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Prisby RD. Mechanical, hormonal and metabolic influences on blood vessels, blood flow and bone. J Endocrinol 2017; 235:R77-R100. [PMID: 28814440 PMCID: PMC5611884 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue is highly vascularized due to the various roles bone blood vessels play in bone and bone marrow function. For example, the vascular system is critical for bone development, maintenance and repair and provides O2, nutrients, waste elimination, systemic hormones and precursor cells for bone remodeling. Further, bone blood vessels serve as egress and ingress routes for blood and immune cells to and from the bone marrow. It is becoming increasingly clear that the vascular and skeletal systems are intimately linked in metabolic regulation and physiological and pathological processes. This review examines how agents such as mechanical loading, parathyroid hormone, estrogen, vitamin D and calcitonin, all considered anabolic for bone, have tremendous impacts on the bone vasculature. In fact, these agents influence bone blood vessels prior to influencing bone. Further, data reveal strong associations between vasodilator capacity of bone blood vessels and trabecular bone volume, and poor associations between estrogen status and uterine mass and trabecular bone volume. Additionally, this review highlights the importance of the bone microcirculation, particularly the vascular endothelium and NO-mediated signaling, in the regulation of bone blood flow, bone interstitial fluid flow and pressure and the paracrine signaling of bone cells. Finally, the vascular endothelium as a mediator of bone health and disease is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda D Prisby
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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2
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Suurmond J, van der Velden D, Kuiper J, Bot I, Toes RE. Mast cells in rheumatic disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 778:116-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Fujita T, Ohue M, Fujii Y, Jotoku T, Miyauchi A, Takagi Y, Tsuchiya M, Endo Y. Prompt Analgesic Effect of Antihistaminic Diphenhydramine Ointment on Bone-Joint-Muscle Pain as Assessed by Skin Impedance. Pharmacology 2013; 92:158-66. [DOI: 10.1159/000354151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Longhini R, de Oliveira PA, de Souza Faloni AP, Sasso-Cerri E, Cerri PS. Increased apoptosis in osteoclasts and decreased RANKL immunoexpression in periodontium of cimetidine-treated rats. J Anat 2012. [PMID: 23198931 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that histamine interferes with the recruitment, formation and activity of osteoclasts via H(1)- and H(2)-receptors. Cimetidine is a H(2)-receptor antagonist used for treatment of gastric ulcers that seems to prevent bone resorption. In this study, a possible cimetidine interference was investigated in the number of alveolar bone osteoclasts. The incidence of osteoclast apoptosis and immunoexpression of RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand) was also evaluated. Adult male rats were treated with 100 mg kg(-1) of cimetidine for 50 days (CimG); the sham group (SG) received saline. Maxillary fragments containing the first molars and alveolar bone were fixed, decalcified and embedded in paraffin. The sections were stained by H&E or submitted to tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) method. TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling) method and immunohistochemical reactions for detecting caspase-3 and RANKL were performed. The number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts, the frequency of apoptotic osteoclasts and the numerical density of RANKL-positive cells were obtained. Osteoclast death by apoptosis was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In CimG, TRAP-positive osteoclasts with TUNEL-positive nuclei and caspase-3-immunolabeled osteoclasts were found. A significant reduction in the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts and a high frequency of apoptotic osteoclasts were observed in CimG. Under TEM, detached osteoclasts from the bone surface showed typical features of apoptosis. Moreover, a significant reduction in the numerical density of RANKL-positive cells was observed in CimG. The significant reduction in the number of osteoclasts may be due to cimetidine-induced osteoclast apoptosis. However, RANKL immunoexpression reduction also suggests a possible interference of cimetidine treatment in the osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Longhini
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Brazil
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Yamaura K, Shigemori A, Suwa E, Ueno K. Expression of the histamine H4 receptor in dermal and articular tissues. Life Sci 2012; 92:108-13. [PMID: 23154242 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Histamine H(4) receptor was identified in 2000 and is the most recently identified of the four histamine receptors. It is expressed primarily in immune cells and is involved in physiologic functions related to inflammation and allergy. Recently, the H(4) receptor was highlighted as a promising therapeutic target in atopic dermatitis, asthma, and chronic arthritis. In fact, some H(4) receptor antagonists have reached clinical trials for the treatment of asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis. Based on an initial assessment of distribution, the H(4) receptor has been referred to as the histamine receptor of the hematopoietic system. However, the H(4) receptor has also been implicated in the regulation of other non-hematopoietic systems. Here, we review the expression and function of the H(4) receptor with a focus on dermal and articular tissues. In skin, the H(4) receptor is expressed in both the epidermis and dermis, with stronger receptor expression in the epidermis. In articular tissue, H(4) receptor expression has been detected in synovial cells. Chondrocytes, a major cell sources for cartilage tissue engineering, also express the H(4) receptor. Further understanding of the functions of H(4) receptors in non-hematopoietic cells might lead to novel treatments for diseases with unmet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Yamaura
- Department of Geriatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan.
