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Yu F, Zhu J, Lei M, Wang C, Xie K, Xu F, Lin S. Exploring the metabolic phenotypes associated with different host inflammation of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from lung metabolomics in mice. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e8971. [PMID: 33049802 PMCID: PMC7646044 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The aim of this study was to analyze the metabolomics of lung with different host inflammation of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) for the identification of biomarkers for predicting severity under different inflammatory conditions. METHODS Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-intratracheal injection induced acute lung injury (ALI) were used. A mouse model was used to explore lung metabolomic biomarkers in ALI/ARDS. The splenectomy model was used as an auxiliary method to distinguish between hyper- and hypo-inflammatory subtypes. Plasma, lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected from mice after CLP/LPS. The severity of lung injury was evaluated. Expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in mice serum and lung was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymer chain reaction (PCR). Polymorphonuclear cells in BALF were counted. The lung metabolites were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and the metabolic pathways predicted using the KEGG database. RESULTS The LPS/CLP-Splen group had more severe lung injury than the corresponding ALI group; that in the CLP-Splen group was more serious than in the LPS-Splen group. TNF-α expression was significantly elevated in the serum and lung tissue after LPS or CLP, and higher in the LPS/CLP-Splen group than in the corresponding ALI group. The level of TNF-α in the CLP-Splen group was elevated significantly over that in the LPS-Splen group. Both these groups also showed significant neutrophil exudation within the lungs. During differential inflammation, more differential metabolites were detected in the lungs of the CLP group ALI mice than in the LPS group. A total of 41 compounds were detected in the lungs of the CLP and CLP-Splen groups. Contrastingly, eight compounds were detected in the lungs of the LPS and LPS-Splen groups. The LPS-Splen and CLP-Splen groups had significant neutrophil exudation in the lung. Random forest analysis of lung-targeted metabolomics data indicated 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (ACPC), cis-aconitic acid, and hydroxybenzoic acid as strong predictors of the hyper-inflammatory subgroup in the CLP group. Furthermore, with splenectomy, 13 differential metabolic pathways between the CLP and LPS groups were revealed. CONCLUSIONS Hyper-inflammatory subgroups of ARDS have a greater inflammatory response and a more active lung metabolism. Combined with the host inflammation background, biomarkers from metabolomics could help evaluate the response severity of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yu
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
- Department of Critical Care MedicineChangshou People's HospitalChongqing401220China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Chuan‐jiang Wang
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Ke Xie
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Shi‐hui Lin
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
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Holecek M, Sispera L, Skalska H. Enhanced Glutamine Availability Exerts Different Effects on Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle From Healthy and Septic Rats. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2014; 39:847-54. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607114537832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holecek
- Department of Physiology, Charles University Prague, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Sispera
- Department of Physiology, Charles University Prague, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Skalska
- Department of Informatics and Quantitative Methods, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Sakurai Y. Response to nutritional support and therapeutic approaches of amino acid and protein metabolism in surgical patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28 Suppl 4:123-30. [PMID: 24251718 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The response to critical illness involves alterations in all aspects of metabolic control, favoring catabolism of body protein. In particular, body protein loss occurring as a result of the alteration of protein metabolism has been reported to be inversely correlated with the survival of critically ill patients. Despite the availability of various therapeutic modalities aiming to prevent loss of the body protein pool, such as total parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition designed to provide excessive calories as a form of energy substrate, and protein itself, the loss of body protein cannot be prevented by any of these. Loss of the boyd protein store occurs as a consequence of the alteration of the intermediate metabolism that works for the production of energy substrate. This alteration of substrate metabolism may be linked to the alteration of protein metabolism. However, no specific factors regulating amino acid and protein metabolism have been identified. Thus, further investigations evaluating amino acid and protein metabolism are required to obtain better understanding of metabolic regulation in the body, which may lead to the development of novel and more effective therapeutic modalities for nutrition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Sakurai
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Laver JR, Stevanin TM, Messenger SL, Lunn AD, Lee ME, Moir JWB, Poole RK, Read RC. Bacterial nitric oxide detoxification prevents host cell S-nitrosothiol formation: a novel mechanism of bacterial pathogenesis. FASEB J 2009; 24:286-95. [PMID: 19720623 PMCID: PMC2820398 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-128330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation is an important mediator of multiple nitric oxide-dependent biological processes, including eukaryotic cellular events such as macrophage apoptosis and proinflammatory signaling. Many pathogenic bacteria possess NO detoxification mechanisms, such as the nitric oxide reductase (NorB) of Neisseria meningitidis and the flavohemoglobins (Hmp) of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, which serve to protect the microorganism from nitrosative stress within the intracellular environment. In this study, we demonstrate that expression of meningococcal NorB increases the rate at which low-molecular-weight S-nitrosothiol (SNO) decomposes in vitro. To determine whether this effect occurs in cells during infection by bacteria, we induced SNO formation in murine macrophages by activation with lipopolysaccharide and γ-interferon and observed a reduced abundance of SNO during coincubation with N. meningitidis, S. enterica, or E. coli. In each case, this effect was shown to be dependent on bacterial NO detoxification genes, which act to prevent SNO formation through the removal of NO. This may represent a novel mechanism of host cell injury by bacteria.—Laver, J. R., Stevanin, T. M., Messenger, S. L., Dehn Lunn, A., Lee, M. E., Moir, J. W. B., Poole, R. K., Read, R. C. Bacterial nitric oxide detoxification prevents host cell S-nitrosothiol formation: a novel mechanism of bacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Laver
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Beech Hill Rd., Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK.
