MAA to the MMA monomer was found to significantly reduce the adhesion of S. aureus for all the groups. Reduction of CFU of S. aureus was found be more significant for Group 3 as compared to control, both at 1-day (P < 0.001) and 1-week (P < 0.002) storage in distilled water. However, no statistically significant changes in the flexural strength were observed with the addition of MAA at 1-day (P = 0.52) and 1-week (P = 0.88) time interval. Conclusion: Addition of MAA to conventional denture base resin reduced the microbial adhesion without significantly affecting the flexural strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokendra Gupta
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - I N Aparna
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sujatha Bhat
- Department of Microbiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore Ginjupalli
- Department of Dental Materials, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Vasconcelos LR, Consani RLX, Mesquita MF, Sinhoreti MAC. Effect of chemical and microwave disinfection on the surface microhardness of acrylic resin denture teeth. J Prosthodont 2013; 22:298-303. [PMID: 23387984 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of simulated disinfections (2% glutaraldehyde, 1% sodium hypochlorite, and microwave energy) on the surface hardness of Trilux, Biocler, Biotone, New Ace, and Magister commercial artificial teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens (n = 10) were made with the teeth included individually in circular blocks of acrylic resin, leaving the labial surface exposed. Cycles of simulated chemical disinfection were accomplished with the specimens immersed in the solutions at room temperature for 10 minutes, followed by tap water washing for 30 seconds and storage in distilled water at room temperature for 7 days until the next disinfection. Simulated disinfection by microwave energy was carried out in a domestic oven with 1300 W at a potency of 50% for 3 minutes with the specimens individually immersed in 150 ml of distilled water. Control (no disinfection) and the experimental groups (first and third disinfection cycles) were submitted to Knoop hardness measurements with indentations at the center of the labial tooth surface. Data were submitted to repeated measure two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Biocler, Magister, and Trilux showed lower surface microhardness when submitted to microwave. Lower microhardness for Biotone was promoted by hypochlorite, while no significant difference was shown for New Ace. The third disinfection cycle significantly decreased the tooth surface hardness only for microwave. CONCLUSIONS Different disinfection methods promoted different effects on the microhardness of different types of artificial teeth. Surface microhardness of the teeth was less affected by the simulated chemical disinfections when compared to microwaved specimens.
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Hope CK, Griffiths DA, Prior DM. Finding an Alternative to Formalin for Sterilization of Extracted Teeth for Teaching Purposes. J Dent Educ 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2013.77.1.tb05445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Silva PMBD, Acosta EJTR, Jacobina M, Pinto LDR, Porto VC. Effect of repeated immersion solution cycles on the color stability of denture tooth acrylic resins. J Appl Oral Sci 2012; 19:623-7. [PMID: 22230997 PMCID: PMC3973464 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572011000600013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Chemical solutions have been widely used for disinfection of dentures, but their
effect on color stability of denture tooth acrylic resins after repeated
procedures is still unclear. The aim of this in vitro study was
to evaluate whether repeated cycles of chemical disinfectants affected the color
stability of two denture tooth acrylic resins. Material and Methods Sixty disc-shaped specimens (40 mm x 3 mm) were fabricated from two different
brands (Artiplus and Trilux) of denture tooth acrylic resin. The specimens from
each brand (n=30) were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=5) and immersed in the
following solutions: distilled water (control group) and 5 disinfecting solutions
(1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% sodium hypochlorite, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 2%
glutaraldehyde, and 4% chlorhexidine gluconate). Tooth color measurements were
made by spectrophotometry. Before disinfection, the initial color of each tooth
was recorded. Further color measurements were determined after subjecting the
specimens to 7, 21, 30, 45, 60, and 90 immersion cycles in each tested solution.
Color differences (ΔE*) were determined using the CIE L*a*b* color system. Data
were analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA)
followed by Tukey tests. The significance level was set at 5%. Results There were statistically significant differences in ΔE* among the 5 disinfectants
and water during the 90 cycles of immersion for both denture tooth acrylic resins.
