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Javid M, Nickavar B, Vahidi H, Faramarzi MA. Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of progesterone by Aspergillus sojae PTCC 5196. Steroids 2018; 140:52-57. [PMID: 30055193 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Microbial transformations are capable of producing steroid substances difficult to synthesize by chemical methods. Strains belonging to the genus Aspergillus are effective facilitators of microbial biotransformations due to their enzymatic diversity. In this study, the biotransformation of progesterone by the fungus Aspergillus sojae (A. sojae) PTCC 5196 was examined. Analysis of the bioconversion process revealed that progesterone was converted to testololactone through a three-step pathway (17β-acetyl side chain cleavage, 17β-hydroxyl oxidation, and oxygenative lactonization of 17-ketone), indicating the presence of Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) activity in the fungal strain. GC analysis confirmed the production of testololactone with a yield of 99% in 24 h. Faster testololactone production was induced in the presence of both C-21 (progesterone) and C-19 (androstenedione, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA]) steroid substances. Due to the high biotransformation rate observed in the present study, A. sojae may be a novel and promising candidate in the production of testololactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Javid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Nickavar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Vahidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
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Awadhiya P, Banerjee T, Patil S. Bioconversion of 16-dehydropregnenolone Acetate to Exclusively 4-androstene-3,17-dione by Delftia acidovorans MTCC 3363. Pol J Microbiol 2017; 66:321-326. [PMID: 29319524 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.4858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Delftia acidovorans MTCC 3363 was found to convert 16-dehydropregnenolone acetate (16-DPA) exclusively to 4-androstene-3, 17-dione (AD). Addition of 9α-hydroxylase inhibitors was not required for preventing the accumulation of byproducts. The effect of pH, temperature, substrate concentration, surfactants and carrier solvents on this bioconversion has been studied. 16-DPA was maximally converted in buffered medium at pH 7.0, at temperature 30°C and 0.5 mg ml-1 substrate concentration. Detergent addition and temperature above 35°C had deleterious effect on bioconversion. Dioxan was found to be the best carrier solvent for biotransformation of 16-DPA to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Awadhiya
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India
| | - Tushar Banerjee
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India
| | - Shridhar Patil
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India
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Sharma M, Sharma R. Drugs and drug intermediates from fungi: Striving for greener processes. Crit Rev Microbiol 2014; 42:322-38. [PMID: 25159041 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2014.947240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There is an ever-increasing demand of newer and improved drugs from biological sources to cater to the bio-pharmaceutical sector. Among various other resources, fungal species have an immense contribution owing to their potential to carry out the bio-transformations and drug synthesis in diverse conditions and in an eco-friendly manner. Advancement in the biotechnological processes has accelerated the process. Genome sequence information of various fungal species has opened newer avenues for improved and faster drug targeting and designing. The review highlights the production of pharmaceutical drugs and drug intermediates like antibiotics, anti-cancer, anti-cholesterol, anti-diabetic, immunosuppressant, anti-anxiety, anti-virals and many other drugs from fungus. Many of these have been commercialized and there are many more which are either in research or in clinical trial phase. There is a need to exploit and explore the vast biota of fungi in the hope of discovering untapped therapeutic uses of the earth's countless species of fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sharma
- a Department of Biotechnology , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India and
| | - Rohit Sharma
- b Centre for Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
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Leisch H, Morley K, Lau PCK. Baeyer−Villiger Monooxygenases: More Than Just Green Chemistry. Chem Rev 2011; 111:4165-222. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1003437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Leisch
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Krista Morley
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Peter C. K. Lau
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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Yildirim K, Uzuner A, Gulcuoglu EY. Biotransformation of some steroids by Aspergillus terreus MRC 200365. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc2009545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The biotransformations of testosterone, epiandrosterone, progesterone and pregnenolone byAspergillus terreusMRC 200365 for five days were described. The biotransformation of testosterone afforded testolactone. The biotransformation of epiandrosterone afforded 3β-hydroxy-17a-oxa-D-homo-5α-androstan-17-one. The biotransformation of progesterone afforded androst-4-ene-3,17-dione and testolactone. The biotransformation of pregnenolone afforded 3β-hydroxy-17a-oxa-D-homoandrost-5-en-17-one and testolactone.
