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Yuzbasioglu D, Dilek UK, Erikel E, Unal F. Antigenotoxic effect of hyperoside against Mitomycin C and hydrogen peroxide-induced genotoxic damage on human lymphocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 90:105604. [PMID: 37137419 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperoside is a flavonol glycoside isolated from various plant genera such as Hypericum and Crataegus. It has an important place in the human diet and is used medically to relieve pain and ameliorate cardiovascular functions. However, a comprehensive profile of the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of hyperoside is not known. The current study aimed to investigate the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of hyperoside against genetic damages induced by two genotoxins (MMC and H2O2) in human lymphocytes using chromosomal aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and micronucleus (MN) assays in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Blood lymphocytes were incubated with 7.8-62.5 μg/mL concentrations of hyperoside alone and simultaneously with 0.20 μg/mL Mitomycin C (MMC) or 100 μM Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Hyperoside did not exhibit genotoxic potential in the CA, SCE, and MN assays. Moreover, it did not cause a decrease in mitotic index (MI) which is an indicator of cytotoxicity. On the other hand, hyperoside significantly decreased CA, SCE, and MN (except for MMC treatment) frequencies induced by MMC and H2O2. Hyperoside, increased mitotic index against both mutagenic agents at 24-h treatment when compared to positive control. Our results demonstrate that hyperoside exhibited antigenotoxic effects rather than genotoxic in vitro human lymphocytes. Therefore, hyperoside may be a potential preventive agent in inhibiting chromosomal and oxidative damage induced by genotoxic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Yuzbasioglu
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ummugulsum Kubra Dilek
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Erikel
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Unal
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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da Silva Campelo M, Neto JFC, Lima ABN, das Chagas Neto FC, da Costa Gonzaga ML, de Aguiar Soares S, Leal LKAM, Ribeiro MENP, Ricardo NMPS. Polysaccharides and extracts from Agaricus brasiliensis Murill - A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1697-1714. [PMID: 34022313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Edible mushrooms have been increasingly introduced into the human diet, which has driven research into their functional properties. Thus, Agaricus brasiliensis Murill or Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM) is a species native to the Brazilian biome, whose fruiting body has been used not only for dietary purposes, but also in the development of functional foods or as source of molecules of pharmacological interest. The bioactivity of ABM has been related to the presence of polysaccharides, although the contribution of other metabolites cannot be discharged. This work describes the polysaccharides isolation methodology and preparation of the extracts of ABM and their biological activities. Furthermore, it presents a general outline of its characterizations regarding composition, chemical structure and properties in solution. The ABM and its chemical constituents exhibit several biological activities that support their potential use for prevention or treatment of diseases with inflammatory background, such as cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis. The mechanism of action of the extracts and polysaccharides from ABM is mainly related to a modulation of immune system response or reduction of inflammatory response. This review shows that the ABM has great potential in the pharmaceutical, biotechnological and food sectors that deserves additional research using standardized products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus da Silva Campelo
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Inovação de Materiais, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, CEP: 60455-760, Brasil
| | - João Francisco Câmara Neto
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Inovação de Materiais, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, CEP: 60455-760, Brasil
| | - Ana Beatriz Nogueira Lima
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Inovação de Materiais, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, CEP: 60455-760, Brasil
| | - Francisco Cirineu das Chagas Neto
- Centro de Estudos Farmacêuticos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, CEP: 60430-160, Brasil
| | - Maria Leônia da Costa Gonzaga
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Inovação de Materiais, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, CEP: 60455-760, Brasil
| | - Sandra de Aguiar Soares
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Inovação de Materiais, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, CEP: 60455-760, Brasil
| | - Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal
- Centro de Estudos Farmacêuticos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, CEP: 60430-160, Brasil.
| | - Maria Elenir Nobre Pinho Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Inovação de Materiais, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, CEP: 60455-760, Brasil.
| | - Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Inovação de Materiais, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, CEP: 60455-760, Brasil.
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Sharma S, Sharma S, Vig AP. Antigenotoxic potential of plant leaf extracts of Parkinsonia aculeata L. using Allium cepa assay. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:314-323. [PMID: 30036860 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antigenotoxic potential of P. aculeata L. leaf extract/fractions against maleic hydrazide (MH) using Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay. The excessive reduction in root growth and mitotic index value was observed after 3 h treatment of MH as compared to negative control (water). In case of MH treatment, frequency of aberrated cells significantly (p ≤ 0.05) raised from 129 to 337 at 0.1 ppm and 2.0 ppm concentrations respectively. From root growth inhibition test with MH treatment, EC50 value i.e. 0.5 ppm was selected to study the antigenotoxic effect of different extract/fractions of P. aculeata L. leaves. All the extract/fractions showed increase in mitotic index and great reduction in chromosomal aberrations with rise in concentration against the genotoxicity of MH. Among all the extract/fractions, butanol and ethyl acetate fractions showed significant reduction in chromosomal aberrations in A. cepa cells and indicates the chemo preventive activity. Antigenotoxic property of this plant is due to the presence of various phytochemicals in leaf such as epi-orientin, Parkinsonin-A, Parkinsonin-B, orientin, iso-orientin, vitexin, iso-vitexin, C-glycosylflavone, parkintin, rotenoids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides and anthraquinone etc. Our result showed that among all the treatments, simultaneous treatment showed best result followed by pre and post treatment. Further studies in animal model are suggested for further evaluation of the use of P. aculeata leaf extract in human welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
| | - Sushant Sharma
- University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Reis GBD, Andrade-Vieira LF, Moraes IDC, César PHS, Marcussi S, Davide LC. Reliability of plant root comet assay in comparison with human leukocyte comet assay for assessment environmental genotoxic agents. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:110-116. [PMID: 28395203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Comet assay is an efficient test to detect genotoxic compounds based on observation of DNA damage. The aim of this work was to compare the results obtained from the comet assay in two different type of cells extracted from the root tips from Lactuca sativa L. and human blood. For this, Spent Pot Liner (SPL), and its components (aluminum and fluoride) were applied as toxic agents. SPL is a solid waste generated in industry from the aluminum mining and processing with known toxicity. Three concentrations of all tested solutions were applied and the damages observed were compared to negative and positive controls. It was observed an increase in the frequency of DNA damage for human leukocytes and plant cells, in all treatments. On human leukocytes, SPL induced the highest percentage of damage, with an average of 87.68%. For root tips cells of L. sativa the highest percentage of damage was detected for aluminum (93.89%). Considering the arbitrary units (AU), the average of nuclei with high levels of DNA fragmentation was significant for both cells type evaluated. The tested cells demonstrated equal effectiveness for detection of the genotoxicity induced by the SPL and its chemical components, aluminum and fluoride. Further, using a unique method, the comet assay, we proved that cells from root tips of Lactuca sativa represent a reliable model to detect DNA damage induced by genotoxic pollutants is in agreement of those observed in human leukocytes as model. So far, plant cells may be suggested as important system to assess the toxicological risk of environmental agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Silvana Marcussi
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), CEP 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Lisete Chamma Davide
- Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), CEP 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Castillo WO, Aristizabal-Pachon AF, de Lima Montaldi AP, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Takahashi CS. Galanthamine decreases genotoxicity and cell death induced by β-amyloid peptide in SH-SY5Y cell line. Neurotoxicology 2016; 57:291-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chaabane F, Mokdad-Bzeouich I, Sassi A, Mustapha N, Majouli R, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L. Genoprotective and neuroprotective effects of Daphne gnidium leaf methanol extract, tested on male mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2015; 39:297-302. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1107730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fadwa Chaabane
- Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia and
| | - Imen Mokdad-Bzeouich
- Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia and
| | - Aicha Sassi
- Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia and
| | - Nadia Mustapha
- Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia and
| | - Raja Majouli
- Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia and
| | - Kamel Ghedira
- Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia and
| | - Leila Chekir-Ghedira
- Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia and