Distilled water promoted the greatest color change in both denture tooth acrylic
resins, nevertheless none of tested disinfectants promoted ΔE* values higher than
1.0 on these acrylic materials during the 90 cycles of disinfection. Conclusions Repeated immersion cycles in disinfecting solutions alter ∆E* values, however
these values do not compromise the color of the tested denture tooth acrylic
resins because they are imperceptible to the human eye.
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Milton Rocha Gusmão J, Pereira RP. Treatment protocol for denture stomatitis, prior to anatomical molding. Gerodontology 2012; 30:232-5. [PMID: 22506854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2012.00661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Disinfecting the acrylic resin plate using electrolyzed acid water and 2% glutaraldehyde: a comparative microbiological study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2012; 11:36-44. [PMID: 22379304 DOI: 10.1007/s13191-011-0057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marked bactericidal activity of the electrolyzed acid water (EAW) and its less undesirable effects on biological tissues and the environment has been successfully utilized in dental practice. A review of literature reveals that not many studies have been performed to determine the disinfection effect of EAW on heat cured acrylic denture bases. The objective of the study is to determine the efficacy of EAW in disinfecting heat cured acrylic resin specimens as compared to the efficacy of disinfecting the specimens using 2% glutaraldehyde. Heat cured acrylic resin plates were immersed in Bacteria suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus and later disinfected using EAW which was produced using a custom made electrolyzing apparatus and 2% glutaraldehyde for different time intervals. The numbers of surviving bacteria were counted. As the control, the bacteria attached on the specimens were counted with out any disinfection treatment. The results obtained were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and post-hoc test. The disinfection potential of 2% glutaraldehyde was better than EAW when the specimens were disinfected for 1 and 3 min. Where as when the disinfection time was increased to 5 min there was no difference between EAW and 2% glutaraldehyde. However considering that the disinfecting time can be easily extended to 5 min, EAW can be effectively used for disinfecting the acrylic denture.
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Effectiveness of two disinfectant solutions and microwave irradiation in disinfecting complete dentures contaminated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Am Dent Assoc 2012; 143:270-7. [DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2012.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Consani RLX, Soave T, Mesquita MF, Sinhoreti MAC, Mendes WB, Guiraldo RD. Effect of repeated microwave disinfections on bonding of different commercial teeth to resin denture base. Gerodontology 2011; 29:e553-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2011.00516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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da Silva PMB, Acosta EJTR, de Rezende Pinto L, Graeff M, Spolidorio DMP, Almeida RS, Porto VC. Microscopical analysis of Candida albicans biofilms on heat-polymerised acrylic resin after chlorhexidine gluconate and sodium hypochlorite treatments. Mycoses 2011; 54:e712-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2010.02005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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de Freitas Fernandes FS, Pereira-Cenci T, da Silva WJ, Filho APR, Straioto FG, Del Bel Cury AA. Efficacy of denture cleansers on Candida spp. biofilm formed on polyamide and polymethyl methacrylate resins. J Prosthet Dent 2011; 105:51-8. [PMID: 21194588 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(10)60192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Orsi IA, Junior AG, Villabona CA, Fernandes FHCN, Ito IY. Evaluation of the efficacy of chemical disinfectants for disinfection of heat-polymerised acrylic resin. Gerodontology 2010; 28:253-7. [PMID: 20609007 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2010.00400.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the efficacy of disinfectants on the internal aspect of heat-polymerised acrylic resin contaminated with microbial strains. BACKGROUND Dentures absorb oral fluids and become contaminated by different microorganisms. METHODS Two hundred and fifty rectangular specimens were made of heat-polymerised acrylic resin, and then divided into five groups corresponding to the microbial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, S. mutans and Enterococcus faecalis). After contamination, the specimens were immersed in 1 and 2% sodium hypochlorite and 2% glutaraldehyde for periods of 5, 10 and 15 min. The specimens were placed into tubes containing different broths and incubated at 35°C and then visually analysed. Turbidity in the medium indicated microbial growth. The Fisher's exact test was used in the analysis of the results. RESULTS The strain E. faecalis was the most resistant to the disinfectant solutions, and among them, glutaraldehyde was more effective than 2 and 1% hypochlorite for disinfection for 5 min; in the 10-min period there were no differences between the disinfectants. In 15 min of immersion, 1% hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde were more effective than 2% hypochlorite. CONCLUSIONS Disinfection for 10 min with 1% hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde is effective in disinfecting the internal aspect of heat-polymerised acrylic resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara Augusta Orsi
