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Richard D, Kapteijns G, Lerner E. Detecting low-energy quasilocalized excitations in computer glasses. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:044124. [PMID: 37978582 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.044124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Soft, quasilocalized excitations (QLEs) are known to generically emerge in a broad class of disordered solids and to govern many facets of the physics of glasses, from wave attenuation to plastic instabilities. In view of this key role of QLEs, shedding light upon several open questions in glass physics depends on the availability of computational tools that allow one to study QLEs' statistical mechanics. The latter is a formidable task since harmonic analyses are typically contaminated by hybridizations of QLEs with phononic excitations at low frequencies, obscuring a clear picture of QLEs' abundance, typical frequencies, and other important micromechanical properties. Here we present an efficient algorithm to detect the field of quasilocalized excitations in structural computer glasses. The algorithm introduced takes a computer-glass sample as input and outputs a library of QLEs embedded in that sample. We demonstrate the power of the algorithm by reporting the spectrum of glassy excitations in two-dimensional computer glasses featuring a huge range of mechanical stability, which is inaccessible using conventional harmonic analyses due to phonon hybridizations. Future applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Richard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Geert Kapteijns
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edan Lerner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Rejuvenation-to-Relaxation Transition Induced by Elastostatic Compression and Its Effect on Deformation Behavior in a Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The effect of uniaxial elastostatic compression on the deformation behavior of the Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 (Vit1) bulk metallic glass (BMG) was reported. The as-cast alloy was pre-compressed under various time (20, 40 and 60 h) at a preloading level of 87% of its yield strength. It was found that elastostatic compression can lead to structural rejuvenation or relaxation depending on the pre-compression time. Elastostatic compression, for 40 h, increased the free volume and improved the plasticity of the BMGs from 1.4% to 3.4%, but preloading for 60 h decreased the free volume and worsened the plasticity. In addition, the heterogeneous structure evolution during creep deformation has been analyzed by the Maxwell-Voigt model with two Kelvin units, revealing that more (less) defects with larger size are activated after elastostatic compression treatment for 40 h (60 h). This work sheds new light on the correlation between heterogeneous structure and plasticity/creep behaviors of Zr-based BMGs.
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3
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Review of Strain Rate Effects of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172839. [PMID: 34502879 PMCID: PMC8434395 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is gaining increasing popularity in impact-resistant devices, automotives, biomedical devices and aircraft structures due to their high strength-to-weight ratios and their potential for impact energy absorption. Impact-induced high loading rates can result in significant changes of mechanical properties (e.g., elastic modulus and strength) before strain softening occurs and failure characteristics inside the strain localization zone (e.g., failure mechanisms and fracture energy) for fiber-reinforced polymer composites. In general, these phenomena are called the strain rate effects. The underlying mechanisms of the observed rate-dependent deformation and failure of composites take place among multiple length and time scales. The contributing mechanisms can be roughly classified as: the viscosity of composite constituents (polymer, fiber and interfaces), the rate-dependency of the fracture mechanisms, the inertia effects, the thermomechanical dissipation and the characteristic fracture time. Numerical models, including the viscosity type of constitutive models, rate-dependent cohesive zone models, enriched equation of motion and thermomechanical numerical models, are useful for a better understanding of these contributing factors of strain rate effects of FRP composites.