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Matić S, Katanić J, Stanić S, Mladenović M, Stanković N, Mihailović V, Boroja T. In vitro and in vivo assessment of the genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of the Filipendula hexapetala and Filipendula ulmaria methanol extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:287-292. [PMID: 26303017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The two species of Filipendula genus, Filipendula hexapetala Gilib. and Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim are a traditional herbal medicine widely used to treat haemorrhoids, diarrhoea, fever, rheumatism and arthritic pain, kidney problems, to stop bleeding, and the common cold, as well as food supplements. However, no scientific study has been performed to validate genotoxic and/or antigenotoxic potentials of these two Filipendula species. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to examine the genotoxic and possible in vitro and in vivo DNA protection potential of methanol extracts of F. hexapetala and F. ulmaria. MATERIALS AND METHODS The genotoxicity of different concentrations of F. hexapetala and F. ulmaria methanol extracts from roots and aerial parts (20, 40 and 80 mg/ml), mixed with standard food for Drosophila, was evaluated in vivo in the anterior midgut of Drosophila melanogaster using a modified alkaline comet assay. The protective effects of the highest dose of extracts were observed in somatic cells of third-instar larvae against ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS)-induced genotoxicity. Also, DNA protection activity of methanol extracts from F. hexapetala and F. ulmaria (100, 200, and 400 μg/ml) against hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage was determined under in vitro conditions. RESULTS The results showed that methanol extracts from the root and aerial part of F. hexapetala at a concentration of 20mg/ml indicated the absence of genotoxicity. Also, there were no statistically significant differences in total scores between any of the groups treated with F. ulmaria root extract and the negative control group, while F. ulmaria aerial part extract possess weak genotoxic effects depending on the concentrations. The percentage reduction in DNA damage was more evident in the group of larvae simultaneously treated with EMS and the highest dose of F. hexapetala root or aerial part extracts and F. ulmaria root extract (91.02, 80.21, and 87.5%, respectively) and less expressive in the group simultaneously treated with F. ulmaria aerial part extract (54.7%). F. hexapetala root and aerial part extracts and F. ulmaria root extract possess strong capabilities to protect DNA from being damaged by hydroxyl radicals. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that F. hexapetala root and aerial part extracts and F. ulmaria root extract demonstrated the absence of genotoxic activity. The extracts appeared to have antigenotoxic effect, reducing the levels of DNA damage induced by EMS by more than 80%. Also, F. hexapetala root and aerial part extracts and F. ulmaria root extracts could effectively protect against hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Matić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Katanić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Snežana Stanić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan Mladenović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Stanković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Mihailović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Boroja
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Silva CRE, Borges FFV, Bernardes A, Perez CN, Silva DDME, Chen-Chen L. Genotoxic, Cytotoxic, Antigenotoxic, and Anticytotoxic Effects of Sulfonamide Chalcone Using the Ames Test and the Mouse Bone Marrow Micronucleus Test. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137063. [PMID: 26335560 PMCID: PMC4559391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones present several biological activities and sulfonamide chalcone derivatives have shown important biological applications, including antitumor activity. In this study, genotoxic, cytotoxic, antigenotoxic, and anticytotoxic activities of the sulfonamide chalcone N-{4-[3-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-enoyl]phenyl} benzenesulfonamide (CPN) were assessed using the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation test (Ames test) and the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. The results showed that CPN caused a small increase in the number of histidine revertant colonies in S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, but not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The antimutagenicity test showed that CPN significantly decreased the number of His+ revertants in strain TA98 at all doses tested (p < 0.05), whereas in strain TA100 this occurred only at doses higher than 50 μg/plate (p < 0.05). The results of the micronucleus test indicated that CPN significantly increased the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) at 24 h and 48 h, revealing a genotoxic effect of this compound. Also, a significant decrease in polychromatic/normochromatic erythrocyte ratio (PCE/NCE) was observed at the higher doses of CPN at 24 h and 48 h (p < 0.05), indicating its cytotoxic action. CPN co-administered with mitomycin C (MMC) significantly decreased the frequency of MNPCE at almost all doses tested at 24 h (p < 0.05), showing its antigenotoxic activity, and also presented a small decrease in MNPCE at 48 h (p > 0.05). Additionally, CPN co-administered with MMC significantly increased PCE/NCE ratio at all doses tested, demonstrating its anticytotoxic effect. In summary, CPN presented genotoxic, cytotoxic, antigenotoxic, and anticytotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ribeiro e Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Aline Bernardes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Caridad Noda Perez
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Lee Chen-Chen
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Prakash G, Hosetti BB, Dhananjaya BL. Antimutagenic effect of dioscorea pentaphylla on genotoxic effect induced by methyl methanesulfonate in the Drosophila wing spot test. Toxicol Int 2015; 21:258-63. [PMID: 25948963 PMCID: PMC4413407 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.155341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Plants as dietary sources are known to have several chemoprotective agents. Dioscorea pentaphylla is an important medicinal plant, which is often used as edible food. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antigenotoxic potential of D. pentaphylla extracts on the genotoxic effect induced by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) in the Drosophila wing spot test. Materials and Methods: The somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) was carried out in Drosophila melanogaster. In transheterogyous larvae, multiple wing hair (mwh 3-0.3) and flare (flr3-38.8) genes were used as markers of the extent of mutagenicity. Results: It was observed thatall the three extracts (petroleum ether, choloroform, and ethyl alcohol) in the combined treatment had significantly inhibited the effect of MMS-induced genotoxic effects. When compared to others, the ethanol extract showed a very significant antimutagenic activity. Conclusion: The compounds that are present in the extracts may directly interact with the methyl radical groups of MMS and inactivate them by chemical reaction. It is also possible that the compounds in the extract compete to interact with the nucleophilic sites in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thus altering the binding of the mutagen to these sites. Although our results indicate that the compounds present in the extracts may directly interact with the methyl radical groups of MMS and inactivate them by chemical reaction, it may also be quite interesting to investigate through the other different mechanisms by which D. pentaphylla could interfere in vivo on the effect of genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Prakash
- Department of Applied Zoology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, India
| | - B B Hosetti
- Department of Applied Zoology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, India
| | - B L Dhananjaya
- Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Emerging Technologies, Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Kanakapura Taluk, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Leite ADS, Dantas AF, Oliveira GLDS, Gomes Júnior AL, de Lima SG, Citó AMDGL, de Freitas RM, Melo-Cavalcante AADC, Dantas Lopes JA. Evaluation of toxic, cytotoxic, mutagenic, and antimutagenic activities of natural and technical cashew nut shell liquids using the Allium cepa and Artemia salina bioassays. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:626835. [PMID: 25861638 PMCID: PMC4377390 DOI: 10.1155/2015/626835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The cashew nut releases a substance that is known as cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). There are both natural (iCNSL) and technical (tCNSL) cashew nut shell liquids. This study used an Artemia salina bioassay to evaluate the toxic effects of iCNSL and tCNSL cashew nut shell liquids. It also evaluated the toxicity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity of CNSL and its effects on the damage induced by copper sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O) on the meristems' root of Allium cepa. Effects of the damage induced by CuSO4·5H2O were evaluated before (pre-), during (co-), and after (post-) treatments. The iCNSL contained 94.5% anacardic acid, and the tCNSL contained 91.3% cardanol. The liquids were toxic to A. salina. Toxicity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity were observed with iCNSL compared with the negative control. Similarly, iCNSL failed to inhibit the toxicity and cytotoxicity of CuSO4·5H2O. The tCNSL was not toxic, cytotoxic, or mutagenic in any of the concentrations. However, the lowest iCNSL concentrations and all of the tCNSL concentrations had preventive, antimutagenic, and reparative effects on micronuclei and on chromosomal aberrations in the A. cepa. Therefore, protective, modulating, and reparative effects may be observed in the A. cepa, depending on the concentration and type of CNSL used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aracelli de Sousa Leite
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Genética Toxicológica de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Alisson Ferreira Dantas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - George Laylson da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Antonio L. Gomes Júnior
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Genética Toxicológica de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Sidney Gonçalo de Lima
- Departamento de Química, CCN, Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Rivelilson M. de Freitas
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia de C. Melo-Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Genética Toxicológica de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - José Arimateia Dantas Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