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Boyce ST, James JH, Williams ML. Nutritional Regulation of Cultured Analogues of Human Skin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/15569529309036257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tang YW. The effect of burn subeschar tissue fluid on skeletal muscle and hepatic amino acid uptake in an experimental system in vitro. Burns 1999; 25:137-44. [PMID: 10208388 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-4179(98)00146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Burn injury is associated with major metabolic disturbances. Many factors or mediators are responsible for post-burn metabolic changes. The present study was designed to test the role of interstitial edema fluid from burn eschar in regulating amino acid transport into hepatic and muscle tissue. Subeschar tissue fluid (SEF) was collected from just under the full thickness burn area. Amino acid transport, determined as the uptake of [3H]-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid by incubated soleus muscles or liver slices in vitro, was reduced after the addition of subeschar tissue fluid. The suppression was more marked with fluids taken from patients with a large burn area. Significant findings were noted when the total surface burn area was more than 70%. There were significant differences in the SEF suppression effect between survivors and non-survivors, but not between inhalation and non-inhalation victims. The results suggest the presence of one or more factors in subeschar tissue fluid that inhibit both muscle and liver amino acid transport. The data also suggest that the inhibitory factors are most likely produced by the burned tissue. This suppression effect may be beneficial to burn victims in maintaining near-normal vascular osmolarity by way of an increased plasma amino acid level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Tang
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
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García-Martínez C, López-Soriano FJ, Argilés JM. Amino acid uptake in skeletal muscle of rats bearing the Yoshida AH-130 ascites hepatoma. Mol Cell Biochem 1995; 148:17-23. [PMID: 7476929 DOI: 10.1007/bf00929498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Rats bearing the Yoshida AH-130 ascites hepatoma show decreased activity of neutral amino acid transport in skeletal muscle measured in vivo as the tissue accumulation of the analogue alpha-amino [1-14C]isobutyrate (AIB). The decreased accumulation of AIB observed is not merely a consequence of the hypoinsulinaemia present in these animals (as a result of tumour burden) since in vitro experiments carried out using incubations of isolated soleus muscles also showed a decreased uptake of neutral amino acids. In these preparations the addition of insulin results in similar increases in uptake both in the pair-fed controls and the tumour-bearing animals, thus suggesting similar insulin sensitivities. The decrease in amino acid uptake in soleus muscle is associated with a decrease in the activity of system A, while systems L and ASC show no particular changes as a result of the tumour growth. The kinetic characterisation of system A in the Yoshida-bearing rats shows a decrease in Vmax together with a decrease in KM in relation with the pair-fed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C García-Martínez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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Tang YW, Fang RH, Yu YM, Burke JF. Enhanced amino acid uptake in both skeletal muscle and liver by burn plasma in rats. Burns 1994; 20:508-13. [PMID: 7880415 DOI: 10.1016/0305-4179(94)90008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to test amino acid uptake in skeletal muscle after burn injury (up to 72 h). Also examined were the effects of plasma from burned rats over varying periods postburn (1-72 h), when plasma was added in vitro to incubated muscles and liver slices. Major burn injury (40 per cent total body surface area (TBSA)) was produced in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 60-80 g. Both soleus muscles were dissected intact at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h postburn. Amino acid transport was measured by determining intracellular uptake of [3H] alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) during a 2 h incubation. In the second series of experiments, whole plasma from burned rats was added in vitro to incubated muscles and liver slices from healthy animals, and amino acid uptake was determined. AIB uptake in burned rat muscle was reduced by 24 per cent by 24 h postburn and 16 per cent by 48 h postburn. There was an increased effect from burn plasma on normal incubated muscles and liver slices, 72 per cent on muscles and 30 per cent on livers. Present results suggest an intrinsic decrease in amino acid uptake by muscle from burned rats. A factor or factors existed in plasma which increased both muscle and liver amino acid uptake postburn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Tang