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Takito J, Nakamura M, Yoda M, Tohmonda T, Uchikawa S, Horiuchi K, Toyama Y, Chiba K. The transient appearance of zipper-like actin superstructures during the fusion of osteoclasts. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:662-72. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.090886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multinucleated osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption. Hypermultinucleated osteoclasts are often observed in some bone-related diseases such as Paget's disease and cherubism. The cellular mechanics controlling the size of osteoclasts is poorly understood. We introduced EGFP–actin into RAW 264.7 cells to monitor actin dynamics during osteoclast differentiation. Before their terminal differentiation into osteoclasts, syncytia displayed two main types of actin assembly, podosome clusters and clusters of zipper-like structures. The zipper-like structures morphologically resembled the adhesion zippers found at the initial stage of cell–cell adhesion in keratinocytes. In the zipper-like structure, Arp3 and cortactin overlapped with the distribution of dense F-actin, whereas integrin β3, paxillin and vinculin were localized to the periphery of the structure. The structure was negative for WGA–lectin staining and biotin labeling. The zipper-like structure broke down and transformed into a large actin ring, called a podosome belt. Syncytia containing clusters of zipper-like structures had more nuclei than those with podosome clusters. Differentiated osteoclasts with a podosome belt also formed the zipper-like structure at the cell contact site during cell fusion. The breakdown of the cell contact site resulted in the fusion of the podosome belts following plasma membrane fusion. Additionally, osteoclasts in mouse calvariae formed the zipper-like structure in the sealing zone. Therefore, we propose that the zipper-like actin superstructures might be involved in cell–cell interaction to achieve efficient multinucleation of osteoclasts. Understanding of the zipper-like structure might lead to selective therapeutics for bone diseases caused by hypermultinucleated osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Takito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakamura
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Tohmonda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Uchikawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Toyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Chronic hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is a common cause of metabolic bone disease. These studies investigated the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the detrimental actions of elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the skeleton. Bone biopsies from hyperparathyroid patients revealed an association between parathyroid bone disease and increased numbers of bone marrow mast cells. We therefore evaluated the role of mast cells in the etiology of parathyroid bone disease in a rat model for chronic HPT. In rats, mature mast cells were preferentially located at sites undergoing bone turnover, and the number of mast cells at the bone-bone marrow interface was greatly increased following treatment with PTH. Time-course studies and studies employing parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), as well as inhibitors of platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A, trapidil), kit (gleevec), and PI3K (wortmannin) signaling revealed that mature mast cell redistribution from bone marrow to bone surfaces precedes and is associated with osteitis fibrosa, a hallmark of parathyroid bone disease. Importantly, mature mast cells were not observed in the bone marrow of mice. Mice, in turn, were resistant to the development of PTH-induced bone marrow fibrosis. These findings suggest that the mast cell may be a novel target for treatment of metabolic bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell T Turner
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Jobke B, Pfeifer M, Minne HW. Teriparatide following bisphosphonates: initial and long-term effects on microarchitecture and bone remodeling at the human iliac crest. Connect Tissue Res 2009; 50:46-54. [PMID: 19212852 DOI: 10.1080/03008200802412462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the approval of teriparatide for clinical application, a number of iliac crest studies have focused on increases in bone volume or changes in structural parameters with microCT and numerical changes in histomorphometry. This investigation is based on individual histopathological observations related to early and late effects of teriparatide treatment in humans. A total of 44 (18 paired) iliac crest biopsies (ICB) from 41 patients receiving teriparatide (10 months +/- 6 months) following bisphosphonate (BP) treatment were investigated for hematopoietic changes, bone turnover, and description of microarchitectural