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Caon T, Kaiser S, Feltrin C, de Carvalho A, Sincero TCM, Ortega GG, Simões CMO. Antimutagenic and antiherpetic activities of different preparations from Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw). Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:30-5. [PMID: 24447975 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Uncaria tomentosa have been used to treat viral diseases such as herpes due to multiple pharmacological effects, but its therapeutic efficacy against this virus have not been reported yet. Thus, in vitro antiherpetic activity of hydroethanolic extract from barks, purified fractions of quinovic acid glycosides and oxindole alkaloids was evaluated by plaque reduction assay, including mechanistic studies (virucidal, attachment and penetration action). Once exposure to physical agents might lead to reactivation of the herpetic infection, antimutagenic effect (pre-, simultaneous and post-treatment protocols) was also evaluated by Comet assay. The antiherpetic activity from the samples under investigation seemed to be associated with the presence of polyphenols or their synergistic effect with oxindole alkaloids or quinovic acid glycosides, once both purified fractions did not present activity when evaluated alone. Inhibition of viral attachment in the host cells was the main mechanism of antiviral activity. Although both purified fractions displayed the lowest antimutagenic activity in pre and simultaneous treatment, they provided a similar effect to that of cat's claw hydroethanolic extract in post-treatment. Given that purified fractions may result in a reduced antiherpetic activity, the use of cat's claw hydroethanolic extract from barks should be prioritized in order to obtain a synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Caon
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | - Samuel Kaiser
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Departamento de Controle e Produção de Medicamentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Santana, 90610-000 Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Feltrin
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | - Annelise de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | - Thaís Cristine Marques Sincero
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | - George González Ortega
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Departamento de Controle e Produção de Medicamentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Santana, 90610-000 Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil.
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Antimutagenic Effect of Medicinal Plants Achillea millefolium and Bauhinia forficata In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:893050. [PMID: 24459532 PMCID: PMC3891236 DOI: 10.1155/2013/893050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of traditionally used medicinal plants is valuable both as a source of potential chemotherapeutic drugs and as a measure of safety for the continued use of these medicinal plants. Achillea millefolium L. (AM) is an ancient remedial herb native to Europe that is used to treat wounds, gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders, inflammation, headaches, and pain. Bauhinia forficata Link (BF), an Asiatic plant, is one of the most commonly used plants in folk medicine against diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and antimutagenic potential of aqueous extracts of AM and BF on bone marrow cells of Wistar rats treated in vivo. These plant extracts possess considerable antioxidant activity due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. These compounds were determinants to noncytotoxic and antimutagenic/protective action of these plants, that reduced statistically the percentage of chromosomal alterations induced by the chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide in simultaneous (AM, 68%; BF, 91%), pre- (AM, 68%; BF, 71%), and post-treatment (AM, 67%; BF, 95%). Therefore, the results of this study indicate that extracts of A. millefolium and B. forficata have antimutagenic potential and that their consumption can benefit the health of those using them as an alternative therapy.
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Peron AP, Mariucci RG, de Almeida IV, Düsman E, Mantovani MS, Vicentini VEP. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of a natural antidepressant, Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort), on vegetal and animal test systems. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:97. [PMID: 23647762 PMCID: PMC3653805 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is an herbaceous plant that is native to Europe, West Asia and North Africa and that is recognized and used worldwide for the treatment of mild and moderate depression. It also has been shown to be therapeutic for the treatment of burns, bruises and swelling and can be used for its wound healing, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, hepato-protective and anxiolytic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential cytotoxic, mutagenic and antimutagenic action of H. Perforatum. Methods Meristematic cells were used as the test system for Allium cepa L., and bone marrow cells from Rattus norvegicus, ex vivo, were used to calculate the mitotic index and the percentage of chromosomal aberration. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. Results This medicinal plant had no cytotoxic potential in the vegetal test system evaluated. In the animal test system, none of the acute treatments, including intraperitoneal gavage and subchronic gavage, were cytotoxic or mutagenic. Moreover, this plant presented antimutagenic activity against the clastogenic action of cyclophosphamide, as confirmed in pre-treatment (76% reduction in damage), simultaneous treatment (95%) and post-treatment (97%). Conclusions Thus, the results of this study suggest that the administration of H. perforatum, especially by gavage similar to oral consumption used by humans, is safe and with beneficial antimutagenic potential.
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Bunin GR, Li Y, Ganguly A, Meadows AT, Tseng M. Parental nutrient intake and risk of retinoblastoma resulting from new germline RB1 mutation. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 24:343-55. [PMID: 23224327 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-0120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted a case-control study to examine the role of parents' nutrient intake before their child's conception in the child's risk of sporadic bilateral retinoblastoma, which results from a new germline RB1 mutation. METHODS Parents of 206 cases from 9 North American institutions and 269 friend and relative controls participated; fathers of 182 cases and 223 controls and mothers of 202 cases and 260 controls provided useable information in telephone interviews on their diet in the year before the child's conception. We also asked parents about supplements, a significant source of nutrients in users. RESULTS Father's intake of dairy-associated nutrients and his use of calcium supplements were associated with decreased risk, while his intake of copper, manganese, and vitamin E was associated with increased risk. Mother's use of multivitamins close to conception was associated with lower risk as was her intake of several micronutrients found in these supplements. In analyses to elucidate the primary factor from multiple correlated factors, the most robust findings were for father's calcium intake (adjusted OR = 0.46-0.63 for 700 mg increase) and calcium supplement use (OR = 0.35-0.41) and mother's multivitamin use (ORs 0.28-0.48). CONCLUSIONS There are few directly relevant studies but some data indirectly support the biologic plausibility of the inverse associations with father's calcium intake and mother's use of multivitamins; however, we cannot rule out contributions of bias, confounding, or chance. Our findings provide a starting point for further investigation of diet in the etiology of retinoblastoma and new germline mutation generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta R Bunin
- Division of Oncology, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Aicha N, Ines S, Mohamed BS, Ines B, Soumaya K, Kamel G, Mohamed N, Imed C, Mohamed H, Leila CG. Chemical Composition, Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Activities of Essential Oils from (Tunisian) Artemisia campestris and Artemisia herba-alba. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2008.9700061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neffati Aicha
- a Unité de Pharmacognosie/Biologie Moléculaire 99/UR/07-03- Faculté de Pharmacie Monastir , Rue Avicenne, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Skandrani Ines
- a Unité de Pharmacognosie/Biologie Moléculaire 99/UR/07-03- Faculté de Pharmacie Monastir , Rue Avicenne, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Ben Sghaier Mohamed
- a Unité de Pharmacognosie/Biologie Moléculaire 99/UR/07-03- Faculté de Pharmacie Monastir , Rue Avicenne, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Bouhlel Ines
- a Unité de Pharmacognosie/Biologie Moléculaire 99/UR/07-03- Faculté de Pharmacie Monastir , Rue Avicenne, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Kilani Soumaya
- a Unité de Pharmacognosie/Biologie Moléculaire 99/UR/07-03- Faculté de Pharmacie Monastir , Rue Avicenne, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Ghedira Kamel
- a Unité de Pharmacognosie/Biologie Moléculaire 99/UR/07-03- Faculté de Pharmacie Monastir , Rue Avicenne, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Neffati Mohamed
- b Laboratoire d'Ecologie Pastorale , Institut des Régions Arides Médenine , Route El Jorf_ Km 22.5_ 4119, Médenine, Tunisia
| | - Chraief Imed
- c Laboratoire de Biochimie/USR de spectrométrie de Masse, Faculté de Médecine de Monastir , Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hammami Mohamed
- c Laboratoire de Biochimie/USR de spectrométrie de Masse, Faculté de Médecine de Monastir , Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Chekir-Ghedira Leila
- d Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir , Rue Avicenne, 5000, Tunisia
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Dietary carotenoid lutein protects against DNA damage and alterations of the redox status induced by cisplatin in human derived HepG2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 26:288-94. [PMID: 22138568 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiological and experimental studies has been reported that lutein (LT) presents antioxidant properties. Aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of LT against oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by cisplatin (cDDP) in a human derived liver cell line (HepG2). Cell viability and DNA-damage was monitored by MTT and comet assays. Moreover, different biochemical parameters related to redox status (glutathione, cytochrome-c and intracellular ROS) were also evaluated. A clear DNA-damage was seen with cDDP (1.0μM) treatment. In combination with the carotenoid, reduction of DNA damage was observed after pre- and simultaneous treatment of the cells, but not when the carotenoid was added to the cells after the exposure to cDDP. Exposure of the cells to cDDP also caused significant changes of all biochemical parameters and in co-treatment of the cells with LT, the carotenoid reverted these alterations. The results indicate that cDDP induces pronounced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells that is related to DNA damage and that the supplementation with the antioxidant LT may protect these adverse effects caused by the exposure of the cells to platinum compound, which can be a good predict for chemoprevention.