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4
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Shen LQ, Yu JH, Tang XC, Sun BA, Liu YH, Bai HY, Wang WH. Observation of cavitation governing fracture in glasses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/14/eabf7293. [PMID: 33789905 PMCID: PMC8011974 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf7293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crack propagation is the major vehicle for material failure, but the mechanisms by which cracks propagate remain longstanding riddles, especially for glassy materials with a long-range disordered atomic structure. Recently, cavitation was proposed as an underlying mechanism governing the fracture of glasses, but experimental determination of the cavitation behavior of fracture is still lacking. Here, we present unambiguous experimental evidence to firmly establish the cavitation mechanism in the fracture of glasses. We show that crack propagation in various glasses is dominated by the self-organized nucleation, growth, and coalescence of nanocavities, eventually resulting in the nanopatterns on the fracture surfaces. The revealed cavitation-induced nanostructured fracture morphologies thus confirm the presence of nanoscale ductility in the fracture of nominally brittle glasses, which has been debated for decades. Our observations would aid a fundamental understanding of the failure of disordered systems and have implications for designing tougher glasses with excellent ductility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Quan Shen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji-Hao Yu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Chang Tang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao-An Sun
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai-Yang Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Choisez L, Ding L, Marteleur M, Idrissi H, Pardoen T, Jacques PJ. High temperature rise dominated cracking mechanisms in ultra-ductile and tough titanium alloy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2110. [PMID: 32355157 PMCID: PMC7193587 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive use of titanium alloys is partly hindered by a lack of ductility, strain hardening, and fracture toughness. Recently, several β-metastable titanium alloys were designed to simultaneously activate both transformation-induced plasticity and twinning-induced plasticity effects, resulting in significant improvements to their strain hardening capacity and resistance to plastic localization. Here, we report an ultra-large fracture resistance in a Ti-12Mo alloy (wt.%), that results from a high resistance to damage nucleation, with an unexpected fracture phenomenology under quasi-static loading. Necking develops at a large uniform true strain of 0.3 while fracture initiates at a true fracture strain of 1.0 by intense through-thickness shear within a thin localized shear band. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that dynamic recrystallization occurs in this band, while local partial melting is observed on the fracture surface. Shear band temperatures of 1250–2450 °C are estimated by the fusible coating method. The reported high ductility combined to the unconventional fracture process opens alternative avenues toward Ti alloys toughening. Specific titanium alloys combine transformation-induced plasticity and twinning-induced plasticity for improved work hardening. Here, the authors show that these alloys also have an ultra-large fracture resistance and an unexpected fracture mechanism via dynamic recrystallization and local melting in a deformation band.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Choisez
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, IMAP, UCLouvain, Place Sainte Barbe, 2, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - L Ding
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, IMAP, UCLouvain, Place Sainte Barbe, 2, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Department of Physics, Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - M Marteleur
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, IMAP, UCLouvain, Place Sainte Barbe, 2, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - H Idrissi
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, IMAP, UCLouvain, Place Sainte Barbe, 2, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Department of Physics, Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - T Pardoen
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, IMAP, UCLouvain, Place Sainte Barbe, 2, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - P J Jacques
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, IMAP, UCLouvain, Place Sainte Barbe, 2, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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6
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Understanding the Fracture Behaviors of Metallic Glasses—An Overview. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9204277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fracture properties are crucial for the applications of structural materials. The fracture behaviors of crystalline alloys have been systematically investigated and well understood. The fracture behaviors of metallic glasses (MGs) are quite different from that of conventional crystalline alloys and have drawn wide interests. Although a few reviews on the fracture and mechanical properties of metallic glasses have been published, an overview on how and why metallic glasses fall out of the scope of the conventional fracture mechanics is still needed. This article attempts to clarify the up-to-date understanding of the question. We review the fracture behaviors of metallic glasses with the related scientific issues including the mode I fracture, brittle fracture, super ductile fracture, impact toughness, and fatigue fracture behaviors. The complex fracture mechanism of MGs is further discussed from the perspectives of discontinuous stress/strain field, plastic zone, and fracture resistance, which deviate from the classic fracture mechanics in polycrystalline alloys. Due to the special deformation mechanism, metallic glasses show a high variability in fracture toughness and other mechanical properties. The outlook presented by this review could help the further studies of metallic glasses. The review also identifies some key questions to be answered.