changes using histology and selective microCT. Fully 71% of the ICB showed a normal or high bone turnover; 56% of the paired ICB presented an increase in bone turnover following teriparatide treatment. Early teriparatide stimulation (<1 month) resulted in peritrabecular fibroblast-like formations. Rare findings (<9%) included reactive hematopoietic changes, osteoidosis, endosteal fibrosis, microcallus, or woven bone. Round mast cells were frequently observed within marrow spaces. A total of 14% had an increase in cortical porosity, approximately 20% demonstrated signs of intratrabecular resorption sites. Teriparatide treatment resulted in an increase in remodeling units as early as 1 week after the first application with a continuous stimulation up to 18 months of rhPTH treatment despite previous BPs. Subgroups of patients developed increased cortical and/or intratrabecular resorption pattern, with unclear biomechanical significance. This mechanism could potentially result in new trabecular structures with an increase in trabecular number. Some individuals presented histological findings (e.g., fibrosis) that may require adjustment of treatment that could be of importance for clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Jobke
- Former Institute for Bone Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
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IKAWA Y, YONEKAWA T, OHKUNI Y, KURIBAYASHI M, FUKINO K, UENO K. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HISTAMINE ACTIVITIES ON DIFFERENTIATION OF OSTEOBLASTS AND OSTEOCLASTS. J Toxicol Sci 2007; 32:555-64. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.32.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko IKAWA
- Department of Geriatric Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Taeko YONEKAWA
- Department of Geriatric Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yukie OHKUNI
- Department of Geriatric Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Mariko KURIBAYASHI
- Department of Geriatric Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Katsumi FUKINO
- Department of Geriatric Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Koichi UENO
- Department of Geriatric Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Shoji N, Yoshida A, Yu Z, Endo Y, Sasano T. Lipopolysaccharide stimulates histamine-forming enzyme (histidine decarboxylase) activity in murine dental pulp and gingiva. Arch Oral Biol 2006; 51:856-60. [PMID: 16769033 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To examine the potential role of the histamine-forming enzyme, histidine decarboxylase (HDC), in oral inflammation and disease, we studied HDC activity in oral tissue after induction by bacterial agents. Following injection of E. coli-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into mice, we measured the quantitative changes in HDC activity over time in dental pulp and gingiva. Oral tissue taken from individual mice was insufficient for detecting precise HDC activity, thus, we combined dental pulp or gingival tissues from four mice and assayed them over the course of 24 h. Our results indicate that LPS stimulated marked elevations of HDC activity in dental pulp and gingiva. This increase reached a maximum at 6 h after LPS injection and remained detectable at for least 24 h. Since mast cells are known to produce histamine through a difference mechanism than HDC induction, we compared LPS-induced HDC activity in dental pulp and gingiva to that in ear skin (a tissue rich in mast cells) and liver (a tissues lacking in mast cells). LPS also induced a marked increase in the HDC activity in liver and ear skin at 6 h after LPS injection. By contrast, saline injection had no effect on the HDC activity in any of the four tissues, although basal levels of HDC activity in ear skin was markedly higher than basal HDC activity in the other three kinds of tissues. Still, the relative increase in LPS-induced HDC activity in dental pulp and gingiva were much greater than that in ear skin. Since liver are devoid of mast cells and ear skin is considered the tissue richest in mast cells, the differences in HDC activity between tissues indicates that histamine induced by LPS may be produced by cells other than mast cells through another mechanism of action. These results also suggest that histamine produced in oral tissues in response to bacterial agents such as LPS could be involved in development of pulpitis or gingivitis (periodontitis), the most common diseases in the dental clinic, and that efforts to inhibit HDC activity, which elevates histamine levels in oral tissues, might offer the basis for novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Shoji
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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11
