1
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Almomani B, Kim TY, Chang YS. Global damage evaluation of a dry storage structure subjected to postulated aircraft crashes. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2022.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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2
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Kim TY, Chang YS. Numerical investigation on postulated aircraft crash to tokamak building. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Damage and vibrations of nuclear power plant buildings subjected to aircraft crash part I: Model test. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Li Z, Li Z, Dong Z, Huang T, Lu Y, Rong J, Wu H. Damage and vibrations of nuclear power plant buildings subjected to aircraft crash part II: Numerical simulations. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Wang X, Wang D, Zhang Y, Wu C. Research on the impact effect of AP1000 shield building subjected to large commercial aircraft. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Lo Frano R. Aircraft Impact Effects on an Aged NPP. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040816. [PMID: 33567760 PMCID: PMC7915843 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The impact of an aircraft is widely known to be one of the worst events that can occur during the operation of a plant (classified for this reason as beyond design). This can become much more catastrophic and lead to the loss of strength of/collapse of the structures when it occurs in the presence of ageing (degradation and alteration) materials. Therefore, since the performance of all plant components may be affected by ageing, there is a need to evaluate the effect that aged components have on system performance and plant safety. This study addresses the numerical simulation of an aged Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) subjected to a military aircraft impact. The effects of impact velocity, direction, and location were investigated together with the more unfavorable conditions to be expected for the plant. The modelling method was also validated based on the results obtained from the experiments of Sugano et al., 1993. Non-linear analyses by means of finite element (FE) MARC code allowed us to simulate the performance of the reinforced concrete containment building and its impact on plant availability and reliability. The results showed that ageing increases a plant’s propensity to suffer damage. The damage at the impact area was confirmed to be dependent on the type of aircraft involved and the target wall thickness. The greater the degradation of the materials, the lower the residual resistance capacity, and the greater the risk of wall perforation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lo Frano
- Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering (DICI), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Hering M, Bracklow F, Scheerer S, Curbach M. Reinforced Concrete Plates under Impact Load-Damage Quantification. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13204554. [PMID: 33066353 PMCID: PMC7602253 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A large number of impact experiments have been carried out at the Technische Universität Dresden in recent years in several research projects. The focus was on reinforced concrete plates on the one hand and on subsequently strengthened reinforced concrete plates on the other hand. Based on these investigations, two fundamental tasks arose: (1) finding an objective description of the damage of components made of steel reinforced concrete that had previously been subjected to an impact load and (2) quantification of the effect of a subsequently applied strengthening layer. In this paper we will focus on both. At first, the experimental conditions and program as well as the used drop tower facility at the Otto Mohr Laboratory of the Technische Universität Dresden are briefly explained. In the summary presentation of the main test results, the focus is on the observed component damage. Based on the observations, an approach for a damage description is presented. To define global damage, the stiffness of the investigated structural components before and after the impact event is used. At the end of the paper, the potential of the method, but also gaps in knowledge and research needs are discussed.
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Sadiq M, Khushnood RA, Ilyas M, Khaliq W, Khan SA, Rong P. Comparative assessment of impact analysis methods applied to large commercial aircraft crash on reinforced concrete containment. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237264. [PMID: 33002034 PMCID: PMC7529203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise evaluation of the potential damage caused by large commercial aircraft crash into civil structures, especially nuclear power plants (NPPs), has become essential design consideration. In this study, impact of Boeing 767 against rigid wall and outer containment building (reinforced concrete) of an NPP are simulated in ANSYS/LS-DYNA by using both force time history and missile target interaction methods with impact velocities ranging from 100 m/s to 150 m/s. The results show that impact loads, displacements, stresses for concrete and steel reinforcement, and damaged elements are higher in case of force time history method than missile target interaction method, making the former relatively conservative. It is observed that no perforation or scabbing takes place in case of 100 m/s impact speed, thus preventing any potential leakage. With full mass of Boeing 767 and impact velocity slightly above 100 m/s, the outer containment building can prevent local failure modes. At impact velocity higher than 120 m/s, scabbing and perforations are dominant. This concludes that in design and assessment of NPP structures against aircraft loadings, sufficient thickness or consideration of steel plates are essential to account for local failure modes and overall structural integrity. Furthermore, validation and application of detail 3D finite element and material models to full-scale impact analysis have been carried out to expand the existing database. In rigid wall impact analysis, the impact forces and impulses from FE analysis and Riera's method correspond well, which satisfies the recommendations of relevant standards and further ensure the accuracy of results in full-scale impact analysis. The methodology presented in this paper is extremely effective in simulating structural evaluation of full-scale aircraft impact on important facilities such as NPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sadiq