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Siddique YH, Ara G, Beg T, Afzal M, Faisal M. Antigenotoxic effect of thePlumbago zeylanicaextract against the genotoxic damage induced by potassium canrenoate in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 35:119-26. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.589443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Roma GC, De Oliveira PR, Bechara GH, Camargo Mathias MI. Cytotoxic effects of permethrin on mouse liver and spleen cells. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 75:229-38. [PMID: 21809414 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.21047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the histopathological and histochemical effects of different dosages of permethrin on liver and spleen cells of mice, in order to evaluate the toxic potential of this substance and the possible impairments that this chemical causes in different tissues of nontarget organisms (laboratorial conditions). The results showed that permethrin caused severe alterations in the liver cells, reducing the size of the nuclei and causing hydropic degeneration of the hepatocytes, in addition to stimulating the proliferation of Kupffer cells, altered the amount of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes and congested the hepatic capillaries. As for the spleen of the treated mice, no alterations were observed in the morphology in relation to the control group, what would suggest that the spleen would continue performing its functions, without suffering morphological alterations even in the presence of the toxic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Cristina Roma
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Avenida 24 A, 1515, 13506-900-Rio Claro, SP, Brazil, CP 199
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Barcelos GRM, Grotto D, Angeli JPF, Serpeloni JM, Rocha BA, Bastos JK, Barbosa F. Evaluation of antigenotoxic effects of plant flavonoids quercetin and rutin on HepG2 cells. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1381-8. [PMID: 25363758 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoid quercetin and its derivative rutin were investigated for genotoxicity/antigenotoxicity activity in human hepatoma HepG2 cells using the comet assay. The extract cytotoxicity was evaluated using the trypan blue exclusion dye method with quercetin and rutin concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 200.0 μg/mL of culture medium. Three minor non-cytotoxic concentrations were chosen to evaluate the genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of the flavonoids (0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 μg/mL) through comet assay. The cultures were treated with three different concentrations of rutin or quercetin (genotoxicity) or their association with Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) or doxorubicin (DXR) (antigenotoxicity test) in three protocols: pre-treatment, simultaneous treatment and post-treatment. The cell cultures were also treated with 1% DMSO (control group), AFB1, MMS and DXR (positive-control). Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and Dunnett's test (p ≤ 0.05). Quercetin at concentrations higher than 10.0 μg/mL or rutin higher than 50.0 μg/mL exhibited a cytotoxic effect on the cells, showing that quercetin is more cytotoxic than rutin. Furthermore, neither compound was able to induce genotoxicity in the concentrations evaluated. On the other hand, both flavonoids reduced DNA damage induced by AFB1, MMS and DXR in all treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo R M Barcelos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo, Av. do Café,s/n°, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Maslat AO, Jibril I, Mizyed S. Antimutagenic activities of two suspected anticarcinogenic bifunctional organoiron seleno-terephthalate derivatives. Drug Chem Toxicol 2010; 33:254-60. [PMID: 20462347 DOI: 10.3109/01480540903349266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Two newly bifunctional organoiron seleno-terephthalate derivatives (S1 and S2) were synthesized as potential anticarcinogenic compounds. In a previous study, they were found to have antibacterial and/or antifungal activity, while they did not show any mutagenic action. Such compounds were investigated in the present study for their antimutagenic activity. Sodium azide, hydrogen peroxide, and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, as known mutagens for strains TA100, TA102, and TA98 of Salmonella typhimurium, respectively, were used. Both (S1 and S2) compounds showed a strong antimutagenic action of >98% against sodium azide, >70% against hydrogen peroxide, and >65% activity against 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine. Bearing in mind the strong correlation between mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, the above compounds can be considered as potentially promising anticarcinogens. Therefore, the present results are very encouraging to investigate the above compounds for other biological activities, including their evaluation as anticarcinogens. A suggested mechanism for the antimutagenicity of the tested compounds is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Maslat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
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Rigonato J, Mantovani MS, Jordão BQ. Detection of genotoxicity of water from an urbanized stream, in Corbicula fluminea (Mollusca) (in vivo) and CHO-K1 cells (in vitro) using comet assay. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 59:31-38. [PMID: 20037782 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-009-9446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay was utilized to investigate the quality of water from seven locations along the Cambé Stream, in vivo (Corbicula fluminea hemolymph), in vitro (CHO-K1 cells), in situ, and in laboratory studies. The Cambé Stream basin (Londrina, PR, Brazil) is almost completely urbanized and receives different forms of industrial and domestic runoff. The data indicated the occurrence of DNA damage in cells examined in vivo and in vitro, shown by the significant increase in frequencies of cells with DNA damage after exposure to water from all seven locations used in the study. Our results strongly suggest the presence of genotoxic agent(s) in water at all of the sampled locations, demonstrated by elevated numbers of cells with DNA damaged in field and laboratory tests. In all of the places sampled, domestic sewage influence appeared to be one important cause for the introduction of xenobiotics, environmental genotoxins, and pollutants into the water. Thus, the comet assay applied in these cell systems was able to detect adverse environmental conditions, proving to be a very adequate short-term test and should be included in batteries of tests utilized in the monitoring of aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Rigonato
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