- Fixed Partial Dentures, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Consani RLX, Carmignani MR, Mesquita MF, Correr-Sobrinho L, Guiraldo RD. Effect of microwave treatment on the shear bond strength of different types of commercial teeth to acrylic resin. Gerodontology 2010; 27:236-42. [PMID: 20545779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2009.00333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of microwave treatment on the shear bond strength of commercial types of teeth to acrylic resin, when the glossy ridge laps were unmodified (groups 1 and 5), bur abraded (groups 2 and 6), bur grooved (groups 3 and 7) or etched by monomer (groups 4 and 8). BACKGROUND Controversial findings have shown that mechanical or chemical changes in ridge-lap surface of the tooth increase or decrease the bond strength between tooth and acrylic resin, and the microwave disinfection may cause different changes on this bond strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty specimens (n = 10) were made with the acrylic resin bonded to tooth glossy ridge lap, polymerised in water at 74 degrees C for 9 h, and deflasked after flask cooling. Specimens of the groups 5, 6, 7 and 8 were individually immersed in 150 ml of water and submitted to microwave treatment in an oven at 650 W for 3 min. Control specimens (groups 1, 2, 3 and 4) were not microwave treated. Shear bond strength test was performed in an Instron machine with a cross-speed of 1 mm/min. Collected data were submitted to anova and Tukey's test (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS Microwave treatment decreased the shear bond strength values of the tooth/resin bond. In the microwaved and non-microwaved procedures, mechanical retention improved the shear bond strength when compared with the control and monomer treatments. CONCLUSION Shear bond strength of the tooth/resin bond was influenced by the microwave treatment and different commercial teeth association, and was lower for the Biotone tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael L X Consani
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Shambhu HS, Gujjari AK. A study on the effect on surface detail reproduction of alginate impressions disinfected with sodium hypochlorite and ultraviolet light - An In Vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2010; 10:41-7. [PMID: 23204720 PMCID: PMC3453175 DOI: 10.1007/s13191-010-0005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To evaluate the surface detail reproduction of dental casts with impressions made using commercially available alginate impression materials after disinfecting with chemical disinfectant sodium hypochlorite and physical means of disinfection using ultraviolet radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A stainless steel die was used to make impression according to ADA/ANSI specification No. 18 having 25, 50 and 75 µm lines. Totally 70 impressions were made and divided in to 7 groups. The impressions in the first group were only rinsed with 250 ml of water. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were disinfected by immersing in sodium hypochlorite for 1, 5 and 10 minutes, respectively. Fifth, 6th and 7th group samples were disinfected by placing them in ultraviolet chamber for 6, 12 and 18 minutes, respectively. All the impressions were poured immediately using type III gypsum. The casts were recovered and subjected for evaluation of the 75 µm lines using stereomicroscope. RESULTS There was no statistically significant change in the surface detail reproduction when disinfected with sodium hypochlorite or ultraviolet radiation. CONCLUSION Alginate impressions subjected to immersion disinfection using sodium hypochlorite for 1, 5 and 10 minutes and subjected to ultraviolet disinfection for 6, 12 and 18 minutes exhibited no statistically significant differences for surface detail reproduction compared to control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. S. Shambhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, J.S.S. Dental College and Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka India
| | - Anil Kumar Gujjari
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, J.S.S. Dental College and Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka India