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7
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Deblieck R, Gerets B, Boerakker M, Caelers H, Wilbers A, Boonen T. Relation between life time, failure stress and craze microstructure in polyethylene as evidenced by fracture surface texture analysis after an accelerated Full-Notch Creep Test. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Tsuchitani S, Fukutake T, Mukai D, Miki H, Kikuchi K. Unstable Spreading of Ionic Liquids on an Aqueous Substrate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:11040-11046. [PMID: 28949148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous spreading of thin liquid films over substrate surfaces is attracting much attention due to its broad applications. Under particular conditions, surfactants deposited on substrates exhibit unstable spreading. In spite of the large effects of the stability of the spreading on the accuracy and efficiency of industrial processes that use the spreading, understanding how the stability of the spreading process is governed by the physical and chemical properties of the system is still little known. Recently, ionic liquids have been characterized as a new kind of surfactant due to their special properties. Here, we investigate the stability of the spreading of deposited imidazolium-based ionic liquids on an aqueous substrate. We focus mainly on the effects that the water solubility of the ionic liquids has on the stability. Hydrophobic ionic liquids exhibit spreading that has a highly periodic and petal-like unstable spreading front, whereas hydrophilic ionic liquids spread without such a regular spreading front and their spreading area shrinks after reaching its maximum. We propose a model for the generation of unstable spreading of hydrophobic ionic liquids, i.e., the unstable spreading front is created by the penetration of oncoming water in front of the spreading tip into the more viscous spreading ionic liquid layer, like the viscous fingering that occurs in a Hele-Shaw cell. However, the direction of the penetration is the opposite of the direction that the interface moves (the spreading direction), which is contrary to that in viscous fingering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Tsuchitani
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Department of Opto-mechatronics, ‡Graduate School of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University , 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Taiga Fukutake
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Department of Opto-mechatronics, ‡Graduate School of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University , 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Daiki Mukai
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Department of Opto-mechatronics, ‡Graduate School of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University , 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miki
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Department of Opto-mechatronics, ‡Graduate School of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University , 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Kunitomo Kikuchi
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Department of Opto-mechatronics, ‡Graduate School of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University , 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
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9
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Pan D, Huang W, Chen Q, Chen S, Zhang Z, Liu M, Li B. Investigation of Craze and Cracks of Polystyrene Shells During Drying Process. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2017.1372678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Pan
- China Academy of Engineering Physics, Laser Fusion Research Center, Mianyang 621900, China
- Sichuan University, School of Chemical Engineering, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weixing Huang
- Sichuan University, School of Chemical Engineering, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- China Academy of Engineering Physics, Laser Fusion Research Center, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Sufen Chen
- China Academy of Engineering Physics, Laser Fusion Research Center, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Zhanwen Zhang
- China Academy of Engineering Physics, Laser Fusion Research Center, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Meifang Liu
- China Academy of Engineering Physics, Laser Fusion Research Center, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Bo Li
- China Academy of Engineering Physics, Laser Fusion Research Center, Mianyang 621900, China
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10
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Fracture behaviors under pure shear loading in bulk metallic glasses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39522. [PMID: 28008956 PMCID: PMC5180177 DOI: 10.1038/srep39522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure shear fracture test, as a special mechanical means, had been carried out extensively to obtain the critical information for traditional metallic crystalline materials and rocks, such as the intrinsic deformation behavior and fracture mechanism. However, for bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), the pure shear fracture behaviors have not been investigated systematically due to the lack of a suitable test method. Here, we specially introduce a unique antisymmetrical four-point bend shear test method to realize a uniform pure shear stress field and study the pure shear fracture behaviors of two kinds of BMGs, Zr-based and La-based BMGs. All kinds of fracture behaviors, the pure shear fracture strength, fracture angle and fracture surface morphology, are systematically analyzed and compared with those of the conventional compressive and tensile fracture. Our results indicate that both the Zr-based and La-based BMGs follow the same fracture mechanism under pure shear loading, which is significantly different from the situation of some previous research results. Our results might offer new enlightenment on the intrinsic deformation and fracture mechanism of BMGs and other amorphous materials.