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Resende FA, Tomazella IM, Barbosa LC, Ponce M, Furtado RA, Pereira AC, Bastos JK, Andrade E Silva ML, Tavares DC. Effect of the dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan (-)-hinokinin on doxorubicin and methyl methanesulfonate clastogenicity in V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts. Mutat Res 2010; 700:62-6. [PMID: 20452459 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan (-)-hinokinin (HK) was obtained by partial synthesis from (-)-cubebin, isolated from the dry seeds of the pepper, Piper cubeba. In view of the trypanocidal activity of HK and its potential as a lead compound for drug development, evaluation of its possible genotoxic activity is required. We have tested HK for possible genotoxicity and evaluated the compound's effect on the activity of the clastogens doxorubicin (DXR) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) in the micronucleus (MN) assay with Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V79 cells. HK alone did not induce MN, at concentrations up to 128microM. In combined treatments, HK reduced the frequency of MN induced by MMS. With respect to DXR, HK exerted a protective effect at lower concentrations, but at higher concentrations it potentiated DXR clastogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Aparecida Resende
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, 14801-902 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rodrigues FP, Angeli JPF, Mantovani MS, Guedes CLB, Jordão BQ. Genotoxic evaluation of an industrial effluent from an oil refinery using plant and animal bioassays. Genet Mol Biol 2010; 33:169-75. [PMID: 21637622 PMCID: PMC3036090 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572010005000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are genotoxic chemicals commonly found in effluents from oil refineries. Bioassays using plants and cells cultures can be employed for assessing environmental safety and potential genotoxicity. In this study, the genotoxic potential of an oil refinery effluent was analyzed by means of micronucleus (MN) testing of Alium cepa, which revealed no effect after 24 h of treatment. On the other hand, primary lesions in the DNA of rat (Rattus norvegicus) hepatoma cells (HTC) were observed through comet assaying after only 2 h of exposure. On considering the capacity to detect DNA damage of a different nature and of these cells to metabolize xenobiotics, we suggest the association of the two bioassays with these cell types, plant (Allium cepa) and mammal (HTC) cells, for more accurately assessing genotoxicity in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Postalli Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR Brazil
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Narayan BH, Tatewaki N, Giridharan VV, Nishida H, Konishi T. Modulation of doxorubicin-induced genotoxicity by squalene in Balb/c mice. Food Funct 2010; 1:174-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0fo00102c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Angeli JPF, Barcelos GRM, Serpeloni JM, Barbosa Junior F, Nersesyan A, Mantovani MS. Evaluation of the genotoxic and anti-genotoxic activities of Silybin in human hepatoma cells (HepG2). Mutagenesis 2009; 25:223-9. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gep064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Barcelos GRM, Angeli JPF, Serpeloni JM, Rocha BA, Mantovani MS, Antunes LMG. Effect of annatto on micronuclei induction by direct and indirect mutagens in HepG2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2009; 50:808-814. [PMID: 19402158 DOI: 10.1002/em.20494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Annatto (AN), a natural food colorant rich in carotenoids, has been reported as being an effective antioxidant, but little is known about its potential chemopreventive properties. In this study, we evaluated the ability of AN to protect human hepatoma cells (HepG2) from micronucleus (MN) induction against three different mutagens: benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), doxorubicin (DXR), and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). In an attempt to clarify the possible mechanism of antimutagenicity of AN, three protocols of treatment were applied (pretreatment; simultaneous treatment, and post-treatment with AN following treatment with the mutagens). Also, cells exposed only to AN were assayed for cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. A dosage up to 10 microg/ml of AN was devoid of mutagenic activity. Protective effects were seen on micronuclei induced by B(a)P and DXR using pre and simultaneous treatment, but AN had no significant effect on MN induction by MMS in any of the protocols. Our results also show that exposure of cells to concentrations of AN higher than 10 microg/ml decreased cell viability. Taken together, our findings indicate that AN presents antimutagenic activity in vitro, but its protective effect is dependent on the mutagen and on type of treatment suggesting its potential use as a chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Rafael Mazzaron Barcelos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Bromatológicas e Toxicológicas de Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo Av. do Café, s/n., Campus Universitário da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil.
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Siddique YH, Ara G, Beg T, Faisal M, Ahmad M, Afzal M. Antigenotoxic role of Centella asiatica L. extract against cyproterone acetate induced genotoxic damage in cultured human lymphocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22:10-7. [PMID: 17719740 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The majority of the Indian population use traditional natural preparations derived from plant material for the treatment of various diseases, and for that reason it becomes necessary to assess the mutagenic potential or modulating action of plants extract when associated with other substances. The genotoxicity testing provides human a risk assessment. Earlier in vitro and in vivo studies reveal that the plant extracts from various parts of the plant play a modulating role in xenobiotic effects. Identification and characterization of some active principles may lead to the development of the strategies to reduce the risk for developing cancer in humans. Cyproterone acetate (CPA), a synthetic progestin is not only a genotoxic agent but also a tumor initiating agent. It is used in oral contraceptives formulations and also in the treatment of various sexual and metabolic disorders. In this context, the antigenotoxic effect of Centella asiatica L. extract was studied against the genotoxic effect induced by CPA on human lymphocytes using chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges as parameters. The treatment of the two doses of CPA, i.e. 20 and 30 microM was given along with the C. asiatica extract at the dosages of 1.075 x 10(-4), 2.125 x 10(-4), 3.15 x 10(-4) and 4.17 x 0(-4)g/ml of culture medium. A clear dose dependent decrease in the genotoxic damage of CPA was observed, suggesting a protective role of C. asiatica extract during CPA therapy. The results of the present study suggest that the plant extract per se do not have genotoxic potential, but can modulate the genotoxicity of CPA on human lymphocytes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, UP, India.