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Oliveira Paranhos HF, Silva-Lovato CH, de Souza RF, Cruz PC, de Freitas-Pontes KM, Watanabe E, Ito IY. Effect of Three Methods for Cleaning Dentures on Biofilms Formed In Vitro on Acrylic Resin. J Prosthodont 2009; 18:427-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2009.00450.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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da Silva FC, Kimpara ET, Mancini MNG, Balducci I, Jorge AOC, Koga-Ito CY. Effectiveness of Six Different Disinfectants on Removing Five Microbial Species and Effects on the Topographic Characteristics of Acrylic Resin. J Prosthodont 2008; 17:627-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2008.00358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Consani RLX, Iwasaki RY, Mesquita MF, Mendes WB, Consani S. Effect of repeated simulated disinfections by microwave energy on the complete denture base adaptation. Open Dent J 2008; 2:61-6. [PMID: 19088884 PMCID: PMC2581535 DOI: 10.2174/1874210600802010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of repeated microwave disinfections on the adaptation of the maxillar denture base using 2 different flask closure methods. Twenty stone cast-wax base sets were prepared for flasking by traditional cramp or RS system methods. Five bases for each method were submitted to 5 repeated simulated disinfections in a microwave oven with 650W for 3 minutes. Control bases were not disinfected. Three transverse cuts were made through each stone cast-resin base set, corresponding to canine, first molar, and posterior region. Measurements were made using an optical micrometer at 5 points for each cut to determine base adaptation: left and right marginal limits of the flanges, left and right ridge crests, and midline. Results for base adaptation performed by the flask closure methods were: traditional cramp (non-disinfected = 0.21 ± 0.05mm and disinfected = 0.22 ± 0.05mm), and RS system (non-disinfected = 0.16 ± 0.05 and disinfected = 0.17 ± 0.04mm). Collected data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (α=.05). Repeated simulated disinfections by microwave energy did not cause deleterious effect on the base adaptation, when the traditional cramp and RS system flask closure methods were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael L X Consani
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dentistry School, State University of Campinas, Piraci-caba, SP, Brazil
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Consani RLX, Mesquita MF, Zampieri MH, Mendes WB, Consani S. Effect of the simulated disinfection by microwave energy on the impact strength of the tooth/acrylic resin adhesion. Open Dent J 2008; 2:13-7. [PMID: 19088877 PMCID: PMC2581534 DOI: 10.2174/1874210600802010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of simulated microwave disinfection on the tooth/acrylic resin impact strength. Acrylic molar teeth with a wax stick attached to the ridge lap were included in brass flasks. Specimens were made with Classico thermopolymerized acrylic resin, according to the groups: 1 and 5 - tooth with no treatment (control); 2 and 6 - tooth bur abrasion; 3 and 7 - tooth bur retention; and 4 and 8 - tooth monomer etch. Eighty specimens (n=10) were polymerized in bath cycle at 74( masculine)C for 9 hours and deflasked after flask cooling. Specimen from groups 2, 4, 6 and 8 was submitted to simulated microwave disinfection in a microwave oven at 650W for 3 minutes. Impact strength test was performed with an Otto Wolpert-Werke machine (Charpy system) with an impact load of 40 kpcm. Fracture load value was transformed into impact strength as a function of the bond area (kfg/cm(2)). Collected data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha=.05) and results indicate that the simulated microwave disinfection decreased the impact strength in all treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael L X Consani
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dentistry School, State University of Campinas, Brazil
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Consani RLX, Mesquita MF, de Arruda Nobilo MA, Henriques GEP. Influence of simulated microwave disinfection on complete denture base adaptation using different flask closure methods. J Prosthet Dent 2007; 97:173-8. [PMID: 17394916 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Denture microwave disinfection may result in dimensional changes that may distort the acrylic resin base, causing discomfort to the patient. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of simulated microwave disinfection on maxillary denture base adaptation using 2 different flask closure methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty stone cast-wax base sets were prepared for flasking by the traditional flask closure (TFC) and Restriction System flask closure (RSFC) methods (n=20). The RSFC consists of 2 iron plates to hold the flask during definitive flask closure, maintaining the flask in a closed position after release of pressure. Acrylic resin (Classico) was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. After polymerization in water at 74 degrees C for 9 hours, the bases were removed following flask cooling and submitted to conventional finishing with abrasive stones and pumice slurry. Ten bases for each TFC or RSFC method (n=10) were submitted to simulated disinfection (SD) in 150 mL distilled water in a microwave oven at 650 W for 3 minutes; control bases for each TFC or RSFC method (n=10) were not disinfected (ND). Three transverse cuts were made through each stone cast-resin base set, corresponding to the distal of canines, mesial of first molars, and posterior palatal region. Measurements were made in the bases using an optical micrometer at 5 points for each cut to determine adaptation: left and right marginal limits of the flanges, left and right ridge crests, and midline. Collected data were submitted to 3-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey HSD test (alpha=.05). RESULTS Dimension gap values (mm) for ND denture bases prepared by the RSFC method were significantly lower (0.16 +/- 0.05) when compared to the TFC method (0.21 +/- 0.05) (P<.027). Simulated disinfection statistically improved the base adaptation in bases prepared by the TFC method (0.17 +/- 0.03), compared to the ND bases (0.21 +/- 0.05) (P<.027). Simulated disinfection statistically significantly improved base adaptation (P<.0001) only in the distal of canines (ND=0.13 +/- 0.01; SD=0.11 +/- 0.03) and the posterior palatal region (ND=0.25 +/- 0.04; SD=0.21 +/- 0.01) when bases were prepared by the TFC method. CONCLUSION Simulated disinfection by microwave energy improved denture base adaptation when the TFC method was used, but did not statistically alter base adaptation for the RSFC method.
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Pavan S, Arioli Filho JN, Dos Santos PH, Nogueira SS, Batista AUD. Effect of Disinfection Treatments on the Hardness of Soft Denture Liner Materials. J Prosthodont 2007; 16:101-6. [PMID: 17362419 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2007.00162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of disinfection treatments with chemical solutions (2% glutaraldehyde, 5% sodium hypochlorite, and 5% chlorhexidine) and microwave energy on the hardness of four long-term soft denture liners. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty rectangular specimens of four soft lining materials (Molloplast-B, Ufi Gel P, Eversoft, and Mucopren soft) were made for each material. Ten samples of each material were immersed in different disinfectant solutions for 10 minutes or placed in a microwave oven for 3 minutes at 500 W. The hardness values were obtained with a Shore A durometer, before the first disinfection cycle (control), and also after two cycles of disinfection. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p < 0.01). RESULTS The highest value of hardness was obtained for Molloplast-B, independent of the disinfection technique. Mucopren soft demonstrated intermediate values and Ufi Gel P and Eversoft the lowest values of Shore A hardness. For Molloplast-B, the disinfection using glutaraldehyde demonstrated the highest value of hardness. The number of disinfections had no effect on the hardness values for all the materials studied and disinfection techniques. CONCLUSIONS The application of two disinfection cycles did not change the Shore A hardness values for all the materials. The glutaraldehyde solution demonstrated the highest values of Shore A hardness for the Molloplast-B, Mucopren soft, and Ufi Gel P materials, while Eversoft did not present any differences in hardness when submitted to different disinfection treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Pavan
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ellakwa AE, El-Sheikh AM. Effect of chemical disinfectants and repair materials on the transverse strength of repaired heat-polymerized acrylic resin. J Prosthodont 2006; 15:300-5. [PMID: 16958731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2006.00131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate both the effects of immersion in different chemical disinfectant solutions and the type of repair material on the transverse strength of repaired heat-polymerized acrylic resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 110 rectangular specimens (65 x 10 x 3 mm) of heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Triplex) were fabricated. After polymerization, the specimens were polished, then stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 1 week. The specimens were divided into 11 groups (n = 10) coded A to K. Specimens of Group A remained intact (control). The specimens of Groups C to F and Groups H to K were immersed in the following chemical disinfectant solutions (1%, 2.5%, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 2% glutaraldehyde, respectively) for 10 minutes. The specimens of all groups except those of Group A were sectioned in the middle to create 10 mm gaps and repaired with the same resin (Groups B to F) and autopolymerizing acrylic resin (Groups G to K). The specimens of Groups C to F and Groups H to K were again immersed in the disinfectant