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Sharma K, Jäckel Z, Schneider A, Paul O, Diester I, Ruther P. Multifunctional optrode for opsin delivery, optical stimulation, and electrophysiological recordings in freely moving rats. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34795066 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Optogenetics involves delivery of light-sensitive opsins to the target brain region, as well as introduction of optical and electrical devices to manipulate and record neural activity, respectively, from the targeted neural population. Combining these functionalities in a single implantable device is of great importance for a precise investigation of neural networks while minimizing tissue damage.Approach. We report on the development, characterization, andin vivovalidation of a multifunctional optrode that combines a silicon-based neural probe with an integrated microfluidic channel, and an optical glass fiber in a compact assembly. The silicon probe comprises an 11-µm-wide fluidic channel and 32 recording electrodes (diameter 30µm) on a tapered probe shank with a length, thickness, and maximum width of 7.5 mm, 50µm, and 150µm, respectively. The size and position of fluidic channels, electrodes, and optical fiber can be precisely tuned according to thein vivoapplication.Main results.With a total system weight of 0.97 g, our multifunctional optrode is suitable for chronicin vivoexperiments requiring simultaneous drug delivery, optical stimulation, and neural recording. We demonstrate the utility of our device in optogenetics by injecting a viral vector carrying a ChR2-construct in the prefrontal cortex and subsequent photostimulation of the transduced neurons while recording neural activity from both the target and adjacent regions in a freely moving rat for up to 9 weeks post-implantation. Additionally, we demonstrate a pharmacological application of our device by injecting GABA antagonist bicuculline in an anesthetized rat brain and simultaneously recording the electrophysiological response.Significance. Our triple-modality device enables a single-step optogenetic surgery. In comparison to conventional multi-step surgeries, our approach achieves higher spatial specificity while minimizing tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Sharma
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Cluster IMBIT/BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zoë Jäckel
- Cluster IMBIT/BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Optophysiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Artur Schneider
- Cluster IMBIT/BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Optophysiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Paul
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Cluster IMBIT/BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ilka Diester
- Cluster IMBIT/BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Optophysiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Bernstein Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Ruther
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Cluster IMBIT/BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Preininger V. Chapter 5 The Pharmacology and Toxicology of the Papaveraceae Alkaloids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s1876-0813(08)60277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
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