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Silva RMGD, Sousa NCD, Graf U, Spanó MA. Antigenotoxic effects of Mandevilla velutina (Gentianales, Apocynaceae) crude extract on cyclophosphamide-induced micronuclei in Swiss mice and urethane-induced somatic mutation and recombination in Drosophila melanogaster. Genet Mol Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572008000400023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ulrich Graf
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland
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Barcelos GRM, Shimabukuro F, Maciel MAM, Cólus IMS. Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) in V79 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:1468-75. [PMID: 17706911 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of plants for the treatment of diseases continues to rise although there are few studies providing proof of these effects. One of these plants is the Anacardium occidentale, popularly known as the cashew. The present study evaluated the possible genotoxic and protective activities of cashew stem bark methanolic extract, in vitro, using methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) as a positive control, to compare possible mechanisms of DNA damage induction in the Comet assay. The antigenotoxicity protocols used were pre, simultaneous and post-treatment in relation to MMS. In genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity assessments, besides MMS, PBS was used as the negative control and three concentrations of the A. occidentale extract (500 microg/mL, 1000 microg/mL and 2000 microg/mL) were used on Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cells). The Comet assay revealed that the two lowest concentrations tested presented no genotoxic activity, whereas the highest presented genotoxicity. All of the concentrations showed protective activity in simultaneous and post-treatment in relation to MMS. Further studies are required to identify the substances that comprise the extract and more clearly comprehend the antigenotoxic mechanism detected in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R M Barcelos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid km 380, 86051-990 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Barcelos GRM, Shimabukuro F, Mori MP, Maciel MAM, Cólus IMDS. Evaluation of mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of cashew stem bark methanolic extract in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 114:268-73. [PMID: 17889467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants remain to be a great source of medicines for humanity. Among them is the Anacardium occidentale L. species, popularly known as the cashew, which has several therapeutic indications, such as cicatrizing, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic and antitumoral properties. The objective of the present work was to assess the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of cashew stem bark methanolic extract (CSBME) on cell cultures of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79). The cultures were treated with different concentrations of the CSBME (500, 1000 and 2000 microg/mL) or with the extract associated with doxorubicin (DXR, 0.75 microg/mL) during the cell cycle phases G1, S, and G2 and throughout continuous treatment. Apart from these treatments, the cell cultures were also treated with PBS (negative-control) and DXR (positive-control). The data obtained in the chromosome aberrations (CA) test showed a significant reduction in CA frequency in the cultures treated with DXR and extract in comparison with those that received only DXR during the cell cycle phases G1 and S and throughout the entire cycle, as well as the absence of mutagenicity in all the treatments realized. The antimutagenic effect observed in this work reinforces the presence of the previously described therapeutic properties of cashew and indicates the safe use of this extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Rafael Mazzaron Barcelos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid km 380, 86051-990 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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31
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Cao J, Jiang LP, Liu Y, Yang G, Yao XF, Zhong LF. Curcumin-induced genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Toxicon 2007; 49:1219-22. [PMID: 17433396 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Revised: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenolic yellow pigment found in turmeric, is commonly used as a coloring agent in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. In our previous study, we found that low levels of curcumin did not increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and caused no damage to DNA in human hepatoma G2 (HepG2) cells, but at high doses, curcumin imposed oxidative stress and damaged DNA. In the present study, we are determined to investigate the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of curcumin using HepG2 cell line, a relevant in vitro model to detect the cytoprotective, antigenotoxic, and cogenotoxic agents. The results of micronucleus (MN) assays showed that, on one hand, curcumin at the high tested concentrations (8 and 16 microg/ml) displayed a small but significant increase in the frequency of MN, and on the other hand, it was observed that the low tested concentration (2 microg/ml) significantly reduced the MN formation induced by the chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide. The present results indicate that curcumin shows both genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity depending on its concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Department of Toxicology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
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Miyaji CK, Poersch A, Ribeiro LR, Eira AF, Cólus IMS. Shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berkeley) Pegler) extracts as a modulator of micronuclei induced in HEp-2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2006; 20:1555-9. [PMID: 16949247 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Revised: 07/02/2006] [Accepted: 07/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berkeley) Pegler) is one of the most consumed mushrooms, for both therapeutic purposes and as food, therefore, the study of its biological properties is of great interest for producers and consumers. Aqueous extracts of the shiitake mushroom (L. edodes (Berkeley) Pegler) were evaluated by the micronucleus test (MN) in HEp-2 cells in vitro, to analyze their possible mutagenic and antimutagenic activities. None of the three extract concentrations tested (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mg/mL) presented mutagenicity at any of the preparation temperatures (4 degrees C, 22+/-2 degrees C and 60 degrees C). In the antimutagenicity evaluation, all extract concentrations at all preparation temperatures presented a strong protective activity for the HEp-2 cells in response to the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) in the different treatment protocols: pre-treatment, simultaneous treatment and post-treatment. The extracts prepared at 22+/-2 degrees C presented the lowest frequencies of MN in the evaluations of mutagenicity and antimutagenicity, indicating these as the best option for potential therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Miyaji
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Campus Universitario CCB, Departamento de Biologia Geral-CCB, Cx. Postal 6001, CEP 86051-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Guterres ZDR, Mantovani MS, Eira AFD, Ribeiro LR, Jordão BQ. Genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of organic extracts of mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill on V79 cells. Genet Mol Biol 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572005000300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Guterrez ZR, Mantovani MS, Eira AF, Ribeiro LR, Jordão BQ. Variation of the antimutagenicity effects of water extracts of Agaricus blazei Murrill in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2005; 18:301-9. [PMID: 15046777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2003.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2003] [Accepted: 09/09/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Agaricus blazei Murill, popularly known as "Sun Mushroom" or "Himematsutake", is native to Brazil. Nowadays, this mushroom has been target of great scientific interest due to its medical power and because it has shown antitumoral and immune modulatory properties. This work evaluated the mutagenic and antimutagenic potential from aqueous extracts prepared in different temperatures (4 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 60 degrees C) from the lineage AB 97/29 in two basidiocarp phases (young and sporulated) and from A. blazei commercialized in Londrina-PR-Brazil, named here as AB PR, and in Piedade-SP-Brazil, named as AB SP. Both micronucleus (MN) as comet assays were used. Chinese hamster lung V79 cells were treated in three antimutagenic experimental protocols: pre-, post- and simultaneous treatments, with the aqueous extracts of the A. blazei Murill and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The results suggested that under these circumstances of treatment, aqueous extracts of the A. blazei in both assays did not show any genotoxic potential. However, by the MN test, an antigenotoxic effect was shown against mutagenicity inducted by MMS for aqueous extracts at 60 degrees C of mushroom commercialized in Piedade- SP, in pre-, post- and simultaneous treatments and for AB PR only when used in pre-treatment. On the other hand, with comet assay, the results showed no protective effect in any case. The numbers indicated that different results can be get from A. blazei teas, and that not all of them seemed to be an efficient antimutagen against the induction of micronuclei by MMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z R Guterrez
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina- UEL, Campus Universitário, C. P. 6001, CEP: 86.051-990, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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35