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rao Arsalan Khushnood
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.,Politecnico Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Khaliq
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Pan Rong
- Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center (NSC), Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), Beijing, China
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Chung CH, Choi K, Choi HS, Lee J. Local impact resistance analysis of prestressed concrete structures considering curvature and post-tensioning effects. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2020.107415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Liu X, Wu H, Qu Y, Xu Z, Sheng J, Fang Q. Safety assessment of Generation Ⅲ nuclear power plant buildings subjected to commercial aircraft crash Part I: FE model establishment and validations. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Mei R, Li J, Lin G, Pan R, Zhu X. Evaluation of the vibration response of third generation nuclear power plants with isolation technology under large commercial aircraft impact. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2019.103230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Safety assessment of generation III nuclear power plant buildings subjected to commercial aircraft crash part III: Engine missile impacting SC plate. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Qu Y, Wu H, Xu Z, Liu X, Dong Z, Fang Q. Safety assessment of Generation III nuclear power plant buildings subjected to commercial aircraft crash Part II: Structural damage and vibrations. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Ismaila A, Md Kasmani R, Ramli AT. Numerical evaluation of the severity of consequences of external fire and explosion incident at a nuclear power plant. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2019.110314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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An Integral Numerical Analysis of Impact of a Commercial Aircraft on Nuclear Containment. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/9417954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
After the September 11 attack, the resistant capability of containments against aircraft impacts is required to be assessed for newly constructed nuclear power plants (NPPs). In this paper, the crash of a commercial airplane Boeing 767-200ER on the reinforced concrete containment building of an NPP is analyzed using the missile-target interaction method. Two plane models with the same total weight but different fuel distribution are analyzed. The force-time history obtained by FEA (finite element analysis) is compared with the one calculated by the Riera function. In the integral analysis, the mesh sensitivity of the reinforced concrete containment model is studied, and recommendations are provided on the modelling of containment. The impact phenomenon and damage on the containment are investigated through the validated model. The fuel distribution in the aircraft is found to have strong influence on the damage of the containment, which indicates that the load distribution in the transverse direction is critical in the analysis of aircraft impact. The classic load-time function analysis is unable to incorporate this factor and may not be adequate to provide satisfactory results. For this reason, the application of an integral analysis is advantageous in the safety assessment of aircraft impact.
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Askari B, Nykyforchyn A, Klügel JU, Steiner P, Miloshev M, Kostov M, Swiderski K. Analysis of the consequences of an airplane crash on an underground radioactive waste storage building. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2019.110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Li T, Wang W, Yuan F, Wu X. An engineering model and its numerical validation for a malevolent aircraft impinging against a rigid target: Force and impulse estimations. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Zhang T, Wu H, Huang T, Sheng J, Fang Q, Zhang F. Penetration depth of RC panels subjected to the impact of aircraft engine missiles. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Experimental research on impact loading characteristics by full-scale airplane impacting on concrete target. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Nuclear containment structure subjected to commercial aircraft crash and subsequent vibrations and fire. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Zhang T, Wu H, Fang Q, Huang T. Numerical simulations of nuclear power plant containment subjected to aircraft impact. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Soft impact testing of a wall-floor-wall reinforced concrete structure. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2016.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Shin SS, Hahm D, Park T. Shock vibration and damage responses of primary auxiliary buildings from aircraft impact. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Lee HK, Kim SE. Comparative assessment of impact resistance of SC and RC panels using finite element analysis. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Rouzaud C, Gatuingt F, Hervé G, Moussallam N, Dorival O. Influence of the aircraft crash induced local nonlinearities on the overall dynamic response of a RC structure through a parametric study. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Hostikka S, Silde A, Sikanen T, Vepsä A, Paajanen A, Honkanen M. Experimental characterisation of sprays resulting from impacts of liquid-containing projectiles. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Lee HK, Kim SE. Structural behavior of SC panel subjected to impact loading using finite element analysis. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Saarenheimo A, Tuomala M, Calonius K. Shear punching studies on an impact loaded reinforced concrete slab. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Zhang T, Wu H, Fang Q, Gong Z. Influences of nuclear containment radius on the aircraft impact force based on the Riera function. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Heckötter C, Vepsä A. Experimental investigation and numerical analyses of reinforced concrete structures subjected to external missile impact. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Influence of the Saturation Ratio on Concrete Behavior under Triaxial Compressive Loading. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/976387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