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11
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Wang YW, Bian XL, Wu SW, Hussain I, Jia YD, Yi J, Wang G. Rate dependent of strength in metallic glasses at different temperatures. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27747. [PMID: 27270688 PMCID: PMC4897709 DOI: 10.1038/srep27747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation between the strength at the macroscale and the elastic deformation as well as shear cracking behavior at the microscale of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) is investigated. The temperatures of 298 K and 77 K as well as the strain rate ranging from 10−6 s−1 to 10−2 s−1 are applied to the BMGs, in which the mechanical responses of the BMGs are profiled through the compression tests. The yield strength is associated with the activation of the elementary deformation unit, which is insensitive to the strain rate. The maximum compressive strength is linked to the crack propagation during shear fracture process, which is influenced by the strain rate. The cryogenic temperature of 77 K significantly improves the yield strength and the maximum compressive strength of the BMGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Wang
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - X L Bian
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - S W Wu
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - I Hussain
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Y D Jia
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - J Yi
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - G Wang
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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12
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Qu RT, Zhang ZJ, Zhang P, Liu ZQ, Zhang ZF. Generalized energy failure criterion. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23359. [PMID: 26996781 PMCID: PMC4800311 DOI: 10.1038/srep23359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering a generalized criterion that can predict the mechanical failure of various different structural materials is one of ultimate goals for scientists in both material and mechanics communities. Since the first study on the failure criterion of materials by Galileo, about three centuries have passed. Now we eventually find the “generalized energy criterion”, as presented here, which appears to be one universal law for various different kinds of materials. The validity of the energy criterion for quantitatively predicting the failure is experimentally confirmed using a metallic glass. The generalized energy criterion reveals the competition and interaction between shear and cleavage, the two fundamental inherent failure mechanisms, and thus provides new physical insights into the failure prediction of materials and structural components.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Qu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P.R. China
| | - Z J Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P.R. China
| | - P Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P.R. China
| | - Z Q Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P.R. China
| | - Z F Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P.R. China
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13
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Chen SH, Chan KC, Wang G, Wu FF, Xia L, Ren JL, Li J, Dahmen KA, Liaw PK. Loading-rate-independent delay of catastrophic avalanches in a bulk metallic glass. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21967. [PMID: 26912191 PMCID: PMC4766412 DOI: 10.1038/srep21967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The plastic flow of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) is characterized by intermittent bursts of avalanches, and this trend results in disastrous failures of BMGs. In the present work, a double-side-notched BMG specimen is designed, which exhibits chaotic plastic flows consisting of several catastrophic avalanches under the applied loading. The disastrous shear avalanches have, then, been delayed by forming a stable plastic-flow stage in the specimens with tailored distances between the bottoms of the notches, where the distribution of a complex stress field is acquired. Differing from the conventional compressive testing results, such a delaying process is independent of loading rate. The statistical analysis shows that in the specimens with delayed catastrophic failures, the plastic flow can evolve to a critical dynamics, making the catastrophic failure more predictable than the ones with chaotic plastic flows. The findings are of significance in understanding the plastic-flow mechanisms in BMGs and controlling the avalanches in relating solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chen
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - K C Chan
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - G Wang
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - F F Wu
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - L Xia
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - J L Ren
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - J Li
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - K A Dahmen
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - P K Liaw
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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14
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Deformation-Induced Martensitic Transformation in Cu-Zr-Zn Bulk Metallic Glass Composites. METALS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/met5042134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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16