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Roncada T, Vicentini VEP, Mantovani MS. Possible modulating actions of plant extracts on the chromosome breaking activity of MMC and Ara-C in human lymphocytes in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2005; 18:617-22. [PMID: 15251179 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2004.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2003] [Accepted: 02/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Plants popularly used as medicine have been seen as promising natural agents by the pharmaceutical industry. In the present study the action of Psidium guajava L. (Pg) and Achillea millefolium L. (Am) infusions on chromosomal aberration formation in human lymphocyte system in vitro was assessed, associating them with the alkylating agent mitomycin C (MMC) and the DNA repair inhibitor cytosine-beta-arabin-furanoside (Ara-C). The cells were cultivated for 72 h and treated continuously with Pg and the Am infusions at dosages of 2.62 x 10(-4) g and 3.5 x 10(-4) g/ml culture medium, respectively. Treatments with MMC (0.30 microg/ml) or Ara-C (5 x 10(-7) microg/ml) were administered after 48 h of cell culture. Each samples (five individual) were exposed to nine treatments (control with PBS; Pg; Am; MMC; MMC+Pg; MMC+Am; Ara-C; Ara-C+Pg; and Ara-C+Am) and 100 cells were analyzed per cell culture. The used doses of each infusion did not cause clastogenic effects significantly different to the negative control (control=1%; Pg=2.2%; Am=1.8%). Nevertheless, the aberrant cell frequency after MMC treatment was significantly increased by the Am infusion (MMC=32.4%; MMC+Pg=36.2%; MMC+Am=44%), especially when the chromatid break types number was scored (MMC=151; MMC+Pg=173; MMC+Am=249). Regarding DNA repair inhibition by Ara-C, the Pg infusion caused a significant reduction in aberrant cell frequency (Ara-C=15.8%; Ara-C+Pg=11%; Ara-C+Am=14.4%), only when the chromatid break types number was scored (Ara-C=63; Ara-C+Pg=40; Ara-C+Am=58). These results indicate that the plant infusions per se do not have clastogenic activity, but can influence the clastogenic action of MMC and Ara-C on DNA break induction, in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Roncada
- Deparmento de Biologia Geral, CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, UEL-CCB-BIO, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, CEP: 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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36
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Miyaji CK, Jordão BQ, Ribeiro LR, Eira AF, Cólus IMS. Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity assessment of shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berkeley) Pegler) using the Comet assay. Genet Mol Biol 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572004000100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- CK Miyaji
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
| | - BQ Jordão
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
| | - LR Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil; Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Brazil
| | - AF Eira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
| | - IMS Cólus
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
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Martins de Oliveira J, Jordão BQ, Ribeiro LR, Ferreira da Eira A, Mantovani MS. Anti-genotoxic effect of aqueous extracts of sun mushroom (Agaricus blazei Murill lineage 99/26) in mammalian cells in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2002; 40:1775-80. [PMID: 12419691 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The "sun mushroom" is the popular name for the Agaricus blazei Murill fungus, a mushroom native to south-eastern Brazil, which has been frequently used in popular medicine mainly in the form of tea to treat various ailments (stress, diabetes, etc.). In the present study, the genotoxic and/or anti-genotoxic effects ofA. blazei on mammalian cells in culture was assessed by checking the increase or reduction of micronucleus (MN) frequency and comets. The sun mushroom (lineage 99/26) was used as aqueous extracts prepared (2.5%) at three different temperatures (60, 25 and 4 degrees C). The in vitro micronucleus (MN) test in binucleated cells and comet assay were used in V79 cells cultivated in HAM-F10+DMEM medium (1:1), supplemented with 10% of fetal bovine serum. The experiments were divided into four treatment types: 1. Negative control; 2. Positive control with MMS; 3. Treatments with the three forms of extracts (60, 25 and 4 degrees C); and 4. Treatments with the extracts in different associations (simultaneous, pre-treatment, post-treatment and simultaneous after pre-incubation for 1 h) with MMS. None of the A. blazei extracts show genotoxic activity. In the comet assay no protecting effect was found. The results obtained in the MN test showed that the three forms of extracts used had protective activity, suggesting that the compound or active ingredients of A. blazei are always present in these extracts. The greater protective efficiency of the simultaneous treatment and simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation mixture with MMS suggests that the extracts have an antimutagenic action of the desmutagenic type.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martins de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx Postal 6001, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Nakahara K, Trakoontivakorn G, Alzoreky NS, Ono H, Onishi-Kameyama M, Yoshida M. Antimutagenicity of some edible Thai plants, and a bioactive carbazole alkaloid, mahanine, isolated from Micromelum minutum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:4796-4802. [PMID: 12166962 DOI: 10.1021/jf025564w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The antimutagenic activity against Trp-P-1 of methanolic extracts of 118 samples (108 species) of edible Thai plants was examined by the Ames Test. The activity was evaluated by the amount of plant extracts which suppressed 90% of the mutagenesis (ED90). Five plants, Micromelum minutum, Oroxylum indicum, Cuscuta chinensis, Azadirachta indica, and Litsea petiolata, exhibited significant activity with antimutagenic ED90 values lower than 5 microL/plate (0.1 mg of dry plant material equivalent). The activity-guided fractionation of the extract of M. minutum, which exhibited the highest antimutagenic activity in the screening, resulted in the isolation of an active principle, (+)-mahanine (1) as confirmed by its physicochemical properties. Compound 1 showed a wide variety of biological activity, including antimutagenicity against heterocyclic amines such as Trp-P-1 with an IC50 of 5.2 microM, cytotoxicity against a tumor cell line HL60 with a MIC100 of 4.0 microg/mL, and antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC100 values of 6.25 and 12.5 microg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Nakahara
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan.
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Idaomar M, El-Hamss R, Bakkali F, Mezzoug N, Zhiri A, Baudoux D, Muñoz-Serrano A, Liemans V, Alonso-Moraga A. Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of some essential oils evaluated by wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster. Mutat Res 2002; 513:61-8. [PMID: 11719090 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(01)00287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils extracted from the three medicinal plants; Helichrysum italicum, Ledum groenlandicum and Ravensara aromatica, together with their mixture were tested for their genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities against urethane, a well-known promutagen. We have adopted the somatic mutations and recombination test (SMART) in the wings of Drosophila melanogaster. Three days old larvae, trans-heterozygous for two genetic markers mwh and flr, were treated by essential oil and/or urethane. A negative control corresponding to solvent was also used. Our results do not show any significant effect of the oils tested but they reduce the mutation ratio resulting from urethane. The mixture of the three oils at equal volume seems to be the most effective. The antimutagenic effect of these oils could be explained by the interaction of their constituents with cytochrome P-450 activation system leading to a reduction of the formation of the active metabolite. The effect could also be attributed to certain molecules that are involved in these oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Idaomar
- Départemento de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (BCM), Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, BP 2121, 93002 Tétouan, Morocco.
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40
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Kuroda Y, Shima N, Yazawa K, Kaji K. Desmutagenic and bio-antimutagenic activity of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells. Mutat Res 2001; 497:123-30. [PMID: 11525914 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(01)00247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The antimutagenic activities of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were examined by studying their effects on induction of 6-thioguanine (6TG)-resistant mutations by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells. DRA had a remarkable inhibitory effect against the cytotoxicity of EMS, when cells were simultaneously-treated with EMS, showing a blocking or scavenging activity of DHA in reduction of surviving fraction of cells. DHA had not so significant effect, when cells were treated before and after treatment with EMS. On the other hand, EPA had marked inhibiting effects against cytotoxicity of EMS, when cells were treated with EPA, before, simultaneous and after treatment with EMS. Against the induction of mutations by EMS, an antimutagenic activity of DHA was found when cells were pre-treated, simultaneously-treated or post-treated with DHA. EPA was also effective in reducing EMS-induced 6TG-resistant mutations when the cells were treated using the three different treatment procedures described above. The results suggest that in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells, DHA and EPA may have both desmutagenic activity, which inactivates EMS chemically and/or enzymatically and bio-antimutagenic activity which suppresses mutation fixation after DNA is damaged by EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kuroda
- National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Shizuoka, Japan.
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41
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Chung WT, Lee SH, Kim JD, Park YS, Hwang B, Lee SY, Lee HY. Effect of mycelial culture broth of Ganoderma lucidum on the growth characteristics of human cell lines. J Biosci Bioeng 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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42
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Abstract
Muitos compostos presentes nos alimentos, tanto naturalmente, como adicionados ou produzidos durante o processamento, já foram testados quanto à mutagenicidade ou antimutagenicidade em diferentes sistemas experimentais. O grande número de corantes para alimentos, naturais ou sintéticos, tem levado os pesquisadores a avaliar a mutagenicidade e/ou antimutagenicidade desses compostos. Alguns corantes sintéticos apresentaram potencial mutagênico e seu uso foi proibido em alguns países. Muitos corantes naturais testados apresentaram potencial antimutagênico em pelo menos um sistema-teste, entretanto, isto não quer dizer que os corantes naturais são inócuos. O corante natural curcumina, por exemplo, apresentou potencial antimutagênico nos testes in vivo e foi mutagênico nos testes in vitro. Este paradoxo ressalta a importância de uma avaliação criteriosa e ampla na avaliação da possível atividade mutagênica e/ou antimutagênica dos corantes.