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Ferencz V, Meszaros S, Csupor E, Toth E, Bors K, Falus A, Horvath C. Increased bone fracture prevalence in postmenopausal women suffering from pollen-allergy. Osteoporos Int 2006; 17:484-91. [PMID: 16432646 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-005-0011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to investigate whether pollen-allergy can affect bone mass and fractures in postmenopausal women. METHODS A total of 125 postmenopausal pollen-allergic women (mean age: 61.26 yr) were split into four groups: (1) treated with neither H1 histamine receptor (H1R) antagonist nor inhaled corticosteroid (n=43); (2) treated only with H1R antagonist (n=53); (3) treated with both H1R antagonist and inhaled corticosteroid (n=17); (4) treated with only inhaled corticosteroid (n=12). Treatment, in the appropriate groups, had occurred for at least 5 years, seasonally. One-hundred non-allergic postmenopausal subjects matched for age, body mass index (BMI), and age at menopause served as controls. RESULTS Overweight and obesity (25 kg/m(2) < or =BMI) were common among the allergic women (76%). Allergic patients without treatment had a slightly lower bone density than their non-allergic counterparts. The rate (34.9%) of prevalent low-energy fractures (distal forearm, hip, and clinical vertebral fractures) in untreated allergic patients was almost triple that observed in non-allergic women (13%, chi(2) p=0.003). Bone fracture occurred more often in H1R-only treated patients (30.19%) than in controls (chi(2) p=0.01); however, clinical vertebral or hip fractures developed neither in those treated only with H1R antagonist nor in those who received both H1R antagonist and inhaled corticosteroid. Bone fractures were more frequent among patients with inhaled steroid treatment than among patients with a combined treatment of inhaled steroid and antihistamine (50 versus 29.4%). BMI predicted prevalent fractures at 1.278 (95% CI: 1.047-1.559, p=0.016) for a 1 kg/m(2) increase among untreated allergic patients. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we found a high prevalence of low-energy fractures among pollen-allergic postmenopausal women which was associated with obesity. It is possible that the H1R antagonists compensate for both the negative effect of pollen-allergy and the adverse effect of inhaled corticosteroid treatment on bone fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Ferencz
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Koranyi Sandor 2/A, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
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Qiu J, Beckman MJ, Qian J, Jiranek W. Simultaneous labeling of mast cell proteases and protease mRNAs at the bone-implant interface of aseptically loosened hip implants. J Orthop Res 2005; 23:942-8. [PMID: 15972256 DOI: 10.1016/j.orthres.2005.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Revised: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human mast cells (MC) exhibit two distinct phenotypes based on the protease content of their secretory granules. MC(TC) cells express tryptase, chymase, cathepsin G, and mast cell carboxypeptidase, while MC(T) cells express only tryptase. Both mast cell phenotypes were assessed near regions of osteolysis in uninfected failed joint implants by immunohistochemistry with antibodies to tryptase and chymase, and by in situ hybridization with anti-sense RNA probes for the respective mRNA molecules. Specimens from the interface membrane of 32 aseptically loosened total hip implants were studied, 28 of which had mast cells of the MC(TC) type. Most of these mast cells were aligned along the bone-prosthesis interface adjacent to loosened implants, suggesting involvement in the chronic inflammatory response that leads to bone resorption. Further ultrastructural evidence of mast cells in tissues from failed joint interface membranes was shown by transmission electron microscopy, and detection by staining after magnetic activated cell sorting. The presence of MC at the periprosthetic interface of eroded bone suggests MC degranulation and activity are associated with osteolysis in failed joint prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23298-0694, USA
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Lesclous P, Guez D, Baroukh B, Vignery A, Saffar JL. Histamine participates in the early phase of trabecular bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Bone 2004; 34:91-9. [PMID: 14751566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2003.