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Hufnagel TC, Vempati UK, Almer JD. Crack-tip strain field mapping and the toughness of metallic glasses. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83289. [PMID: 24386172 PMCID: PMC3873938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used high-energy x-ray scattering to map the strain fields around crack tips in fracture specimens of a bulk metallic glass under load at room temperature and below. From the measured strain fields we can calculate the components of the stress tensor as a function of position and determine the size and shape of the plastic process zone around the crack tip. Specimens tested at room temperature develop substantial plastic zones and achieve high stress intensities () prior to fracture. Specimens tested at cryogenic temperatures fail at reduced but still substantial stress intensities () and show only limited evidence of crack-tip plasticity. We propose that the difference in behavior is associated with changes in the flow stress and elastic constants, which influence the number density of shear bands in the plastic zone and thus the strain required to initiate fracture on an individual band. A secondary effect is a change in the triaxial state of stress around the crack tip due to the temperature dependence of Poisson's ratio. It is likely that this ability to map elastic strains on the microscale will be useful in other contexts, although interpreting shifts in the position of the scattering peaks in amorphous materials in terms of elastic strains must be done with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd C. Hufnagel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Uday K. Vempati
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Almer
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States of America
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17
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Goldade VA, Pinchuk LS, Vinidiktova NS. Modification of Polyester Fibers by Bactericides Using Crazing Mechanism. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper deals with the study of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fiber modification by antimicrobial substances following the crazing mechanism. The highest mean number of crazes and their maximal degree of opening in PET fibers subjected to tension in surface-active bactericidal liquids are reached when the plastic flow of PET begins and necks appear on the fibers. Further straining of the fibers results in a gradual transformation of the material into a fibrillar structure of strands that close the crazes. It is established that the amount of the bactericidal liquid captured by the crazes is 0.9 to 3.3 wt.% of the PET material and that the liquid localizes predominantly in the polymer amorphous phase. PET fibers treated by the developed liquids using the procedure developed preserve their antimicrobial properties after 10 to 50 cycles of heat-wet treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. A. Goldade
- V. A. Belyi Metal-Polymer Research Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Gomel, Belarus
| | - L. S. Pinchuk
- V. A. Belyi Metal-Polymer Research Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Gomel, Belarus
| | - N. S. Vinidiktova
- V. A. Belyi Metal-Polymer Research Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Gomel, Belarus
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18
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Rycroft CH, Bouchbinder E. Fracture toughness of metallic glasses: annealing-induced embrittlement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:194301. [PMID: 23215386 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.194301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative understanding of the fracture toughness of metallic glasses, including the associated ductile-to-brittle (embrittlement) transitions, is not yet available. Here, we use a simple model of plastic deformation in glasses, coupled to an advanced Eulerian level set formulation for solving complex free-boundary problems, to calculate the fracture toughness of metallic glasses as a function of the degree of structural relaxation corresponding to different annealing times near the glass temperature. Our main result indicates the existence of an elastoplastic crack tip instability for sufficiently relaxed glasses, resulting in a marked drop in the toughness, which we interpret as annealing-induced embrittlement transition similar to experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris H Rycroft
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Xia XX, Wang WH. Characterization and modeling of breaking-induced spontaneous nanoscale periodic stripes in metallic glasses. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:1197-1125. [PMID: 22334575 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Stripes with a period of 87 nm appear in the mirror region of the fracture surface of metallic glasses. Two competing failure mechanisms of immediate meniscus instability and cavitation mechanism near the crack tip control the fracture process of metallic glasses and the formation process of nanostripes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xiang Xia
- Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190, PR China
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Murali P, Guo TF, Zhang YW, Narasimhan R, Li Y, Gao HJ. Atomic scale fluctuations govern brittle fracture and cavitation behavior in metallic glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:215501. [PMID: 22181893 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.215501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We perform atomistic simulations on the fracture behavior of two typical metallic glasses, one brittle (FeP) and the other ductile (CuZr), and show that brittle fracture in the FeP glass is governed by an intrinsic cavitation mechanism near crack tips in contrast to extensive shear banding in the ductile CuZr glass. We show that a high degree of atomic scale spatial fluctuations in the local properties is the main reason for the observed cavitation behavior in the brittle metallic glass. Our study corroborates with recent experimental observations of nanoscale cavity nucleation found on the brittle fracture surfaces of metallic glasses and provides important insights into the root cause of the ductile versus brittle behavior in such materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Murali
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore, Singapore
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Megusar J, Argon AS, Grant NJ. Deformation Induced Dilatations and New Observations on Fracture In Compression in Metallic Glasses at Low Temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-8-283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTDeformation induced dilatations were measured on a Pd-Cu-Si glass by a differential dilatometric method during crystallization. At large pre-strains, these dilatations are large and of the order of 20%. Fracture surfaces of specimens in compression show either the characteristic features of tensile separation or evidence for repeated nucleation of fracture. Rubbing was observed only in a small fraction of a fracture surface.