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Kołek T, Szpineter A, Swizdor A. Studies on Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of steroids: DHEA and pregnenolone D-lactonization pathways in Penicillium camemberti AM83. Steroids 2009; 74:859-62. [PMID: 19481558 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Penicillium camemberti AM83 strain is able to carry out effective Baeyer-Villiger type oxidation of DHEA, pregnenolone, androstenedione and progesterone to testololactone. Pregnenolone and DHEA underwent oxidation to testololactone via two routes: through 4-en-3-ketones (progesterone and/or androstenedione respectively) or through 3beta-hydroxy-17a-oxa-d-homo-androst-5-en-17-one. Analysis of transformation progress of studied substrates as function of time indicates that the 17beta-side chain cleavage and oxidation of 17-ketones to d-lactones are catalyzed by two different, substrate-induced, BVMOs. In the presence of a C-21 substrate (pregnenolone or progesterone) induction of the enzyme catalyzing cleavage at 17beta-acetyl chain was observed, whereas DHEA and androstenedione induced activity of the BVMO responsible for the ring-D oxidation; 5-en-3beta-alcohol was a more effective inducer that the respective 4-en-3-ketone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kołek
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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Transformation of 5-ene steroids by the fungus Aspergillus tamarii KITA: mixed molecular fate in lactonization and hydroxylation pathways with identification of a putative 3beta-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase/Delta5-Delta4 isomerase pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2008; 1791:110-7. [PMID: 19136076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The fungus Aspergillus tamarii metabolizes progesterone to testololactone in high yield through a sequential four step enzymatic pathway which, has demonstrated flexibility in handling a range of steroidal probes. These substrates have revealed that subtle changes in the molecular structure of the steroid lead to significant changes in route of metabolism. It was therefore of interest to determine the metabolism of a range of 5-ene containing steroidal substrates. Remarkably the primary route of 5-ene steroid metabolism involved a 3beta-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase/Delta(5)-Delta(4) isomerase (3beta-HSD/isomerase) enzyme(s), generating 3-one-4-ene functionality and identified for the first time in a fungus with the ability to handle both dehydroepiansdrosterone (DHEA) as well as C-17 side-chain containing compounds such as pregnenolone and 3beta-hydroxy-16alpha,17alpha-epoxypregn-5-en-20-one. Uniquely in all the steroids tested, 3beta-HSD/isomerase activity only occurred following lactonization of the steroidal ring-D. Presence of C-7 allylic hydroxylation, in either epimeric form, inhibited 3beta-HSD/isomerase activity and of the substrates tested, was only observed with DHEA and its 13alpha-methyl analogue. In contrast to previous studies of fungi with 3beta-HSD/isomerase activity DHEA could also enter a minor hydroxylation pathway. Pregnenolone and 3beta-hydroxy-16alpha,17alpha-epoxypregn-5-en-20-one were metabolized solely through the putative 3beta-HSD/isomerase pathway, indicating that a 17beta-methyl ketone functionality inhibits allylic oxidation at C-7. The presence of the 3beta-HSD/isomerase in A. tamarii and the transformation results obtained in this study highlight an important potential role that fungi may have in the generation of environmental androgens.
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Kołek T, Szpineter A, Swizdor A. Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of DHEA, pregnenolone, and androstenedione by Penicillium lilacinum AM111. Steroids 2008; 73:1441-5. [PMID: 18755205 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) produced by Penicillium lilacinum AM111, in contrast to other enzymes of this group known in the literature, is able to process 3beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroid substrates. Transformation of DHEA and pregnenolone yielded, as a sole or main product, 3beta-hydroxy-17a-oxa-d-homo-androst-5-en-17-one, a new metabolite of these substrates; pregnenolone was transformed also to testololactone. Testololactone was the only product of oxidation of androstenedione by P. lilacinum AM111. Investigations of the time evolution of reaction progress have indicated that the substrates stimulate activity of BVMO(s) of P. lilacinum AM111.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kołek
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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Microbial transformation of phytosterols mixture from rice bran oil unsaponifiable matter by selected bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Porter RB, Gallimore WA, Reese PB. Steroid transformations with Exophiala jeanselmei var. lecanii-corni and Ceratocystis paradoxa. Steroids 1999; 64:770-9. [PMID: 10577834 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(99)00066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The fungi Exophiala jeanselmei var. lecanii-corni [IMI (International Mycological Institute) 312989, UAMH (University of Alberta Microfungus Collection and Herbarium) 8783] and Ceratocystis paradoxa (IMI 374529, UAMH 8784) have been examined for their potential in steroid biotransformation. The study has determined that E. jeanselmei var. lecanii-corni effected overall anti-Markovnikov hydration on dehydroisoandrosterone, and side-chain degradation on a variety of pregnanes. Both ascomycetes were found to carry out redox reactions of alcohols and ketones as well as 1,4 reduction of alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Porter
- Chemistry Department, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
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Winter J, Morris GN, O'Rourke-Locascio S, Bokkenheuser VD, Mosbach EH, Cohen BI, Hylemon PB. Mode of action of steroid desmolase and reductases synthesized by Clostridium "scindens" (formerly Clostridium strain 19). J Lipid Res 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)37722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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