When a concrete structure is subjected to an impact, the material is subjected to high triaxial compressive stresses. Furthermore, the water saturation ratio in massive concrete structures may reach nearly 100% at the core, whereas the material dries quickly on the skin. The impact response of a massive concrete wall may thus depend on the state of water saturation in the material. This paper presents some triaxial tests performed at a maximum confining pressure of 600 MPa on concrete representative of a nuclear power plant containment building. Experimental results show the concrete constitutive behavior and its dependence on the water saturation ratio. It is observed that as the degree of saturation increases, a decrease in the volumetric strains as well as in the shear strength is observed. The coupled PRM constitutive model does not accurately reproduce the response of concrete specimens observed during the test. The differences between experimental and numerical results can be explained by both the influence of the saturation state of concrete and the effect of deviatoric stresses, which are not accurately taken into account. The PRM model was modified in order to improve the numerical prediction of concrete behavior under high stresses at various saturation states.
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32
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Damage assessment of nuclear containment against aircraft crash. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Effects of reinforcement ratio and arrangement on the structural behavior of a nuclear building under aircraft impact. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Lee K, Jung JW, Hong JW. Advanced aircraft analysis of an F-4 Phantom on a reinforced concrete building. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Simulation analysis of impact tests of steel plate reinforced concrete and reinforced concrete slabs against aircraft impact and its validation with experimental results. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Tennant D, Levine H, Mould J, Vaughan D. Rapid evaluation of buildings and infrastructure to accidental and deliberate aircraft impact. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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High-rate tensile behavior of steel fiber-reinforced concrete for nuclear power plants. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Analysis of impact of large commercial aircraft on a prestressed containment building. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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CHUNG CHULHUN, CHOI HYUN, PARK JAEGYUN. LOCAL COLLISION SIMULATION OF AN SC WALL USING ENERGY ABSORBING STEEL. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.5516/net.09.2013.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Nuclear containment structure subjected to commercial and fighter aircraft crash. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Preliminary evaluation of aircraft impact on a near term nuclear power plant. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Riedel W, Nöldgen M, Straßburger E, Thoma K, Fehling E. Local damage to Ultra High Performance Concrete structures caused by an impact of aircraft engine missiles. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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Kœchlin P, Potapov S. Classification of soft and hard impacts—Application to aircraft crash. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2008.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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44
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Rosen P, Popescu V, Hoffmann C, Irfanoglu A. A high-quality high-fidelity visualization of the September 11 attack on the World Trade Center. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2008; 14:937-947. [PMID: 18467766 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2008.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this application paper, we describe the efforts of a multidisciplinary team towards producing a visualization of the September 11 Attack on the North Tower of New York's World Trade Center. The visualization was designed to meet two requirements. First, the visualization had to depict the impact with high fidelity, by closely following the laws of physics. Second, the visualization had to be eloquent to a nonexpert user. This was achieved by first designing and computing a finite-element analysis (FEA) simulation of the impact between the aircraft and the top 20 stories of the building, and then by visualizing the FEA results with a state-of-the-art commercial animation system. The visualization was enabled by an automatic translator that converts the simulation data into an animation system 3D scene. We built upon a previously developed translator. The translator was substantially extended to enable and control visualization of fire and of disintegrating elements, to better scale with the number of nodes and number of states, to handle beam elements with complex profiles, and to handle smoothed particle hydrodynamics liquid representation. The resulting translator is a powerful automatic and scalable tool for high-quality visualization of FEA results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rosen
- Computer Science Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2107, USA.
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45
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Hoffmann C, Popescu V, Kilic S, Sozen M. Modeling, simulation, and visualization: the pentagon on september 11th. Comput Sci Eng 2004. [DOI: 10.1109/mcise.2004.1255821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Local damage to reinforced concrete structures caused by impact of aircraft engine missiles Part 1. Test program, method and results. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0029-5493(93)90120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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