solutions in the same sequence. The transverse strength (N/mm(2)) was tested for failure in a universal testing machine, at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to evaluate the effects of both the disinfectant solutions and repair materials on the transverse strength of repaired specimens. All data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test at 95% confidence level. RESULTS The repaired specimens treated with/without disinfectant solutions showed similar (p > 0.05) transverse strength values. No differences (p > 0.05) were detected among the repaired specimens either with heat-polymerized or autopolymerizing acrylic resins. The intact specimens showed transverse strength values (86.9 +/- 11.8) significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the values of the repaired specimens. CONCLUSIONS Among the repaired specimens, transverse strength was not affected after immersion in the disinfectants for the immersion period tested (10 min). The repair material, either heat-polymerized or autopolymerizing acrylic resin, had no effect on the transverse strength of the repaired acrylic resin specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman E Ellakwa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Biomaterials Unit, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Orsi IA, Andrade VG. Effect of chemical disinfectants on the transverse strength of heat-polymerized acrylic resins submitted to mechanical and chemical polishing. J Prosthet Dent 2004; 92:382-8. [PMID: 15507913 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2004.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Immersion in chemical solutions used for cleansing and disinfecting prostheses can decrease the strength of denture base resins, making them more prone to fracture during use. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of immersion in different chemical disinfectants for varying time periods on the transverse strength of 3 mechanically or chemically polished heat-polymerized acrylic resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 630 rectangular specimens (65 x 10 x 3 mm), 210 per resin (Classico, Lucitone 550, and QC-20), were fabricated. One side of each specimen was not polished and the other was either mechanically (n=300) or chemically (n=300) polished, and immersed for 10, 20, 30, 45, or 60 minutes in either 1%, 2.5%, or 5.25% sodium hypochlorite or 2% glutaraldehyde. Mechanically polished (n=15) and chemically polished (n=15) control specimens were immersed only in distilled water. The transverse strength (N/mm 2 ) was tested for failure in a universal testing machine, at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Data were statistically analyzed using 2-way ANOVA and Student t test. Multiple comparisons were performed using Tukey and Scheffe tests (alpha=.05). RESULTS There was significant difference (P < .01) between types of polishing, with chemical polishing resulting in lower transverse strength. ANOVA identified significant differences (P < .01) in strength between mechanically polished Lucitone 550 and QC-20, and among all 3 chemically polished resins. No significant differences were observed between resins submitted to both types of polishing or between different immersion periods (10 to 60 minutes), disinfectants, or interaction. CONCLUSIONS Lucitone 550 resin presented the greatest transverse strength values with both types of polishing. Among the mechanically and chemically polished specimens, transverse strength was not affected after immersion in the disinfectants for the immersion periods tested (10 to 60 minutes). Chemically polished control and experimental (immersed in all solutions) QC-20 specimens showed significant differences in transverse strength values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara Augusta Orsi
- Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Mohammad AR, Giannini PJ, Preshaw PM, Alliger H. Clinical and microbiological efficacy of chlorine dioxide in the management of chronic atrophic candidiasis: an open study. Int Dent J 2004; 54:154-8. [PMID: 15218896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2004.tb00272.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical and microbiological efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) as a topical antiseptic for the treatment of chronic atrophic candidiasis in geriatric patients. PARTICIPANTS Thirty patients with chronic atrophic candidiasis. METHODS Patients were instructed to rinse the mouth with 0.8% ClO2 mouth rinse (DioxiDent) twice daily for one minute and to soak their dentures overnight in the ClO2 for 10 days. Patients were evaluated both clinically and microbiologically at baseline and after 10 days, and any significant side effects were recorded. The clinical appearance of the oral soft tissues was scored on a scale of 0-3 (0 indicating no clinical signs, 1 indicating involvement of < 25% of the palatal mucosa, 2 indicating involvement of 25-50% of the palatal mucosa, and 3 indicating marked erythema involving > 50% of the palatal mucosa). Microbiological