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De Hosson JTM. Advances in transmission electron microscopy: in situ straining and in situ compression experiments on metallic glasses. Microsc Res Tech 2009; 72:250-60. [PMID: 19189312 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the field of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fundamental and practical reasons still remain that hamper a straightforward correlation between microscopic structural information and deformation mechanisms in materials. In this article, it is argued that one should focus in particular on in situ rather than on postmortem observations of the microstructure. This viewpoint has been exemplified with in situ straining and in situ compression studies on metallic glasses. In situ TEM straining of amorphous metals permits an evaluation of the thickness of the liquid-like layer (LLL) formed because of heat evolution after shear band development. The experimental evaluation confirms that the thickness of a LLL present at the last moment of fracture substantially exceeds the generally accepted thickness of a shear band. In situ TEM and in situ SEM compression experiments on metallic glass pillars lead to the conclusion that smaller sized pillars deform more homogeneously than larger sized pillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Th M De Hosson
- Department of Applied Physics, Netherlands Institute for Metals Research and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Wang G, Zhao DQ, Bai HY, Pan MX, Xia AL, Han BS, Xi XK, Wu Y, Wang WH. Nanoscale periodic morphologies on the fracture surface of brittle metallic glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:235501. [PMID: 17677915 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.235501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Out-of-plane, nanoscale periodic corrugations are observed in the dynamic fracture surface of brittle bulk metallic glasses with fracture toughness approaching that of silica glasses. A model based on the meniscus instability and plastic zone theory is used to explain such dynamic crack instability. The results indicate that the local softening mechanism in the fracture is an essential ingredient for controlling the formation of the unique corrugations, and might provide a new insight into the origin of fracture surface roughening in brittle materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
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Schwier CE, Argon AS, Cohen RE. Craze plasticity in a series of polystyrene/polybutadiene di-block copolymers with spherical morphology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01418618508237650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Xi XK, Zhao DQ, Pan MX, Wang WH, Wu Y, Lewandowski JJ. Fracture of brittle metallic glasses: brittleness or plasticity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:125510. [PMID: 15903937 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.125510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a brittle Mg-based bulk metallic glass which approaches the ideal brittle behavior. However, a dimple structure is observed at the fracture surface by high resolution scanning electron microscopy, indicating some type of "ductile" fracture mechanism in this very brittle glass. We also show, from the available data, a clear correlation between the fracture toughness and plastic process zone size for various glasses. The results indicate that the fracture in brittle metallic glassy materials might also proceed through the local softening mechanism but at different length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- X K Xi
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Kramer EJ. Commentary: Reflections on “Crazing and shear deformation in crosslinked polystyrene,” by Chris S. Henkee and Edward J. Kramer, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 22, 721 (1984). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.1996.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lin CH, Yang ACM. Stability of the Superplastic Behavior of Glassy Polystyrene Thin Films in Sandwich Structures. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma001586c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. H. Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - A. C.-M. Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Lin JH, Yang ACM. Crazing Micromechanism in Glassy Atactic Polystyrene and Its Blends with Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-diphenyl oxides) by AFM. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma001367r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.-H. Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - A. C.-M. Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Shull KR, Flanigan CM, Crosby AJ. Fingering instabilities of confined elastic layers in tension. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:3057-3060. [PMID: 11019011 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fingering instabilities similar to those commonly observed in viscous systems have been observed in purely elastic layers that are strained in tension. The instability is driven by the release of lateral constraints within a confined elastic layer and is observed when the lateral confinement significantly exceeds the thickness of the elastic layer. Our results show convincingly that yielding or flow of a material is not required in order for fingering to be initiated in a confined material.
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Affiliation(s)
- KR Shull
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2225 North Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, USA
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Krupenkin TN, Fredrickson GH. Crazing in Two and Three Dimensions. 2. Three-Dimensional Crazing. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9810159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. N. Krupenkin
- Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - G. H. Fredrickson
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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Krupenkin TN, Fredrickson GH. Crazing in Two and Three Dimensions. 1. Two-Dimensional Crazing. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma981014g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Brown HR, Krappe U, Stadler R. Effect of ABC Triblock Copolymers with an Elastomeric Midblock on the Adhesion between Immiscible Polymers. Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9513776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugh R. Brown
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099
| | - Udo Krappe
- Institut fuer Organische Chemie der Johannes Gutenberg-Universitaet Mainz, J. J. Becher Weg 18-20, D-55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Reimund Stadler
- Institut fuer Organische Chemie der Johannes Gutenberg-Universitaet Mainz, J. J. Becher Weg 18-20, D-55099, Mainz, Germany
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Plummer CJG, Cudré-Mauroux N, Kausch HH. Deformation and entanglement in semicrystalline polymers. POLYM ENG SCI 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.760340414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ni B, Li J, Berry V. Plastic zone in front of a mode I crack in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers. POLYMER 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(91)90106-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Brown HR. Rayleigh–Taylor instability in a finite thickness layer of a viscous fluid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.857389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Hoogsteen W, ten Brinke G, Pennings A. The influence of the extraction process and spinning conditions on morphology and ultimate properties of gel-spun polyethylene fibres. POLYMER 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(87)90164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Brown H. Polymer degradation by crazing and its study by small angle scattering techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-2307(87)80006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Deng D, Argon A. Structural relaxation and embrittlement of Cu59Zr41 and Fe80B20 glasses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-6160(86)90260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Some observations by scanning electron microscopy on a new craze phenomenon in bisphenol-A polycarbonate. Polym Bull (Berl) 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01135325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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