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that cimetidine, a reference H2 receptor antagonist, attenuates the initial osteoclastic burst and subsequent trabecular bone loss induced by ovariectomy (ovx) in rats. This study was designed to determine whether these effects are specific to H2 antagonism. To this end, we compared the effects of two H2 receptor antagonists, cimetidine and famotidine. In addition, we analyzed the response of histamine-producing cells to these inhibitors. Seventy-two 90-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized or sham-operated, and received single daily intramuscular injections of cimetidine (125 mg/kg), famotidine (10 mg/kg), or vehicle. The animals were killed 14 days after surgery and their femurs were processed for histomorphometry. Trabecular bone volume was reduced by 30% in ovx rats and by 15% in cimetidine- and famotidine-treated rats. Architectural parameters were reduced by about 20% in ovx rats. Cimetidine and famotidine attenuated these consequences of ovx by about 50%. Trabecular connectivity was deteriorated by ovx, while cimetidine and famotidine attenuated this effect. Resorption parameters were increased by ovx, while cimetidine and famotidine prevented this increase. Kinetic bone formation parameters were increased by ovx, while cimetidine and famotidine had no influence. Neither cimetidine nor famotidine had any observable effect in sham-treated rats. Mast cell numbers increased by 250% in ovx rats and by only 40% in H2 antagonists-treated ovx rats. A resident histamine-positive, non-mast cell, population found in bone marrow was increased by 25% by ovx. Interestingly, cimetidine and famotidine reduced this population in both sham-operated and ovx rats, famotidine being more potent than cimetidine. These results show that H(2) receptor blockade partially prevents the consequences of castration on cancellous bone resorption in female rats, and strongly suggest that histamine participates in the mediator network regulating estrogen deficiency induced bone resorption. A large population of histamine-producing cells, which differ morphologically from mast cells and belong to an immature marrow population, may be a source of histamine in this model. The H(2) blockers targeted this population, and this effect appeared to explain the anti-resorptive action of the two drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ph Lesclous
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiopathologie Crânio-faciales, Groupe Physiopathologie Osseuse, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université René Descartes Paris 5, 92120 Montrouge, France
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Fitzpatrick LA, Buzas E, Gagne TJ, Nagy A, Horvath C, Ferencz V, Mester A, Kari B, Ruan M, Falus A, Barsony J. Targeted deletion of histidine decarboxylase gene in mice increases bone formation and protects against ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:6027-32. [PMID: 12716972 PMCID: PMC156320 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0934373100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted disruption of the histidine decarboxylase gene (HDC(-/-)), the only histamine-synthesizing enzyme, led to a histamine-deficient mice characterized by undetectable tissue histamine levels, impaired gastric acid secretion, impaired passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, and decreased mast cell degranulation. We used this model to study the role of histamine in bone physiology. Compared with WT mice, HDC(-/-) mice receiving a histamine-free diet had increased bone mineral density, increased cortical bone thickness, higher rate of bone formation, and a marked decrease in osteoclasts. After ovariectomy, cortical and trabecular bone loss was reduced by 50% in HDC(-/-) mice compared with WT. Histamine deficiency protected the skeleton from osteoporosis directly, by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, and indirectly, by increasing calcitriol synthesis. Quantitative RT-PCR showed elevated 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase and markedly decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase mRNA levels. Serum parameters confirming this indirect effect included elevated calcitriol, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand concentrations, and suppressed parathyroid hormone concentrations in HDC(-/-) mice compared with WT mice. After ovariectomy, histamine-deficient mice were protected from bone loss by the combination of increased bone formation and reduced bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Fitzpatrick
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Yamaura K, Yonekawa T, Nakamura T, Yano S, Ueno K. The histamine H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine, inhibits the articular osteopenia in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis by suppressing the osteoclast differentiation induced by histamine. J Pharmacol Sci 2003; 92:43-9. [PMID: 12832854 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.92.