testing was undertaken to determine the number of colony forming units (CFUs) of Candida albicans. RESULTS ClO2 significantly improved the clinical appearance and microbial count (p < 0.001) after treatment, without significant side effects. Results showed marked improvement in the clinical appearance of the tissues after 10 days, with total resolution in the majority of cases. The total CFU/ml ranged from 15,000-53,000 at baseline and was reduced to < or = 500 after 10 days of treatment (p < 0.001). The mean clinical score was 2.50 at baseline, and was reduced to 0.17 after 10 days of treatment (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this pilot study, the effectiveness of topical chlorine dioxide (0.8%) in the management of chronic atrophic candidiasis was demonstrated. ClO2 provided a safe and clinically effective option in the management of chronic atrophic candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel R Mohammad
- The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Section of Primary Care, Postle Hall Office 3058, 305 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Pavarina AC, Pizzolitto AC, Machado AL, Vergani CE, Giampaolo ET. An infection control protocol: effectiveness of immersion solutions to reduce the microbial growth on dental prostheses. J Oral Rehabil 2003; 30:532-6. [PMID: 12752936 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This investigation evaluated the effectiveness of an infection control protocol for cleansing and disinfecting removable dental prostheses. Sixty-four dentures were rubbed with sterile cotton swab immediately after they had been taken from patients' mouths. Samples were individually placed in the culture medium and immediately incubated at 37 +/- 2 degrees C. The dentures were scrubbed for 1 min with 4% chlorhexidine, rinsed for 1 min in sterile water and placed for 10 min in one of the following immersion solutions: 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1% sodium hypochlorite, Biocide (iodophors) and Amosan (alkaline peroxide). After the disinfection procedures, the dentures were immersed in sterile water for 3 min, reswabbed and the samples were incubated. All samples obtained in the initial culture were contaminated with micro-organisms. All the lower dentures immersed in Biocide showed positive growth, and the upper dentures were positive for growth in six of eight dentures. The 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1% sodium hypochlorite and Amosan solutions have been proved effective to reduce the growth of the micro-organisms in the 10 min immersion period. The protocol evaluated in this study seems to be a viable method to prevent cross-contamination between dental personnel and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Pavarina
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara Dental School, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Waltimo TM, Orstavik D, Sirén EK, Haapasalo MP. In vitro susceptibility of Candida albicans to four disinfectants and their combinations. Int Endod J 1999; 32:421-9. [PMID: 10709489 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.1999.00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of seven strains of Candida albicans to four disinfectants: iodine potassium iodide, chlorhexidine acetate, sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide. In addition, all possible pairs of the disinfectants were tested in order to compare the effect of the combination and its components. METHODOLOGY Filter paper discs were immersed in standardized yeast suspensions and then transferred to disinfectant solutions of different concentrations and incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 s, 5 min, 1 h and 24 h. After incubation the filter paper discs were transferred to vials with PBS and glass beads that were then vigorously shaken for dispersal of the yeast cells. PBS with resuspended yeasts was serially diluted 10-fold. Droplets of 25 microL from each dilution were inoculated on TSB agar plates and incubated in air at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The number of colony-forming units was then calculated from appropriate dilutions. RESULTS C. albicans cells were highly resistant to calcium hydroxide. Sodium hypochlorite (5% and 0.5%) and iodine (2%) potassium iodide (4%) killed all yeast cells within 30 s, whilst chlorhexidine acetate (0.5%) showed complete killing after 5 min. Combinations of disinfectants were equally or less effective than the more effective component. All C. albicans strains tested showed similar susceptibility to the medicaments tested. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that sodium hypochlorite, iodine potassium iodide and chlorhexidine acetate are more effective than calcium hydroxide against C. albicans in vitro. However, combining calcium hydroxide with sodium hypochlorite or chlorhexidine may provide a wide-spectrum antimicrobial preparation with a long-lasting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Waltimo
- NIOM, Scandinavivan Institute of Dental Materials, Haslum, Norway.