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Cecchi AO, Takahashi CS. Comparative study of the effects of vitamin C and bleomycin on smokers' and non-smokers' lymphocytes in clastogenicity assays. TERATOGENESIS, CARCINOGENESIS, AND MUTAGENESIS 2000; 19:43-51. [PMID: 10321409 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6866(1999)19:1<43::aid-tcm5>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals are products of metabolic reactions and of external factors that can injure different biological molecules. However, different antioxidant agents can prevent the action of these reactive species and the damage they cause. Vitamin C (VC) is an important micronutrient found in the diet, which presents defense mechanisms against the free radicals that challenge the cells of the organism. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of VC as a modulator of the damage induced in DNA by bleomycin (BLM) in lymphocytes from smokers and non-smokers. The difference in response to the mutagenic potential of BLM between smokers and non-smokers was also investigated. Peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures were treated simultaneously with BLM (20 microg/ml) and/or VC (100, 200, and 400 microg/ml) in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. The results obtained did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in the response to the antitumor agent BLM between smokers and non-smokers. The data also showed that VC had no significant modulating effect on the frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by BLM in the cells of smokers and non-smokers under the experimental conditions used.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Cecchi
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Horváthová E, Bonatti S, Abbondandolo A, Slamenová D. Induction of kinetochore positive and negative micronuclei in V79 cells by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine: the protective effect of the pyridoindole antioxidant stobadine. Mutat Res 1997; 395:243-7. [PMID: 9465936 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(97)00156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The induction of micronuclei by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and their reduction by the cardioprotective synthetic antioxidant, stobadine were studied in hamster V79 cells cultured in vitro. The micronuclei derived from acentric fragments or from whole chromosomes were evaluated with the help of an immunofluorescent staining using antikinetochore antibodies from the serum of scleroderma (CREST syndrome) patients. Our results showed that MNNG (0.5 microgram/ml) induced mainly kinetochore-negative micronuclei. At 6, 24 and 48 h after MNNG treatment, we measured a 2.7-, 4.3-, and 7.0-fold increase, respectively, of kinetochore-negative micronuclei over the controls. The increase of kinetochore-positive micronuclei was rather low and represented at 6, 24 and 48 h, respectively 0.9-, 1.8- and 2.6-fold increases over the controls. Stobadine decreased the level of kinetochore-negative micronuclei at 6, 24 and 48 h to approximately one-half; the frequency of kinetochore-positive micronuclei was reduced only at 6 h. We suppose that the antioxidant stobadine reduces the induction of micronuclei by MNNG by scavenging of MNNG-induced highly reactive OH radicals which cause chromosomal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Horváthová
- Cancer Research Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Department of Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Abstract
Much of the recent progress in the field of genetic toxicology has come from an increased understanding of the molecular and cellular biology of the mammalian organism. Most prominent has been the ability to detect and quantify somatic mutation and relate the nature of the mutation to the specific type of chemical damage. Building upon the foundation of the human lymphocyte hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) system, and later, the mouse hprt system, methods for the detection and quantification of hprt mutations in rat lymphocytes were developed. These methods are described in this report as is the ongoing validation of the assay. Additionally, the characterization of the recovered mutants and a comparison of the mutation spectrum in the rat lymphocyte system to the spectrum in cancer genes, such as H-ras and p53, and the spectrum in transgenic systems, such as lacI, are included. The development of the rat lymphocyte hprt system and validation of the assay at the molecular level, provide an effective and reliable measure of genetic damage in an in vivo system which is readily comparable to measurement of genetic damage in the human.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aidoo
- Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Odin
- Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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47
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Abstract
The antimutagenic effects of green tea catechins, (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECg) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) on induction of 6-thioguanine (6TG)-resistant mutations induced by 4-nitroquinolin 1-oxide (4NQO) were found in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells. The antimutagenic activity of catechins was found only when cells were post-treated with catechins during the mutation expression time after treatment with 4NQO, and not found by simultaneous treatments with 4NQO and catechins. This bioantimutagenic activity of catechins were not observed in ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutations. This suggests that the antimutagenic effects of catechins may act intracellularly as bio-antimutagenic blocking agent or suppressive agent. These catechins had no effects on the cytotoxic activity of 4NQO in V79 cells, whether catechins were used in simultaneous treatment with or in post-treatment after 4NQO. This indicates that the antimutagenicity and anticytotoxicity to 4NQO may be caused by different mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kuroda
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Ohtsuka M, Fukuda K, Yano H, Kojiro M. Effects of nine active ingredients in Chinese herbal medicine sho-saiko-to on 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide mutagenicity. Jpn J Cancer Res 1995; 86:1131-5. [PMID: 8636000 PMCID: PMC5920669 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1995.tb03305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimutagenic effects of nine active compounds in the Chinese herbal medicine "sho-saiko-to" on mutagenesis induced by a direct-acting mutagen, 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (AF-2) were investigated in Salmonella typhimurium, strain TA100. The active compounds examined were classified into two major groups, saponins and flavonoids, the former comprising glycyrrhizin, saikosaponins a, c, and d, and ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1, and the latter, baicalin, baicalein and wogonin. Saikosaponin a and ginsenoside Rb1 were found to reduce the mutagenicity of AF-2 significantly when applied post-AF-2-treatment in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. Ginsenoside Rb1 also decreased the mutagenic activity of AF-2 in a simultaneous treatment protocol. The results indicate that saikosaponin a and ginsenoside Rb1 may enhance DNA repair, and ginsenoside Rb1 may also have the ability to inactivate the mutagenic activity of AF-2 directly. On the other hand, saikosaponin d and baicalin showed a slight enhancing effect. None of the compounds, except baicalein, showed any toxic effect on the test strain. These findings may be useful for the development of chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ohtsuka
- First Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Hita, Oita
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Gaziev AI, Panfilov BM, Bradbury R. Dietary supplements of antioxidants reduce hprt mutant frequency in splenocytes of aging mice. Mutat Res 1995; 338:77-86. [PMID: 7565884 DOI: 10.1016/0921-8734(95)00013-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The level of spontaneous and gamma-radiation-induced mutations in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase (hprt) locus as well as the decrease in frequency of these mutations in mice of various age pretreated with dietary supplements of an antioxidant mixture (vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, rutin, selenium, zinc) were studied in splenocytes of young (8-14-week-old) and aged (102-110-week-old) male C57BL/6 mice. The frequency of spontaneous mutations in splenocytes of 102-110-week-old mice was higher by 68-88% than that in mice aged 8-14 weeks. On gamma-irradiation (0.5-5.0 Gy) of mice, the frequency of radiation-induced mutations (Vf assay) in aged mice was 2.3 to 3.6 times (depending on dose) higher than in young ones. Daily supplements of an antioxidant mixture to the diet of mice prior to irradiation showed an antimutagenic effect. The values of mutant frequency reduction factor (MFRF) for 14-110-week-old mice fed with dietary antioxidants during 6 weeks prior to gamma-irradiation with doses of 2.0 and 5.0 Gy were 5.4 and 3.7, respectively. The frequency of radiation-induced mutations prevented or not prevented by antioxidants was much higher in aged mice than in young ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Gaziev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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Salvadori DM, Ribeiro LR, Natarajan AT. The anticlastogenicity of beta-carotene evaluated on human hepatoma cells. Mutat Res 1993; 303:151-6. [PMID: 7694132 DOI: 10.1016/0165-7992(93)90016-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of beta-carotene as a modulatory agent against clastogenicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CPA), an indirect-acting mutagen, and mitomycin C (MMC), a direct-acting mutagen, was evaluated in human hepatoma cells (Hep G2) using three different treatment regimes. Six doses of beta-carotene, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 microM, were tested as pre-treatment, simultaneous treatment and pre- + simultaneous treatment. Since these cells are able to activate mutagens without any exogenous metabolizing system (S9 mix), some problems related to the use of S9 mix were eliminated. The data obtained show a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of micronuclei (MN) induced by CPA when the cells were treated with beta-carotene, for all treatments, and no effect of this provitamin on the clastogenicity of MMC was found. These results reinforce the anticlastogenicity of beta-carotene showing that its action is independent of the treatment regime used. On the other hand, the fact that beta-carotene had a protective action only on CPA-induced MN suggests an effect on activation of the promutagen and emphasizes the important utility of cell lines capable of metabolizing chemical mutagens, in such basic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Salvadori
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Genetic Toxicology, School of Veterinary, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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