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of cimetidine on rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) and rat osteoclast differentiation were studied. For the in vivo experiments, AA was induced by injections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA either subcutaneously into the base of the tail or into the right hind paw. The osteoclast differentiation was assessed by estimating the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinuclear cells in the bone marrow culture. Cimetidine, at the dose of 25 mg/kg body weight, reduced the paw swelling by 70% (P<0.01). Cimetidine, at 10 microM concentration, inhibited 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25[OH](2)D(3)) and histamine mediated osteoclast differentiations by 40% (P<0.01) and 60% (P<0.001), respectively. Dimaprit, at 0.3 microM, stimulated the cell differentiation by 100% (P<0.01). Mepyramine reduced osteoclast differentiation, but the reduction was not statistically significant. Measurements of bone mineral density of the femur indicated that 5 mg/kg of cimetidine treated animals had 30% (P<0.01) higher mineral density in comparison with that of the AA control group that received no cimetidine. These results suggest that histamine is a potent inducer of osteoclast differentiation, at least in part, through the histamine H(2)-receptor, and cimetidine has a preventive effect on articular destruction and accompanying inflammation in arthritic rats. These observations may provide critical insights into the pathogenesis of the bone pathology seen in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Yamaura
- Department of Geriatric Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan
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Lotinun S, Sibonga JD, Turner RT. Triazolopyrimidine (trapidil), a platelet-derived growth factor antagonist, inhibits parathyroid bone disease in an animal model for chronic hyperparathyroidism. Endocrinology 2003; 144:2000-7. [PMID: 12697708 DOI: 10.1210/en.2002-221000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid bone disease in humans is caused by chronic hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Continuous infusion of PTH into rats results in histological changes similar to parathyroid bone disease, including increased bone formation, focal bone resorption, and severe peritrabecular fibrosis, whereas pulsatile PTH increases bone formation without skeletal abnormalities. Using a cDNA microarray with over 5000 genes, we identified an association between increased platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) signaling and PTH-induced bone disease in rats. Verification of PDGF-A overexpression was accomplished with a ribonuclease protection assay. Using immunohistochemistry, PDGF-A peptide was localized to mast cells in PTH-treated rats. We also report a novel strategy for prevention of parathyroid bone disease using triazolopyrimidine (trapidil). Trapidil, an inhibitor of PDGF signaling, did not have any effect on indexes of bone turnover in normal rats. However, dramatic reductions in marrow fibrosis and bone resorption, but not bone formation, were observed in PTH-treated rats given trapidil. Also, trapidil antagonized the PTH-induced increases in mRNA levels for PDGF-A. These results suggest that PDGF signaling is important for the detrimental skeletal effects of HPT, and drugs that target the cytokine or its receptor might be useful in reducing or preventing parathyroid bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutada Lotinun
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Oguri S, Motegi K, Endo Y. Augmented lipopolysaccharide-induction of the histamine-forming enzyme in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1637:83-90. [PMID: 12527411 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(02)00217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of the microcirculation and reduced resistance to infection are major complications in diabetes. Histamine enhances capillary permeability, and may also reduce cellular immunity. Here we demonstrate that streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in mice not only enhances the activity of the histamine-forming enzyme, histidine decarboxylase (HDC), but also augments the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced elevation of HDC activity in various tissues, resulting in a production of histamine. The augmentation of HDC activity occurred as early as 2 days after STZ injection, but was not seen in nondiabetic mice. When given to STZ-treated mice, nicotinamide, an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, reduced both the elevation of blood glucose and the elevations of HDC activity and histamine production. These results suggest that hyperglycemia may initiate a sequence of events leading not only to an enhancement of basal HDC activity, but also to a sensitization of mice to the HDC-inducing action of LPS. We hypothesize that bacterial infections and diabetic complications may mutually exacerbate one another because both involved an induction of HDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senri Oguri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, 980-8575, Sendai, Japan