- Department of Surgery, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Sakurai Y, Zhang XJ, Wolfe RR. Effect of tumor necrosis factor on substrate and amino acid kinetics in conscious dogs. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1994; 266:E936-45. [PMID: 8023925 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1994.266.6.e936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Two groups of conscious dogs were studied using isotopic tracer techniques to test the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) affects glucose production, lipolysis, amino acid, and protein kinetics. [1-13C]leucine, [15N2]urea, [6,6-2H2]glucose, and [2H5]glycerol were infused to determine the leucine, urea, glucose, and lipid kinetics, and NaH14CO3 was infused to determine the rate of CO2 production. In one group, after a 2-h basal period (period 1), recombinant human TNF was infused (prime, 2.5 micrograms/kg; constant, 62.5 ng.kg-1.min-1) for 2 h (period 2; group 1, n = 15). Group 2 received saline rather than TNF in period 2 (n = 3). TNF infusion caused a significant increase in endogenous glucose production, a significant increase in glucose clearance rate, and a decrease in glycerol flux. Although TNF infusion did not change leucine flux, leucine oxidation increased by 49% (P < 0.0001), and nonoxidative leucine disappearance decreased during TNF infusion by 13% (P < 0.0001). TNF infusion also caused a significant increase (18%) in endogenous urea production. TNF significantly increased plasma glucagon concentration. We conclude that TNF causes a shift toward carbohydrate metabolism and stimulates the oxidation of amino acids. Whereas whole body protein breakdown is not affected by TNF, protein synthesis is impaired, leading to an increase in net protein breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sakurai
- Metabolism Unit, Shriners Burns Institute, Galveston, Texas 77555-1220
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Zamir O, James JH, Hasselgren PO, Fischer JE. Evidence that inhibition of muscle amino acid uptake during endotoxemia is not mediated by glucocorticoids. Metabolism 1993; 42:1190-4. [PMID: 8412774 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(93)90279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis and endotoxemia are associated with increased muscle protein breakdown and inhibited amino acid uptake. Glucocorticoids are important for the regulation of muscle protein breakdown in catabolic conditions; in contrast, the role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of muscle amino acid transport during sepsis or endotoxemia is not known. The present study was designed to test the role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of muscle amino acid uptake during endotoxemia. Amino acid transport, determined as uptake of 3H-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) by incubated soleus muscles in vitro, was reduced by approximately 40% 2 hours after intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 10 micrograms/kg endotoxin in rats. Administration of 5 mg/kg of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 38486 2 hours before endotoxin injection did not affect the inhibition of amino acid uptake. In vitro addition of plasma from endotoxemic rats to incubated rat soleus muscles inhibited amino acid uptake by approximately 30%. This effect of endotoxic plasma also was noted when muscles were from rats that had been treated with RU 38486 and when RU 38486 was present in the incubation medium. Results confirm previous reports of reduced muscle amino acid transport during endotoxemia and of the presence of a circulating factor that inhibits muscle amino acid uptake in this condition. Data suggest that inhibited muscle amino acid transport during endotoxemia is not regulated by glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Zamir
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH 45267-0558
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Fischer JE, Hasselgren PO. Cytokines and glucocorticoids in the regulation of the "hepato-skeletal muscle axis" in sepsis. Am J Surg 1991; 161:266-71. [PMID: 1990881 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(91)91143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis results in muscle catabolism and peripheral release of amino acids with a concomitant uptake of amino acids in liver and acute-phase protein synthesis. In addition, there appears to be a cytokine-induced process that blocks muscle amino acid uptake in sepsis, further diverting amino acids from the periphery to the liver. In this article, evidence that cytokines and glucocorticoids play an important role in the regulation of hepatic and muscle protein metabolism during sepsis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Fischer
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0558
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