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Rutala WA, Weber DJ. Uses of inorganic hypochlorite (bleach) in health-care facilities. Clin Microbiol Rev 1997; 10:597-610. [PMID: 9336664 PMCID: PMC172936 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.10.4.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypochlorite has been used as a disinfectant for more than 100 years. It has many of the properties of an ideal disinfectant, including a broad antimicrobial activity, rapid bactericidal action, reasonable persistence in treated potable water, ease of use, solubility in water, relative stability, relative nontoxicity at use concentrations, no poisonous residuals, no color, no staining, and low cost. The active species is undissociated hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Hypochlorites are lethal to most microbes, although viruses and vegetative bacteria are more susceptible than endospore-forming bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Activity is reduced by the presence of heavy metal ions, a biofilm, organic material, low temperature, low pH, or UV radiation. Clinical uses in health-care facilities include hyperchlorination of potable water to prevent Legionella colonization, chlorination of water distribution systems used in hemodialysis centers, cleaning of environmental surfaces, disinfection of laundry, local use to decontaminate blood spills, disinfection of equipment, decontamination of medical waste prior to disposal, and dental therapy. Despite the increasing availability of other disinfectants, hypochlorites continue to find wide use in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Rutala
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, USA
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Abstract
This study demonstrated that bacteria penetrate three kinds of dental acrylic resin after a short time period. Samples of acrylic resin were contaminated with a variety of bacteria and were then placed in three different disinfecting solutions as directed by the manufacturers. After the specific dilution and immersion time, cultures were made from the resin samples. The only effective disinfectant was a 0.525% solution of sodium hypochlorite at a 10-minute immersion. It disinfected not only the surfaces but also the bacteria that penetrated the surfaces to a depth of 3 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Chau
- USAF Dental Corps, United States Air Force, Travis Air Force Base, Calif, USA
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Abstract
Denture stomatitis is a common recurring problem of the denture wearers. The aetiology of the disease includes infection, trauma and probably a defect in the host defence mechanism. Current thinking suggests an interplay of most of these factors in the pathogenesis of the disease. The extent of interplay of these factors is still a controversy. Candida albicans has been implicated as the causative organism. However, in the light of recent research it is debatable if it is the only causative organism. Recently, cases resistant to antifungal therapy have been reported. In such cases other micro-organisms have been isolated. At the moment, comprehensive management includes meticulous denture hygiene together with anti-fungal or antibacterial therapy and correction of denture faults.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jeganathan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National University of Singapore
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Assery M, Sugrue PC, Graser GN, Eisenberg AD. Control of microbial contamination with commercially available cleaning solutions. J Prosthet Dent 1992; 67:275-7. [PMID: 1538340 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3913(92)90467-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The elimination of cross-contamination from operatory to laboratory is required for effective infection control. This study determined whether microbial cross-contamination occurs during cleaning of dental prostheses with an ultrasonicator and examined ways to reduce or eliminate the contamination that might occur. The antimicrobial activities of a temporary cement remover and tartar and stain remover were compared with deionized water and a known strong antimicrobial agent. All solutions were assessed without and with ultrasonication. The microbicidal strains were cultured in brain-heart infusion broth, with and without acrylic resin slabs, and the organisms were killed either without or with sonication and without or with acrylic resin slabs. Further testing with natural plaque-contaminated denture materials is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Assery
- Department of Prosthodontics, Eastman Dental Center, Rochester, N.Y
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van Noort R, Brown D, Causton BE, Combe EC, Fletcher AM, Lloyd CH, McCabe JF, Piddock V, Sherriff M, Strang R. Dental materials: 1989 literature review. J Dent 1990; 18:327-52. [PMID: 2074311 DOI: 10.1016/0300-5712(90)90134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R van Noort
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield
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