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Lesclous P, Guez D, Saffar JL. Short-term prevention of osteoclastic resorption and osteopenia in ovariectomized rats treated with the H(2) receptor antagonist cimetidine. Bone 2002; 30:131-6. [PMID: 11792575 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(01)00629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ovariectomy rapidly induces strong osteoclast differentiation, leading to a marked loss of cancellous bone in the rat appendicular skeleton. As we found that histamine inhibition prevented periosteal bone resorption in rats, we tested the hypothesis that cimetidine, an H(2) receptor antagonist, prevents the osteoclastic burst and subsequent trabecular bone loss in this setting. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized (ovx) or sham-operated. Rats from each group received daily intramuscular injections of cimetidine (125 mg/kg per day) or vehicle. The animals were killed 14 days after surgery, and their femora were processed for morphometry. Cimetidine had no effect on serum estradiol levels in the control and ovx rats. BV/TV was reduced by 36% in the ovx rats, and by 10% in the cimetidine treated rats (p < 0.01). Tb.N and Tb.Wi were significantly reduced by 30% in the ovx rats and by 15% ovx-treated ones. OcS/BS did not change in the treated ovx rats, but increased 3.7-fold in the untreated ovx ones (p < 0.001). The N.Oc/TBPm increased markedly in the ovx rats (2.6-fold, p < 0.0001 vs. controls), but only slightly in the cimetidine-treated animals (+18%, p < 0.05 vs. controls), with a significant difference between the cimetidine-treated and -untreated ovx animals (p < 0.001). Cimetidine had no effect on these parameters in sham-operated animals. These results show that histamine inhibition by an H(2) receptor antagonist partially prevents the consequences of castration on cancellous bone, possibly by an action on osteoclast differentiation. Interestingly, cimetidine had no effect on basal resorption along trabecular bone. Histamine inhibition by H(2) blockers warrants further investigation in this model of osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lesclous
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiopathologie Crânio-Faciales, Groupe Physiopathologie Osseuse, Faculté de Chirurgie-Dentaire, Université René Descartes (Paris 5), Montrouge, France
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19
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Endo Y. [Induction of histidine decarboxylase in inflammation and immune responses]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2001; 118:5-14. [PMID: 11496827 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.118.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Histamine is a classical, but still interesting inflammatory mediator. Many people have long believed that histamine is derived from mast cells or basophils alone. However, the histamine-forming enzyme, histidine decarboxylase (HDC), is induced in a variety of tissues in response (i) to gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial components (lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycan, and enterotoxin A) and (ii) to various cytokines (IL-1, IL-3, IL-12, IL-18, TNF, G-CSF, and GM-CSF). HDC is induced even in mast-cell-deficient mice. The histamine newly formed via the induction of HDC is released immediately and may be involved in a variety of immune responses. Reviewing our work and that of Schayer and Kahlson, the pioneers in this field, lead us to the conclusion that nowadays we need to understand that histamine can be produced via the induction of HDC by a mechanism coupled with the cytokine network. We call this histamine "neohistamine", to distinguish it from the classical histamine derived from mast cells or basophils. Neohistamine is involved in physiological reactions, inflammation, immune responses and a variety of diseases such as periodontitis, muscle fatigue (or temporomandibular disorders), stress- or drug-induced gastric ulcers, rheumatoid arthritis, complications in diabetes, hepatitis, allograft rejection, allergic reactions, tumor growth, and inflammatory side effects of aminobisphosphonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Endo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Lesclous P, Guez D, Llorens A, Saffar JL. Time-course of mast cell accumulation in rat bone marrow after ovariectomy. Calcif Tissue Int 2001; 68:297-303. [PMID: 11683537 DOI: 10.1007/bf02390837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that mast cells accumulate in the tibia bone marrow of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. In this study, the timing of mast cell accumulation and osteoclast generation were compared to determine whether or not mast cell accumulation preceded osteoclast recruitment after ovariectomy. This may be significant because of the number of cytokines released by mast cells that are potentially active on resorption. Sprague-Dawley rats (120) aged 12 weeks were OVX or sham-operated, and killed on days 4, 7, 14, 28, and 56 postsurgery. Ten additional intact rats were used as baseline controls. Ovariectomy was confirmed by a sharp and sustained fall in serum estradiol. The loss in trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) began on day 7, reaching 80% on day 56 (P < 0.001 vs baseline controls). The number of osteoclasts (N.OC/TBPm) increased in the OVX rats between days 4 and 7 (+130%; P < 0.001), and continued rising to day 28. During the next month, it decreased greatly (-63%, P < 0.001 on day 56 vs day 28). In the sham-treated rats, few mast cells were scattered in the bone marrow (1.9 cells/mm2 in the baseline controls). Their number fluctuated during the experimental period, but at each time-point it was lower than in the OVX rats. They were predominantly (90%) of the mucosal subtype. In the OVX rats, their number doubled between days 4 and 14 (P < 0.001), reached 8.6 cells/mm2 on day 28 (a 5.4-fold increase compared with day 4 OVX rats), and plateaued for the next 4 weeks. OVX had no effects on mast cell subtypes. In conclusion, mast cell accumulation and osteoclast differentiation are precocious and concomitant; this does not support a direct role for mast cells in osteoclast recruitment. Rather, the two cell populations may derive from a common precursor or be targeted simultaneously by estrogen depletion through common stimulator(s). Mast cell hyperplasia appears to be a significant, and usually unknown, manifestation of ovariectomy in the bone marrow environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lesclous
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiopathologie Crânio-Faciales, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire Université René Descartes (Paris-V), Montrouge, France
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Funayama H, Mayanagi H, Takada H, Endo Y. Elevation of histidine decarboxylase activity in the mandible of mice by Prevotella intermedia lipopolysaccharide and its augmentation by an aminobisphosphonate. Arch Oral Biol 2000; 45:787-95. [PMID: 10869492 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(00)00039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by Gram-negative bacteria is an important cause of inflammation. Aminobisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of bone resorption but have inflammatory side-effects. Here, the effects of LPS from Prevotella intermedia (a prevalent Gram-negative bacterium both in periodontitis and endodontal infections) and alendronate (an aminobisphosphonate) on the activity of the histamine-forming enzyme, histidine decarboxylase (HDC), were examined in mouse mandible. Intravenous injection of P. intermedia LPS increased HDC activity in the mandible, maximal activity being induced within 3-6 h of the injection. The elevation of HDC activity was dependent on the dose of LPS, 10 microg/kg (0.25 microg/mouse) producing a significant elevation in enzyme activity. Intraperitoneal injection of alendronate (40 micromol/kg) also produced an increase in HDC activity. Moreover, the elevation of HDC activity induced by P. intermedia LPS was markedly augmented in mice given alendronate 3 days before the LPS injection. These results (i) suggest that P. intermedia LPS may stimulate the synthesis of histamine in the mandible and that the newly formed histamine may make at least some contribution to the development of inflammation (apical periodontitis and/or osteomyelitis); (ii) should encourage the clinical testing of antihistaminergic agents against inflammation; and (iii) confirm that care needs to be taken when administering aminobisphosphonates to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Funayama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku Sendai 980, Japan
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Abstract
Six primary lung tumors with numerous multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells (OLGCs) and no osteogenic component were evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically to examine pulmonary lesions inciting an OLGC response. The patients comprised four women and two men ranging in age from 61 to 80 years (average age, 69 years). The tumors consisted of one adenocarcinoma, two sarcomatoid carcinomas, and three giant cell variants of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. One tumor was endobronchial in location, while five were situated peripherally. Tumor diameter spanned from 1 to 6.5 cm (average, 2.7 cm). In addition to the giant cells, common characteristics included the malignant nature of the neoplasms and, in five of six cases, histologically malignant mesenchyme. This array of cases exemplifies the variability of lung lesions which may elicit an OLGC inflammatory response resulting in areas resembling the giant cell variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The results of this study suggest that OLGCs occur preferentially in malignant rather than benign nonosteogenic lung tumors and that sarcomatoid regions of malignant tumors are more likely to be infiltrated by OLGCs than epithelial regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Bocklage
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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